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1、专题13阅读理解说明文 组合练20篇2022-2023学年寒假高二英语轻松突破重难点查漏补缺组合练（原卷版）（一）In 1970, American magician Rick Johnsson theorized that when magic tricks seem too perfect, audiences are less impressed and can easily figure out their secrets. Johnsson knew few people believed magicians had supernatural powers because they
2、feel certain there is a rational explanation for magic, and its often science.Whats the science behind popular magic tricks? Lets take a look. Levitating(悬浮)objects A popular trick is making objects levitate, with smaller objects being especially easy to “fly”. To the viewer, the levitating object m
3、ay seem to resist gravity, but theres a simple explanationquantum (量子)physics. Magicians coat an object in a layer of magnetic paint and place it on top of a superconductor cooled by liquid nitrogen. The opposing forces cause the object to float above the superconductor. Vanishing liquidsMany magici
4、ans can make liquids disappear. The explanation is simplechemistry. Sodium polyacrylate, also known as “waterlock”, is a chennical compound that can absorb liquids. Its used in everyday products such as baby diapers. Whats magical about this compound is that it can absorb 100 to 1000 times its mass
5、in liquid.When a magician pours water into a cup lined with sodium polyacrylate, the water is quickly absorbed. Burning paperAnother interesting trick is when magicians set paper on fire, it remains undamaged. Magicians can even use money in this trick. However, theres a scientific explanation-chemi
6、stry! The item is dipped in a mixture of alcohol and water before the trick. When its lit on fire, the alcohol covering the paper begins to burn. Alcohol burns and changes into gas at a much lower temperature than water, so the water protects the paper from burning.1Where is this passage most likely
7、 from?AScience fiction.BA textbook.CThe popular press.DA news report.2What may be involved in Levitating objects?AWaterlock and a superconductor.BMagnets and low temperatures.CPaints and some liquid hydrogen.DBaby diapers and liquid nitrogen.3What will happen if paper previously soaked in the mixtur
8、e of alcohol and water is lit?AThe paper will be undamaged.BThe alcohol will be unchanged.CThe paper will change into gas.DThe alcohol will soon turn into ash.（二）When teaching, always assume the worst! No, thats not some world-weary call to pessimism, but actually a positive strategy for supporting
9、students in the classroom. Consider the problems that can arise when you dont do this, and instead take as your starting assumption that things are probably, basically okay:Teacher: Did you get on all right with the homework questions?Student: Er, yesTeacher: Are there any you want to go through?Stu
10、dent: Er, noits fineWhats going on here? The student clearly feels that “yes” is the expected answer to the first question, but having said that, theyre then more or less forced into answering “no” to the second. Any problems they might have experienced are buried, and consequently go unresolved.A m
11、uch better approach is to assume the worst, to the point of setting up failure as the starting point. Then, if necessary, the student can be in the happy position of bringing you good news, which gives the impression of placing them in a more powerful position. Lets imagine that same exchange again:
12、Teacher: Those homework questions were hard. Did you manage any of them?Student: Yes, I did the first one, but I couldnt do any of the others.Teacher: Okaydo you want to go through the others?Student: Yes, please.This time, weve made it easy for the student to admit their difficulties. Theres no pre
13、tense (借口) around everything being fine when it isnt, and no shame in the student admitting to having problems, as thats clearly the teachers starting assumption.It takes no longer to frame things this way round, but makes it so much easier for the student to be honest. Paradoxically, its also much
14、more positive in that the student is constantly exceeding the teachers expectations “You managed question one? Well done! Now, lets look at the others”Every counsellor knows that if they ask a client “Did you have a good week?”, theyre more likely to get a positive response, because its a leading qu
15、estion that doesnt communicate a strong interest in hearing the truth. Instead, a more neutral question like “How was your week?” is much more likely to elicit an honest response.The same applies in the classroom. We want to avoid fakery and being told what we want to hear. Instead, we have to probe
16、 for the problems, the difficulties, the things that make no sense to the student, and make it easy for them to tell us those things.1Which question is preferred according to the author?ADid you manage any of the hard questions in the homework?BDid you get on all right with the homework questions?CD
17、o you have any questions you want to go through?DDo you think the homework questions are hard?2According to the passage, good questions _.Apromote communicationsBshould be based on honestyCreveal different assumptionsDought to make others happy3This article is mainly intended for _.AparentsBteachers
18、CstudentsDresearchers（三）It was 2005 and scientists in Cape Town made a shocking discovery. Their tracking data showed a great white shark moving from South Africa to Australia and back again in a near straight line. It was the fastest transoceanic return migration ever recorded and it was carried ou
19、t with near pinpoint accuracy. Today, its well known that sharks make yearly returns such as this to specific locations, but how exactly they do it has escaped consensus.A group of scientists from Florida State University has taken on the question and concluded that sharks have an internal, GPS-like
20、 navigation system that allows them to read the Earths geomagnetic field. To conduct the research, the team first got 20 juvenile bonnethead sharks in St George Sound off the Florida Panhandle, and placed them in a small pool surrounded by copper wire. The wire allowed the researchers to create a cu
21、stom magnetic field in the centre of the pool. Exposed to the magnetic field from the capture location, the sharks swam in random directions at leisure; but when exposed to the geomagnetic field that would be found 600 kilometres south of that spot, they swam north in a “homeward orientation”.Resear
22、chers have suspected that sharks and sawfish detect magnetic fields since the 1970s, but the exact mechanism by which they do so, and the prevalence of this skill in nature has proven elusive, partly because its so difficult to study. “Weve known for some time that sharks have the ability to detect
23、the magnetic field, but this is the first time it has been tested successfully,” says Bryan Keller, a scientist at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “We expect these abilities are also observed in other species, like the great white, which migrate 20,000 kilometres out and back
24、 to the same spot.” The results mean that some sharks can be added to the growing list of animals that navigate by magnetic sensation, which includes sea turtles, lobsters and birds.With the shark navigation system now demonstrated, scientists want to understand the mechanism behind it. Two theories
25、 have emerged: some researchers believe that it depends on an iron mineral called magnetite; others believe its based on a magnetic-field-sensing molecule in the retina (视网膜) of the eye called cryptochrome. Both theories, or a combination of the two, are plausible. Magnetite has been isolated from m
26、any animal tissues, while evidence from studies in birds suggests that they sense the inclination of the magnetic field using cryptochrome molecules in their retinas; the direction of the field is transmitted by the optic nerve to the brain, which allows them to “visualize” north and south. But scie
27、ntists dont yet know the precise location of the cryptochrome receptors, or the brain centres that process the information on the magnetic field. Theres more work to do to truly understand these masterful navigators.4Scientists in Cape Town discovered sharks could _.Amigrate fast and accuratelyBnavi
28、gate by magnetic systemCdetect magnetic fields preciselyDswim in a straight line perfectly5In the Florida State University research, the sharks swam north because they _.Alost the navigation systemBcould not detect magnetic fieldsCsensed their home magnetic fieldDwere exposed to a strange magnetic f
29、ield6The underlined word “elusive” in paragraph 3 probably means _.AuniqueBunattainableCcomplexDsuperior7The last paragraph mainly talks about _ of shark navigation system.Athe evolutionBthe applicationCthe advantagesDthe mechanism（四）Some documents have been making the rounds lately where people who
30、 work various positions in different industries share how much theyre paid. Bravo! Its about time we blew up that old belief that salaries have to stay secret. This is not just a matter of curiosity. Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap, which has barely changed for
31、more than a decade. Recently released date from the US Census Bureau shows that, on average, women working full time still are paid only 82 cents for every dollar paid to a man. And the gap is even wider for many women of color: Black women make 62 cents, and Latinas just 54 cents. Whats more, the p
32、ay gap even extends into her retirement. Because she earned less and therefore paid less to the social security system, she receives less in social security benefits. Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. A new research report by the American Association of Unive
33、rsity Women shows that the wage gap tends to be smaller in job sectors where pay transparency (透明) is a must. For example, among federal government workers, theres just a 13 percent pay difference between men and women, and in state government, the gap is about 17 percent. But in private, for-profit
34、 companies, where salaries are generally kept under wraps, the gender wage gap jumps to 29 percent. Fortunately, salary information is increasingly available on some websites. Certain companies and many human resources departments are pushing ahead with this practice. Of course, its going to take mo
35、re than salary transparency to equalize earnings between women and men. But sharing salaries can and must be part of the solution. The more information women have about how jobs are valued and what different people earn the better they will understand their value in the labor market and be able to p
36、ush for the pay they deserve.4Why are the figures mentioned in paragraph 2?ATo reveal the severity of gender wage gap.BTo confirm the previous belief about salaries.CTo satisfy readers curiosity about others salaries.DTo appeal to readers to share their salary information.5What is paragraph 3 mainly
37、 about?AThe inequality between men and women.BThe need to keep salary information a secret.CThe advantage of working for the government.DThe benefit of making salary information public.6What is the authors attitude towards sharing salary information?ACritical.BFavourable.CUncleanDNegative.7Which of
38、the following is the best title for the passage?AWhy It Pays to Share How Much You MakeBWhere Salary Information Difference LiesCWhat It Takes to Realize Gender EqualityDHow Womans Value Improves at Work.（五）Monopoly (大富翁) is a very popular board game around the world today, but little is known about
39、 its American inventor, Elizabeth Magie, and the philosophy behind her invention.Born in 1866, Magie was a rebel against the norms and politics of her times. Inspired by Henry George who believed that all men should have an equal right to use the land as they have to breathe air, she challenged the
40、capitalist system of property ownership in the form of a board game. In 1904, she patented her Landlords Game, which consisted of a circuit of streets and landmarks for sale.Magies game contained two sets of rules: The Prosperity rules and the Monopolist rules. The Prosperity rules stated that every
41、 player should gain each time someone acquired a new property. The game was won (by all!) when the player starting with the least money doubled his or her fortune. Under Monopolist rules, on the other hand, each player advanced by acquiring properties and collecting rent from all who landed there la
42、ter. Whoever managed to bankrupt the other players won the game. The purpose of the dual sets of rules, said Magie, was for players to understand how these different approaches to property can lead to different social outcomes: “all win” or “win all.”The game soon became a hit on college campuses an
43、d among Quaker communities, and some people modified the game board. An unemployed player named Charles Darrow sold this modified version to the manufacturer Parker Brothers as his own. However, when the games true origin came to light, Parker Brothers bought the patent from Magie for only $500. The
44、y then re-launched the game as Monopoly, including only the rules leading to the triumph of one over all. Darrow was publicized as the inventor who had become a millionaire from selling the game. Thus a rags-to-riches myth was created, ironically exemplifying Monopolys implicit (含蓄的) values: Chase w
45、ealth and crush your opponents if you want to come out on top.8What is this passage mainly about?AThe creation and modification of a board game.BA fight between patent owners of a popular game.CA socio-economic victory behind a landlord game.DThe person who became a millionaire from a fun game.9What
46、 was the main purpose of Magies Prosperity rules?ATo emphasize the value of the capitalist system.BTo introduce different approaches to obtaining new land.CTo advocate that all should be rewarded when one acquires wealth.DTo challenge Georges idea that men should have an equal right to the land.10Wh
47、at does “a rags-to-riches myth” refer to in the last paragraph?AA modified version of Monopoly.BDarrows success after selling the game.CParker Brothers purchase of Magies patent.DThe popularity of the game on college campuses.11Which of the following would best describe Magies feelings toward todays
48、 version of her game?AExcited.BRelieved.CDoubtful.DDispleased.（六）On a dark night, 11-year-old Joe was playing hide-and-seek with his friends in the backyard when he thought he saw Magellana huge housecat. However, when the cat suddenly jumped on his head, Joe found it turned out a young cougar. He backed away from the animal, then turned and ran inside the house.Cougar encounters like this one are becoming increasingly common in