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1、从句专项总结练习 英语句子分为简单句,并列句和复合句.其中复合句是指通过引导词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起的句子.引导词引导的句子就是从句.初中主要学习了_,_和_,此外还有_,_,_(高中学习).从从 句句宾语从句 定语从句状语从句主语从句 表语从句同位语从句1.主语+系动词+表语+定语.2.主语+谓语+宾语.3.主语(定语)+谓语+宾语(定语)+状语是一个句子,则是表语从句是一个句子,则是主语从句是一个句子,则是宾语从句是一个句子,则是定语从句是一个句子,则是状语从句同位语的位置是一个句子,则是同位语从句summary:宾语从句:1.在复合句中,宾语位置是一个句子,这个句子就是宾语从句
2、._和_后是宾语.(注意双宾语时,发出宾语从句的动词可能不和从句紧挨着.另外有时发出宾语从句的动词后面可能有副词修饰,这时也不紧挨着,一定要能辨认出来)2.作为宾语从句的简单句是陈述句时,关联词用_,可省略.作为宾语从句的简单句是一般疑问句时,关联词用_.宾语从句的语序一定是_语序.作为宾语从句的简单句是特殊疑问句时,关联词用_.宾语从句的语序一定是_语序.3.关联词that通常可省略.但以下情况不可以省略._._._.that陈述句介词陈述句特殊疑问词动词宾语从句的主语是that 主句和宾语从句之间有插入语if/whether宾语从句是前面动词的直接宾语宾语从句从句4.作为宾语从句的简单句是
3、一般疑问句时,关联词用if/whether.通常情况下if和whether可以互换,但以下几种情况只能用whether._ _ _5.学学学学习宾语习宾语从句从句从句从句,注意的两大注意的两大注意的两大注意的两大问题问题 宾语从句的语序一定是_语序.宾语从句的时态要和主句_.主句是现在时态,从句_.主句是过去时态,从句用_.具体归纳为:一般现在时变_,一般过去时变_,现在进行时变_,过去进行时不变,一般将来时变_,过去将来时不变.现在完成时变_,过去完成时不变.如果是客观真理,用_.6.6.当宾语从句由疑问句充当当宾语从句由疑问句充当,而主句和从句的主语一致时而主句和从句的主语一致时,可以写成
4、可以写成_的省略形式的省略形式.宾语从句中有or not动词不定式前介词后陈述句保持一致该用什么时态用什么时态过去的相应时态一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时一般现在时特殊疑问词+to do宾语从句从句7.7.当主句的当主句的谓语动词谓语动词think/suppose/guess/believe/imagine/consider/expectthink/suppose/guess/believe/imagine/consider/expect等等,而主而主语语又是第又是第一人称一人称时时,从句的否定要从句的否定要_._.其反其反义义疑疑问问句与句与_一致一致.而主而主语语不是第
5、一人称的与不是第一人称的与_一致一致.Exercise:Exercise:写出句子的反写出句子的反义义疑疑问问句及回答句及回答.1.1.I dont think he can swim.(I dont think he can swim.(我我认为认为他不会游泳他不会游泳.)I dont think he can swim,can he?Yes,he canI dont think he can swim,can he?Yes,he can(不不,他会他会)./No,he cant/No,he cant(是的是的,他不他不会会).2.We think he is wrong.2.We thin
6、k he is wrong.We think he is wrong,isnt he?Yes,he isWe think he is wrong,isnt he?Yes,he is(是的是的,他是他是)./No,he isnt./No,he isnt.(不不,他不是他不是)3.They think that the news is true.3.They think that the news is true.They think that the news is true,dont they?Yes,they doThey think that the news is true,dont t
7、hey?Yes,they do(是的是的,他是他是)/No,they/No,they dont.dont.(不不,他他们们不是不是)4.He doesnt think cats are the cleverest animals.4.He doesnt think cats are the cleverest animals.He doesnt think cats are lovely animals,does he?Yes,he does/No,he He doesnt think cats are lovely animals,does he?Yes,he does/No,he does
8、nt.doesnt.前移从句从句主句不,他认为/是的,他不认为.表表语从句和主从句和主语从句从句1.1.表表语语从句从句:在复合句中,_后面如果是一个句子,这个句子就是表语从句.引导表语从句的连接词有:_等.注意注意没有没有if if.表表语语从句引从句引导词导词后面也是后面也是_语语序序.2.2.主主语语从句从句:在复合句中,主语位置如果是一个句子,这个句子就是主语从句.引导主语从句的词有:_等.注意注意没有没有if if.主主语语从句引从句引导词导词后面也是后面也是_语语序序.为了避免头重脚轻为了避免头重脚轻,主语从句可以放在后面主语从句可以放在后面,即即,_,_结构结构,其中其中that
9、that从句是主语从句是主语,it,it是是_._.句子作主语时谓语动词用句子作主语时谓语动词用_,_,除非句子明确表达复数意义除非句子明确表达复数意义.主语从句的时态主语从句的时态不受主句时态限制不受主句时态限制,该是什么时态就是什么时态该是什么时态就是什么时态.引引导词导词thatthat通常通常和表和表语语从句一从句一样样不省略不省略.在句中在句中不充当任何成分不充当任何成分,也也无无词义词义.whether,who,why,where,when,because,as if,whatwhich,how,which,how,that,陈陈述句述句形式主语形式主语that,whether,w
10、ho,why,where,when,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,howwhose,whatever,whoever,how陈陈述句述句It is+adj./n./pp+thatIt is+adj./n./pp+that从句从句单单数数系动词定定语从句从句1.1.在复合句中,定语位置是一个句子,这个句子就是定语从句.被定语从句修饰的词或短语叫_,引导定语从句的词,叫_,如_等.关系词指代_,在定语从句中充当一定的成分.2.2.先行词是人时,关系词在定语从句中如果充当主语,用_,不可省略.如果充当宾语,关系词可用_,可省略.如果关系词后是名词,用_
11、.表所属关系.3.先行词是物时,关系词用_,充当主语时不可省略.4.先行词是reason时,关系词用_.5.先行词是时间时,关系词在从句中充当宾语和主语时用_,充当状语时用_或者_.6.先行词是地点时,关系词在从句中充当宾语和主语时用_,充当状语时用_或者_.who/thatwhich,which,that,先行词who,why,where,when,which,whom,whose先行词关系词/引导词who/whom/thatwhosewhosewhich/thatwhywhich/thatwhen介词+whichwhich/thatwhere介词+which定定语从句从句7.定语从句中只能
12、用that作关系代词的情况._8.定语从句中只能用which作关系代词的情况._9.关系词that/which/who充当从句主语时,谓语动词的数和_保持一致.10.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和_,区别在于非限制性定语从句与主句用_隔开,起补充说明作用.如果没有它,不影响句子完整.先行词有人有物先行词有the only,the very,the last,all,no,little,few,any等限制词主句是以which或who开始的特殊疑问句先行词有序数词或最高级限定先行词是all,something等不定代词时先行词关系代词前有介词时非限制性定语从句逗号先行词本身为that,those等
13、定定语从句从句7.定语从句中只能用that作关系代词的情况._8.定语从句中只能用which作关系代词的情况._9.关系词that/which/who充当从句主语时,谓语动词的数和_保持一致.10.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和_,区别在于非限制性定语从句与主句用_隔开,起补充说明作用.如果没有它,不影响句子完整.先行词有人有物先行词有the only,the very,the last,all,no,little,few,any等限制词主句是以which或who开始的特殊疑问句先行词有序数词或最高级限定先行词是all,something等不定代词时先行词关系代词前有介词时非限制性定语从句逗号先
14、行词本身为that,those等状状语从句从句1.句子中充当状语的是句子,这个句子就是状语从句.英语中用来说明地点,时间,原因,目的,结果,条件,方向,程度,方式,伴随状况等的句子成分称为_.所以状语从句可分为_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_等.状语从句都必须有一个_来引导,这些连词都是有意义的.2.条件状语从句:引导词有:_ _ _.含有条件状语从句的复合句中如果主句是_ _或_,则从句用_,简称”主将从现”.时间状语从句:引导词有:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _等.其中when从句的谓语动词可以是延续性和_动词.而while从句的谓语动词只能是_.如果主句和从句都是进行时用_.as强调_
15、._后通常加过去时的从句,这时主句通常用_时.by the time后如果是一般过去时,主句用_.比较状语从句时间时间状状语语从句从句原因状语从句地点状地点状语语从句从句状语方式状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句目的状语从句连词连词if ifunlessunlessas long asas long as一般将来一般将来时时祈使句祈使句含有情含有情态动词态动词一般一般现现在在时时whenwhenwhilewhile asasafterafterbeforebeforeas soon asas soon assincesinceuntill/tilluntill/tillby the
16、timeby the time非延非延续续性性延延续续性的性的whilewhile一一边边一一边边 sincesince现现在完成在完成过过去完成去完成时时状状语从句从句含_,_,_,_,_和_复合句也适用主将从现.结果状语从句:引导词:_,_和_._以致讲时表结果,以便于讲时是目的状语从句.so/suchthat往往和tooto,enough to句型可以转换.Exercise:1.This box is so heavy that I cant carry it.同义句:_ _ 2.This room is so small that we cant live in it.同义句:_ _a
17、s soon aswhilewhilebeforeafterafterwhensuchthat so thatsothatso thatuntilThis box is too heavy for me to carry.This box is too heavy for me to carry.This box isnt light enough for me to carry.This box isnt light enough for me to carry.其其宾语宾语在前面在前面,不及物不及物动动词词后面的介后面的介词词不要不要丢丢掉掉.其其宾语宾语在前面在前面,所以不再所以不再+i
18、t+itThis room is too small for us to live in.This room is too small for us to live in.suchthatsuchthat和和sothatsothat的区的区别别同同suchsuch和和so:1._2._so:1._2._3._4._3._4._5._._5._.This room isnt big enough for us to live in.This room isnt big enough for us to live in.adj.+adj.+不可数不可数n/nn/n复数复数such+a/an+adj
19、.+nsuch+a/an+adj.+n单单数数such+such+so/suchthat后+句子另两个结构to后+(forsb.)+动词原形so+adj./adv.so+adj./adv.so+adj+.a/an+nso+adj+.a/an+n单单数数so+many/so+many/much/few/little+nmuch/few/little+n状状语从句从句原因状语从句:引导词有:_,_,_.回答why时必须用_.语气最强_和_不能用于同一个句子._既然,语气较弱,表间接的附带原因._由于,语气更弱,表显而易见的原因.让步状语从句:引导词有:_,_,_和_._和_不在同一个句子中使用,但
20、可以和_连用._还可以作副词,用在句尾.让步状语从句也遵循主将从现原则.比较状语从句:引导词有:_,_,_和_等.Exercise:Tom isnt as/so hard-working as Tony.同义句:_目的状语从句:引导词有:_和_,可译成目的是,以便于,为了.地点状语从句:引导词有:_(在的地方)等.方式状语从句:引导词有:_(好像,似乎),_(以的方式)soasasbecausesincesincebecauseeven though/even ifno matteralthoughthoughbecausesincesinceasasyetyetbutbut+特殊疑特殊疑问词
21、问词/特殊疑特殊疑问词问词evereverin order thatin order thatalthough/thoughalthough/thoughnot so/as asnot so/as asasasasasthe same asthe same asthoughthanthanTom is less hard-working than Tony.Tom is less hard-working than Tony.wherewhereso thatso thatas if/thoughas if/thoughthe waythe way一.选择题:1._is a pity_I di
22、dnt meet him yesterday.A.That that B.This it C.it that2.Tom can speak English very well,_he is only four.A.as long as B.although C.as if3.The girl is _young_she cant look after herself.A.so that B.such that C.too to4.Iwill call you when I_there tomorrow.A.get B.will arrive at C.willreach5.I cant rem
23、ember all people and things_I have met.A.which B.who C.that6._Igottotheparty,mostofmyfriendhadshownup.A.After B.As soon as C.BythetimeCBAACit is+n.+that从句,it形式主语,that从句是真正的主语,主语从句.尽管只有四岁so修饰形容词C时间状语从句,主将从现二空儿后句子,C不行过去完成时的标志先行词既有人又有物,引导词用that7.Dalian is the best city_I have visited.A.which B.that C.w
24、here8.The first person who_tothe line will get a gift.A.run B.ran C.runs9.Another popular idea is_Stonehenge might be a kind of calendar.A.what B.that C.which10.We dont believe it can be children playing,_?A.do we B.do you C.can it11.I wonder who _to camping with me.A.you will go B.will go C.go will
25、12.I wonder who _to camping with?A.I will go B.will go C.will I go13.He told children that there_four seasons in a year.A.were B.was C.areBCBCB先行词前有最高级,引导词只能用that表语从句,意思完整,that引导A引导词who指代先行词perpson,作主语,单数主句主语一人称,谓语believe,否定前移,反义疑问句跟从句一致.宾语从句的主语是who,所以who后 直接+助动词宾语从句中who作with的宾语,who后陈述句语序客观真理用一般现在时C
26、14.I went to my favorite tea place _it was two blocks from my office.A.because B.so that C.even if15.I joined the others outside to see _was going on.A.that B.which C.what16._ his father said made him think carefully.A.what B.that C.which17.Why dont you ask Alice to join you_you do something with Ju
27、lie?A.before B.each time C.as soon as18._Im from,were pretty relaxed about time.A.where B.when C.which19.We see_many of our friends_we can.A.as as B.so as C.so that20.The music brings us back to the old days_people trusted each other.A.which B.while C.whenCCABA即使谓语动词前主语从句,主语从句不完整,没有说的内容,填whatA动词后宾语从
28、句,什么正在发生每次,引导时间状语从句我来自的地方,引导地点状语从句尽我们所能先行词是时间,在定语从句中作状语,所以用whenC21._she was studying abroad in England,she heard a song.A.When B.while C.as long as22.Could you tell me _the meeting will be held today or not?A.whether B.if C.who23.What he needs_ the shirt of a happy person to wear.A.is B.are C.does24
29、.Basketball is a much-loved and active sport_is enjoyed by many.A.B.what C.that25.Basketball was invented by a doctor named James,_was born in 1861.A.who B.that C.it26.Being blind is something_most people cant imagine.A.which B.that C.who27.Yesterday he went to the village_his family lives before.A.
30、which B.when C.whereBAACA过去进行时,用while主语从句,句子作主语当三单B和whether连用引导词指代先行词sport,作定语从句的主语,不能省略非限制性定语从句,先行词是人,用who,不用that先行词是不定代词,引导词用that指代先行词village,作定语从句的状语C二.分析下列复合句含有什么从句.1.Amy isnt the only one who is good at recycling.2.No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.3.You can s
31、ave electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room.4.That is because he was a really good student.5.Whether he will come here or not depends on his mood.be动词一定是谓语动词,两个谓语动词,所以两个句子第二个句子修饰限定表语,是定语从句助动词一定是谓语动词的一部分,两个谓语两个句子.第二个句子在动词show后是宾语从句情态动词一定是谓语动词的一部分,两个谓语两个句子.第二个句子表示时间,是状语从句.两个谓语两个句子.
32、第二个句子在系动词后面,是表语从句.实义动词变三单,一定是谓语,两个谓语两个句子.第一个句子在谓语动词depends前面,是主语从句.6.Many people regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed.7.So you can choose to go whenever you like.8.She also has a teenage granddanghter about my age who is really kind.9.Historian thinks this cant be true because
33、 Stonehenge was built so many centuries ago.10.Teenagers often think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want.10.He needs to think about what will happen if he doesnt end up as a professional runner.11.The expressions they use might depend on whom they are speaking to or how well they know each other.所以granddanghter是第二个句子的先行词,定语从句作regard的状语第二个句子动词后,宾语从句第二个句子是动词regard的宾语,是宾语从句作granddaughter的定语引导让步状语从句.三个谓语三个句子引导原因状语从句if引导条件状语从句引导比较状语从句四个谓语四个句子作expressions的定语从句作介词on的宾语从句第二个句子介词后,宾语从句谢谢谢谢 谢谢谢谢 观观观观 看看看看