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1、专题11 阅读理解记叙文1.（2023年新高考I卷B篇）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wo
2、nder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemical
3、s? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear
4、 fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John
5、added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility t
6、hat treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put orga
7、nisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.5.
8、 Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.6. What is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review Johns research plans.B. To show an application of Johns idea.C. To compare Johns different
9、jobs.D. To erase doubts about Johns invention.7. What is the basis for Johns work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.2.（2023年新高考II卷B篇）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough wor
10、k for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillos studen
11、ts live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insect
12、s are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried
13、produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their p
14、arents and now theyre eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the programs benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo
15、s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?A. She used to be a health worker.B. She grew up in a low-income family.C. She owns a fast food restaurant.D. She is an initiator
16、 of Urban Sprouts.5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A. The kids parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time for her classes.C. Some kids disliked garden work.D. There was no space for school gardens.6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the pr
17、ogram?A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.C. Short-lived.D. Unidentifiable.7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Rescuing School GardensB. Experiencing Country LifeC. Growing Vegetable LoversD. Changing Local Landscape3.（2023年浙江卷1月）Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chance
18、s are that if youre looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband,
19、 as he is not completely zero waste like me. Ive learned a few things along the way though, which I hope youll find encouraging if youre doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I rem
20、ember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came of
21、f as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didnt need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I als
22、o offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household wont entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may fi
23、nd yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what youre doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably wont do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by acti
24、on.24What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?AShare an apartment with you.BJoin you in what youre doing.CTransform your way of living.DHelp you to make the decision.25What was the attitude of the authors father toward buying groceries with jars?AHe disapprov
25、ed of it.BHe was favorable to it.CHe was tolerant of it.DHe didnt care about it.26What can we infer about the author?AShe is quite good at cooking.BShe respects others privacy.CShe enjoys being a housewife.DShe is a determined person.27What is the text mainly about?AHow to get on well with other fam
26、ily members.BHow to have ones own personal space at home.CHow to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.DHow to control the budget when buying groceries.1. (2022年新高考II卷)We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people dont even realize its new.
27、For them, its just normal.This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a childrens book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures a perfect match for his age. Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold
28、 the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.Whats up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there somethin
29、g wrong with this kid? Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that. Sorry, kid. This book is not
30、part of your high-tech world. Its an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but Im not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. Ive even built websites. Theres one notable gap in my new-media experience
31、, however: Ive spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didnt stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province. Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star two
32、minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.4What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?AProvided shelter for me.BBecame very clear to me.CTook the pressure off me.DWorked quite well on me.5Why did
33、the kid poke the storybook?AHe took it for a tablet computer.BHe disliked the colorful pictures.CHe was angry with his grandpa.DHe wanted to read it by himself.6What does the author think of himself?ASocially ambitious.BPhysically attractive.CFinancially independent.DDigitally competent.7What can we
34、 learn about the author as a journalist?AHe lacks experience in his job.BHe seldom appears on television.CHe manages a video department.DHe often interviews internet stars.2. (2022年浙江卷1月)For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was bo
35、rn of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She to
36、ok it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didnt take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job. Merebeths pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has ta
37、ken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and to
38、tal whiteout conditions in Kansas. This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina I
39、sland off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking. It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesnt work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with
40、air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restlessthe same old wanderlust returning. Its a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I am on the road, Im just in my own world. Ive always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.”1Why did Merebeth cha
41、nged her job?AShe wanted to work near her home.BShe was tired of working in the office.CHer sister asked her to move to Denver.DHer former employer was out of business.2The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to _?Amake money.Btry various jobs.Cbe close to nature.Dtravel to different pla
42、ces.3What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?AShe has chances to see rare animals.BShe works hard throughout the year.CShe relies on herself the whole time.DShe earns a basic and tax-free salary.3. (2022年浙江卷6月)Pasta and pizza were on everyones lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone
43、who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown
44、skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldnt even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us s
45、tood the barrier of language. Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office
46、 seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian wit
47、h people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages. In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In my English to Italian translations, Ive learned about social
48、 programs that I didnt know existed. This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this citys sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.1What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn?ATime passed quickly.BEnglish was hard to learn.CThe food was terrible.DPeople were very different.2Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?AAn Italian teacher.BA government