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1、专题10从句与语法填空考点题型 技巧考向分析考生在从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能区分从句；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。复习建议1、关系代词引导的定语从句；2、关系副词引导的定语从句；3、“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句；4、as引导的定语从句；5、主语从句；6、宾语从句；7、表语从句；8、同位语从句；9、时间状语从句；10、让步状语从句；11、条件状语从句；12、其他状语从句；考点导航考
2、点01关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。1who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。2whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose名词”可用“the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词”来代替。3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which
3、。(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second, .，the last修饰时。(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。5在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which
4、。(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。考点02关系副词引导的定语从句当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which；来源:Z&xx&k.Comwhy表原因的介词(如for)which。1关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其
5、中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which；why表原因的介词(如for)which。xkw2way和time后接定语从句的情况。(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。如：(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at
6、/duringwhich”引导定语从句。如：考点03“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句掌握“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：1关系代词的确定在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：2介词的位置介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。如：3关系代词前介词的确定(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如：(2)根据先行词来确定。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如：4“名词/代词介词关系代词”结构此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/n
7、one/the largestofwhich/whom”等。如：5 “复合介词短语关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。6“介词which/whom不定式”结构考点04as引导的定语从句1as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。注意：such.as.与such.that.的区别such.as.中的as引导的是定语从句，而such.that.中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从
8、句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。2关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)位置不同as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：(2)意义不同as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样；as is well knownas is known to all众所周知；as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样；as (it) often happens正如经常发生的那
9、样；as is often the case正如经常发生的那样；as has been said before如上所述；as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as I remember (it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。如：(3)用法不同当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。如：当as在句中作主语时，后常接动词的被动语态。如：be known, be said, be reported等。如果从句中动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如：考点05主语从句1引导主语从句的连接词：连词that，w
10、hether等；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。 2主语从句一般放在句首，但常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型有： (1)Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)that从句 (2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句 (3)Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported等)that从句 (4)It不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,matte
11、r等)that从句 考点06宾语从句1引导宾语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，if；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等;连接副词when，where，why，how，从句用陈述语序。 2宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放 到形式宾 语 或宾补之后。 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/makeit宾补(形容词或名词)不定式/宾语从句 (2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciateit宾语从句 (3)动词短语see to/de
12、pend on/insist onit宾语从句 (4)固定搭配bring it to ones attention/take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that宾语从句 3一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句. 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语. 4在doubt引导的宾语从句中，若主句为肯定句，宾语从句的连接词用whether/if，若主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词用that。 5宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句在时态上保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；而当主句为
13、过去时时，从句须用相应的过去时。当从句的内容为真理或客观事 实时， 须用一般现在时。 考点07表语从句1引导表语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，as if/though；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever， whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why， how，从句用陈述语序。 2as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况，
14、从句用陈述语气。 3This/That/It is why从句(表结果)“这/那就是的原因” This/That/It is because从句(表原因)“这/那是因为” The reason why.is that从句“的原因是” 考点08同位语从句1同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分， 但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether,when，where，why，how等引导。 2接同位语从句的常见名词：fact，news，idea，truth， hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，q
15、uestion等。 3分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。 考点09时间状语从句1when，while和as引导的时间状语从句 when 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，常用于be about to do.when.；be doing.when.；had just done.when.;be on the point of doing.when.等结构中。 while 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，强调一段时
16、间，从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。 表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。 while作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 as 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边；一边；随着”，从句谓语一般为延续性动词。 2表示“一就”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句 (1)as soon as；immediately；directly；instantly；the moment/minute/instant；no sooner.than.；hardly.when. (2)hardly.when.；no sooner.than.中主句用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时；当hardly和no so
17、oner 位于句首时，主 句要部分倒装。 3引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词 (1)until与till引导的时间状语从句 until/till意为“直到时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是 延 续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非 延 续性动词时，主句常用否定形式，意为“直到才”。 (2)every/each time，next time，the first time，whenever等引导的时间状语从句。 (3)by the time引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般现在时,主句用将来完成时；从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。 考点09
18、让步状语从句1although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句 (1) although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 (2) although/though不能与but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。 (3)though 还可以作副词，意为“可是，然而”,置于句末。 (4)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。 2even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句 3“no matter疑问词”与“疑问词ever
19、”； whether.or.(不管还是)引导的让步状语从句 (1) “no matter疑问词”引导让步状语从句时，可转化成 “疑问词ever”。 (2)whenever,wherever还可分别引导时间和地点状语从句。 考点11条件状语从句1引导条件状语从句的连词：if；unless；so(as) long as；once；in case；on condition that；supposing/suppose (that);provided/providing。 2“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”的句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。 3条件状语从句中一般用一般现在时代
20、替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。 考点12其他状语从句1.引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时,从句须放在主句之前。 2目的状语从句的谓语动词一般含有情态动词can，could,may，might，should等。 3as if/though引导方式状语从句时,从句中有时需用虚拟语气. 【题型分析】1.In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此
21、处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。2.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _opened in 1759. 【答案】which / that 【解析】关系代词which / that引导定语从句，指代先行词the British Museum，在从句中作主语。3.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm d
22、aily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _ she opened with her late husband Les. 【答案】which 【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词the pet shop，which在从句中作opened的宾语。4.They were well trained by their masters_ had great experience with caring for these animals. 【答案】who / that【解析】此处用who或that引导定语从句修饰先行词masters。5.On the
23、edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _gives off light in the dark. 【答案】that / which 【解析】根据句子结构可知，空白处缺少引导定语从句的关系代词。先行词是a piece of cloth，为物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故用that或者which。6.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running re
24、duced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.【答案】that / which 【解析】此处用that / which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。7.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government started a soil testing program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fert
25、ilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】that / which 【解析】根据语境“ gives s specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers”修饰 “a soil-testing program”，先行词表示物，关系代词作定语从句的主语，用that或者which。8.Im not sure _ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 【答案】which【解析】【
26、名词性从句 / 连接词】根据下文的“me or the female gorilla”可知，此处给出两个选择，句意为：我不确定哪一个感到更害怕。故填连接代词which。9.Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 【答案】who / that 【解析】此处缺引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，故用who或that。10.Like anything, it is possible t
27、o have too much of both, _ is not good for the health.【答案】which【解析】【定语从句连接词】结合上下文，此处意为“可能二者吃的太多，对我们的健康不利”，且 is not good for the health缺少主语，因此应填关系代词which，指代上文提到的内容。11.But Sarah, _ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 【答案】who 【解析】【定语从句连接词
28、】分析句子结构可知，主语为Sarah,谓语部分为wants。 “ 64 has taken part in shows along with top models,”作定语修饰先行词Sarah，且指代先行词的关系代词在从句中作主语，因此填who。 13.Like many things in life, its an ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that theres enough room for improvement, _means youll just keep getting better and bett
29、er.【答案】 which【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，_means youll just keep getting better and better.是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的theres enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。14.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread ove
30、r the garden, _ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能和一堆厨房垃圾被扫到花园中，在那里直到胡萝卜意外地发芽使戒指通过绿叶又被找到。前后两句很完整，由句意可知，后半句是对花园进行了进一步的解释说明。故后半句是定语从句，先行词是garden，在定语从句作地点状语，关系词用where，故填where。检测训练1.Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31_ wor
31、ks alongside her in the family business said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：31岁的孙女盖尔帕克斯与艾琳一起在家族生意工作。她说，谁提名艾琳获得这一奖项，目前还不得而知。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Gayle Parks”，为人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。2.Have you ever wondered _ you would do to solve math problem
32、s if you didnt have a calculator or computer or even pencil and paper?【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：你有没有想过，如果你没有计算器或电脑，甚至没有铅笔和纸，你会做什么来解决数学问题？_ you would do to solve math problems 为宾语从句，从句中do后缺少宾语，表示“什么 ”，故填what。3.The Crescent Spring, _beauty attracts tourists from home and abroad, has become a romantic paradise fo
33、r visitors.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：月牙泉吸引了海内外游客，成为游客的浪漫天堂。分析句子可知，空白处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Crescent Spring，在从句中作beauty的定语，指“月牙泉的美”，所以用关系代词whose，故填whose。4.These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, were carved on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into _ancient Chinese saw the world around
34、them and into their great creativity. 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意见上一题。根据空格前的介词into可知，此处为宾语从句。在宾语从句中，句子不缺成分，表“如何”含义，所以用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故填how。5.Now as a Chinese international, Wu is working hard to show that “there are players in China _ can shine in the best leagues in the world”, he told Global Times.【解析】考查定语从句。句意同
35、上。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是players，指人，在从句中做主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。6.It also raises questions about _ European governments are doing enough to keep up and care for such buildings.【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：这也引发了一些问题，即欧洲各国政府是否有足够的努力来维持和维护这些建筑。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，根据句意，空格处句子成分齐全，由上文的question可知，用whether“是否”符合题意，故填
36、whether。7.Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and hopefully with time，the person wont be able to remember _ he is supposed to forget.【解析】考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作动词forget的宾语，故用what导该宾语从句，表示随着时间流逝，这个人就不会记得他应当忘记的事情了。故填what。8.While its wonderful for people _ Want to see what the
37、se museums offer and teach them, its not always the best for the museums facing increasing hardships in terms of Funding.【解析】考查定语从句关系词。此处是定语从句，先行词为people，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。9.If she had vision for three days, Xiong said, she would like to see with her eyes_ the piano that accompanie
38、s her for more than a decade looks like.【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：熊小姐说，如果她能有三天的视力，她想亲眼看看陪伴她十多年的钢琴是什么样子的。宾语从句中缺少介词like的宾语，且是指物。故填what。10.Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. _ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and p
39、ointed down the river.【解析】考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。11._most kids were going to the movies on weekends, George preferred to design his own special projects.【解析】考查状语从句。大多数孩子喜欢在周末看电影，而George却喜欢设计他自己
40、的小项目。While放在句首表示“虽然”，符合句子让步状语的关系。故填While/Though/Although。12.George got excellent grades and was admitted into both Harvard and Yale, but he decided to go to Stanford _ there were many opportunities for people that wanted to work in Silicon Valley.【解析】考查连词。但是他最终决定去斯坦福，因为那里有更多机遇。这是个原因状语从句，根据句意可知，此处需用b
41、ecause或since引导，故填because/since。13.It marked the successful conclusion of Chinas current three-step lunar exploration program of orbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, _ began in 2004.【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Chinas current three-step lunar exploration program，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引
42、导。故填which。14.I first have to remove all the rotten parts, and sometimes, _ is left isnt enough for my designs.【解析】考查主语从句。句意：首先我必须移除所有腐烂的部分，有时，剩下的部分不足以满足我的设计。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物应用what引导。故填what。15._he wants to convey, the writer is expected to be good at summarization and Chinese to produce a couplet
43、with several characters that is excellent in both content and language.【解析】考查状语从句。句意：无论想要表达什么，作者都需要精通汉语和总结，用几个字写出一副内容和语言都很好的对联。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用whatever作convey的宾语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Whatever。16.But the good news is_ some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma.【解析】考查表语从句。句意：但好消息是一些登山者现在正在从
44、事清扫珠穆朗玛峰的工作。分析句子机构可知，此处是表语从句，从句some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma的句子成分和句意都是完整的，所以用连接词that。故填that。17.But its not the fact_0nly people with bad handwriting are attracted to the medical field.【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：但这并不是说只有书写不好的人才会被医学领域所吸引。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整
45、，故用that引导。故填that。18.The tables quickly turned for an 89-year-old pizza delivery driver _ received a surprise delivery of his own from regulars.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：很快，一位89岁的披萨外卖司机迎来了转机，他收到了来自“常客”的惊喜。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰driver，从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who或者that，故填who/that。19.A car crash left Ian, a six-year-old boy, w
46、ith brain damage. _ he had loved surfing before the accident, he was too nervous to go back into the water.【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然事故发生前他很喜欢冲浪，但他太紧张了，不敢再下水。分析句子结构，再结合句意可知是Although/Though引导的让步状语从句，故填Although/Though。20.The rising number of wild birds in the reserve has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, _
47、are able to spot oriental storks (东方白鹤) and other wild birds even outside the reserve.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：保护区内野生鸟类数量的增加给观鸟者带来了好处，他们甚至可以在保护区外看到东方鹳和其他野生鸟类。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为birdwatchers，所以用关系代词who。故填who。21.As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry, _ can cause colds or coug