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1、【考前技能篇5】七选五阅读理解的解题技巧l 题材以说明文为主,但应注意考查记叙文、议论文的可能性，复习时也应注意；l 包含新课标中的全部主题语境，但以人与社会主题为主；l 标题时有时无；l 设空以短中、段首为主，段中是考察重点，断尾一般最多设一题；一、思维导图位置解题法句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：挖空位置逻辑关系具体解读段首题主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起
2、来。段中题例证关系前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。转折关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有： but, however, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, on the contrar
3、y, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such .that ., so that .等。递进关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, simila
4、rly, whats more, whats worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not . but ., not only . but also等。并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some . others .; for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last等。段尾题总结句用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。承上启下句此空处的答案能
5、够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。例子1_40_ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.AYou will stick to your diet.BYou
6、r quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or
7、youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空处位于段首，应是该段落的小标题。该段的主要内容是“如果晨练，你就更有可能会坚持一整天吃健康的食物”，故该段的主旨是“坚持健康饮食”；再结合本段中的“healthy food”“junk food”与A项中的diet相关，故选A。例子2Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. _38_ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for
8、the whole day, not in your sleep.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you continue to burn calories thr
9、oughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空处位于段中，属于段中题。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢，能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F项“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗卡路里”中的关键词“throughout the day”与文中的“the whole day”呼应。故选F。例子3The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceil
10、ings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. _40_.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really
11、a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析该空位于段尾，应属于总结句。根据空前的“the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知，大型物品的颜色选择所需要
12、的时间、精力、费用很大，这恰与F项构成因果关系。 技能1原词重复信息原词复现是指一个句子中的关键词(常为动词、名词、形容词)会反复出现在文中的其他句子中。这些词会以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。如：“looks”与“looking”“looked”；“go”与“going”“went”等。根据语言习惯，第一句的宾语往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同、重叠的词语。因此，要学会寻找空格前后句句中的相同关键词。【例】2021全国卷甲Invite 510 people so you have a nice selection. 37.Less people than that, an
13、d there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable._38_.They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.ALess people than thatBHold a clothing swapCIf two people are competingDJust keep music playing throughoutEDonate wha
14、tever clothes are left overFHave everyone put their clothes in the right spotsGTell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition解析：本题考查原词复现。本段空白后“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their new clothes home.”讲他们还应准备大量的可回收的袋子，来把“新”衣服带回家。其中的“clothes”原词复现是解题提示，同时“new”表明衣服应该是好的，
15、对应G选项中的“clean”“in good condition”。技能2代词重复信息为了避免与上文提到的名词重复，用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。如：it指代单数名词、不可数名词、句子；they指代复数名词；ones泛指复数名词。还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。【例】2021浙江卷1月Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long，snaking linecalled a serpentine lineand serve each person
16、 at the front with the next available register. _34_ This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line，a long delay at one register wont unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead，it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall
17、.AWhy does this always seem to happen to you?BSo why dont most places encourage serpentine lines?CSome of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.DThe chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.EHow high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?FWith th
18、ree registers，this method is much faster than the traditional approach.GBut sometimes，as on a Sunday afternoon，the system gets particularly busy.解析：本题考查上下文衔接。前一段提到如果商店中排起了三个结账的队伍，那么结账时延误情况的出现是随机的。本段提到研究人员为解决这一问题，想出了一个好办法：让所有人排成一队，排在最前面的人到可用的收银机处结账。F 项能很好地承接上文，同时F项中的this method是空后This的指代对象，代词重复是一个很好的
19、解题信号。技能3派生词重复信息派生词重复信息是指文中选项位置的前后两句中出现意义相关的派生词，因表达的需要而重复出现一到两次，重复出现的过程中，上下文存在着逻辑关系，起着前后衔接作用，这有利于做题时锁定关键词，找出正确答案。【例】2021全国卷乙And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If youre faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party，the only thing that always gets everyone talking again i
20、s to give the host a compliment (赞扬). _40_.Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”AHow do you know the hostBThe first step is to go exploringCIf you ask the question “How did you get here？”DBe prepared to have awkward conversations w
21、ith strangersE. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayFWhat about that person who has had too much to drink or wont stop talkingGHe or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most解析：考查上下文衔接。本段主要讲面对“dinner-party killer：awkward silence”(晚宴杀手：尴尬的
22、沉默)时应该怎么办。根据空前的“the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬)”可知，解决办法是赞扬晚宴的主人，G项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most”(他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人)符合语境。G选项中的“He or she”指代the host，“awkwardness”同义复现也是解题提示。技能4同义重复信息此处的同义多指意义相同
23、或相近的词、词组或句子，如room和space。【例】2021浙江卷1月If there are three lines in the store，delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability：_33_ So its not just in your mind：Another line probably is moving faster.AWhy does this always seem to happen to you?BSo why dont most places enco
24、urage serpentine lines?C.Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.DThe chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.EHow high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?FWith three registers，this method is much faster than the traditional approach.GB
25、ut sometimes，as on a Sunday afternoon，the system gets particularly busy.解析：考查上下文衔接。空前的probability与D项中的chances和one in three呼应，同时D项与空后一句“So its not just in your mind：Another line probably is moving faster”呼应，符合语境。技能5反义重复信息顾名思义，此处指上下文中有互为相反词义的单词、短语或者意思相反的句子。【例】2021全国卷甲A successful swap depends on the s
26、election of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. Its really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.Invite 5 10 people so you have a nice selection. _37_， and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.ALess people
27、 than thatBHold a clothing swapCIf two people are competingDJust keep music playing throughoutEDonate whatever clothes are left overFHave everyone put their clothes in the right spotsGTell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition解析：根据本段空白处后文“more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable”，超过510人，则无法控制，可知分号前后是两个相反意义的对比关系，根据反义信息“more than”，可以推理得知空白处想表达人太少的含义。