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1、七天突破七天突破英语常用知识英语常用知识-2-第1天动词过去式、过去分词的变化规则动词过去式、过去分词的变化规则1.一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如:workworkedplayplayedwantwantedactacted2.以不发音的e结尾的动词,动词词尾加-d,如:livelivedmovemovedtastetastedhopehoped3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y变为i再加-ed,如:studystudiedcopycopiedcrycriedcarrycarried4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stoppedbeggeddra
2、ggeddroppedplanneddotted-3-5.以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母regretregrettedregrettingcontrolcontrolledcontrollingadmitadmittedadmittingoccuroccurredoccurringpreferpreferredpreferringreferreferredreferringforgetforgettingpermitpermittedpermittingequipequippedequipping注意:quarrel,signal,travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(
3、美国英语)-4-易错词形易错词形,精准拼写精准拼写1.absentabsencen.2.actactionn.activity活动actor男演员actress女演员3.adaptadaptationn.4.admireadmirableadj.admirationn.5.admitadmissionn.6.agricultureagriculturaladj.7.amuseamusementn.8.anxiousanxietyn.9.applyapplicationn.applicant申请人10.appointappointmentn.11.appreciateappreciationn.
4、12.approveapprovaln.13.argueargumentn.14.arrangearrangementn.15.arrivearrivaln.16.assistassistancen.assistantn.(助手)17.athleteathleticadj.18.attractattractionn.attractiveadj.19.beautifulbeautyn.20.behavebehaviorn.21.believebeliefn.22.benefitbeneficialadj.23.bravebraveryn.24.carecarefuladj.carelessadj
5、.(粗心的)25.cautioncautiousadj.-5-核心短语核心短语,盯住盯住“小词小词”1.absentfrom缺席2.accessto接近;进入3.byaccident偶然地;无意地4.accountfor说明;足以说明onaccountof因为的缘故take.intoaccount考虑到;顾及;体谅takeintoconsideration(consider)考虑5.accusesb.ofsth.=chargesb.withsth.控告某人某事6.beaccustomedtodoing(do)sth.习惯于(做)某事7.takeanactivepartin积极参加-6-8.ad
6、apt.to.适应adjustoneselfto使适应adapt.from.由改编9.addto增加inaddition(add)to除之外还有10.admiresb.fordoingsth.羡慕某人做某事11.admission(admit)to/into得到的许可12.inadvance预先aheadoftime提前13.haveaneffecton对有影响14.attheageof在岁时15.ontheair播送byair乘飞机intheair在空中-7-18.answerfor对负责inanswerto作为对的答复19.apartfrom除去20.apologizetosb.fordo
7、ingsth.为做某事向某人道歉makeanapologytosb.forsth.为某事向某人道歉-8-9-熟词生义熟词生义,发散思维发散思维1.ache(熟义:v.&n.疼痛)Hewasachingforhome.(v.渴望)2.address(熟义:v.写地址n.地址)Thechairmanwilladdressthemeetingonhowtoprotecttheenvironment.(vt.向发表演说)3.advance(熟义:v.&n.前进,推进)Sheaskedforanadvanceonhersalary.(n.预付款)4.against(熟义:prep.反对;逆着;依靠;与竞
8、争)Thepicturelooksniceagainstthewhitewall.(prep.以为背景;映衬)5.air(熟义:n.空气;航空)Theprogramwillfirstgoonairat6amthisSunday.(n.广播)-10-6.announce(熟义:vt.宣布)Warmsunshineannouncesthecomingofthespring.(vt.预示着)7.about(熟义:prep.关于;周围;附近)Ihavenomoneyabout/onme.(prep.带在身上)8.around(熟义:prep.四周,周围)Illbebackataround5oclock
9、.(adv.大约)9.balance(熟义:v.&n.平衡)Imustcheckmybankbalance.(n.差额;余款)Theschoolaimstobalancetheamountoftimespentonartsandsciencesubjects.(v.权衡)Hislackofexperiencewasbalancedbyawillingnesstolearn.(v.相抵;抵消)10.bar(熟义:n.棒,条;酒吧)Poorhealthmaybeabartosuccessinlife.(n.障碍)-11-11.back(熟义:adv.&n.后面)Ifyoubackyourcarou
10、tofthedriveway,Icangetminein.(vt.使倒退)Manyofhisfriendsbackedhisplan.(vt.支持)12.blue(熟义:adj.&n.蓝色)IfeltbluewhenIfailed.(adj.忧伤的)13.build(熟义:v.建设)Theathletehasasolidbuild.(n.身材;体形)14.badly(熟义:adv.坏地,恶劣地)Theywantedtowinsobadly.(adv.很,非常)15.cause(熟义:v.致使)Wearestrugglingforrevolutionarycause.(n.事业)-12-第2天可
11、数名词复数形式的变化规则可数名词复数形式的变化规则1.规则变化-13-注意:以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es,它们是:英雄吃土豆、西红柿,即heroes,potatoes,tomatoes。名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,作定语的man或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:womandoctorwomendoctors-14-2.不规则变化常见单复数同形的名词Chinese中国人;means方式;works工厂;sheep绵羊;deer鹿;series系列;fish鱼;fruit水果等。其中fish,fruit表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits。自身有特殊变化的
12、名词child孩子childrenman男人menfoot脚,英尺feettooth牙teethmedium传播媒介mediamouse老鼠micephenomenon现象phenomena-15-3.有些名词通常只用作复数。如:glasses眼镜,clothes衣服,goods货物,trousers裤子,belongings所有物,wages工资,surroundings环境,ashes灰尘,cattle牛,congratulations祝贺等。有些固定搭配中的名词通常用复数。如:havewordswithsb.同某人吵架,inhighspirits情绪高昂,giveonesregardst
13、osb.向某人问候,inrags衣衫褴褛,havegoodmanners有礼貌等。易错词形易错词形,精准拼写精准拼写1.celebratecelebrationn.2.centrecentraladj.3.challengechallengingadj.4.cheercheerfuladj.5.chemistrychemicaladj.chemistn.(化学家)6.choosechoicen.7.collectcollectionn.collectorn.(收藏家)petitorn.(竞争者)9.concludeconclusionn.10.confidentconfidencen.11.c
14、ongratulatecongratulationn.12.considerconsiderationn.considerateadj.13.convenientconveniencen.inconvenientadj.(反义词)-16-14.curiouscuriosityn.15.dangerdangerousadj.16.deaddeathn.17.decidedecisionn.18.deepdepthn.19.describedescriptionn.20.determinedeterminationn.-17-核心短语核心短语,盯住盯住“小词小词”1.appealto吸引;呼吁2.
15、applyfor申请applyto适用于;运用于3.approachto的途径4.approveofsth.赞成某事5.arguewithsb.about/oversth.与某人关于某事争执6.takesth.inonesarms抱着某物7.showsb.around带领某人参观8.makearrangements(arrange)for为作安排9.on/upononesarrival在某人到达时10.burnsth.toashes把烧为灰烬11.beashamedofoneself为自己感到羞愧-18-12.attachto附属于;贴上;系上attachimportance(importan
16、t)to.认为重要13.inonesattempttodosth.试图做某事14.inautumn在秋天intheautumnof2014在2014年的秋天intheearlyautumn在早秋15.on不填average平均起来above/beyondtheaverage超出平均水平16.beawareof意识到17.bebadatdoing不擅长bebadfor对有害处18.bebadly(bad)off贫困bewell(good)off富裕-19-19.base.on/upon以为基础bebased(base)on以为基础onthebasis(base)of以为基础20.maketheb
17、ed铺床21.onbehalfof代表22.forthetimebeing暂时23.benefitfrom从中获益forthebenefitofsb.为了某人的利益24.makethebestof尽量利用25.bebetter(good)off好转26.bybirth生来atbirth出生时givebirthto生产-20-21-熟词生义熟词生义,发散思维发散思维1.chance(熟义:n.机会)Imnotsureofwinningthespeechcontest,butletmetakeachance.(n.冒险)Ichancedtobepassingwhenshefellandhurthe
18、rself.(v.碰巧)2.count(熟义:n.&v.计算,数)Thereare10peopleintheclassroomcountingtwoteachers.(vt.包括)Itisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.(vi.有价值;重要)3.cost(熟义:v.花费n.费用,成本;代价)Joesbraveactioncosthimhislife.(v.以牺牲为代价)-22-4.cover(熟义:v.覆盖)Theyhadcovered20milesbeforedark.(v.走完一段路)Howmanypageshaveyoucovered?
19、(v.看完多少页书)Thediscussioncoveredawiderangeofsubjects.(v.涉及)HisstorywascoveredinChinaDaily.(v.报道)Hereis5pounds,whichshouldcoverallyourexpenses.(v.够付)5.cross(熟义:v.跨越,横穿n.十字)Dontbecrosswithhim.Afterall,hemeanttohelp.(adj.生气的)6.cut(熟义:vt.割)Buyerswillbargainhardtocutthecostofthehousetheywant.(v.削减)7.develo
20、p(熟义:v.发展;开发;研制)Didyouhavethefilmsdeveloped?(v.冲洗)Afterdevelopingastrangedisease,hedevelopedaninterestinmedicine.(vt.患病;逐渐形成)-23-8.digest(熟义:v.消化n.文摘)Istruggletodigestthenews.(v.理解,领悟)9.do(熟义:v.做,制作)Theshoeswontdoformountainclimbing.(v.行,适合)Everythingisdoingwell.(v.进展)10.down(熟义:adv.向下,在下面)Ihavebeen
21、downeversinceIheardthenews.(adj.情绪低落的)11.employ(熟义:v.雇用)Thepoliceemployedforcetoopenthedoor.(v.利用,使用)Shewasemployedinmakingalistofallthejobstobedone.(v.忙于)12.escape(熟义:v.逃跑;逃脱)Hisnameescapesmeforthemoment.(v.被忘掉;被忽视)-24-13.even(熟义:adv.甚至)Theroomshouldbekeptataneventemperature.(adj.均匀的,稳定的)Shesmiled,
22、showinghersmalleventeeth.(adj.差不多的;整齐的)“Ithinkyouaremistaken,”shesaidinaneventone.(adj.平静的;平和的)14.express(熟义:v.表达)IsthereanexpressfromNanjingtoShanghai?(n.快车)Illexpressthesedocumentstoyou.(v.快递)15.fail(熟义:v.失败)Trappedinatrafficjam,hefailedtocatchthetrain.(v.未能)Heisfailinginhealth./Hishealthisfailing
23、.(v.衰退,衰弱)Wordsfailedmetodescribemyfeeling.(vt.使失望;有负于;无能为力)-25-第3天常考不规则动词表常考不规则动词表(1)易错词形易错词形,精准拼写精准拼写1.developdevelopmentn.2.devotedevotionn.3.differdifferencen.differentadj.4.difficultdifficultyn.5.directdirectionn.directorn.(主管;导演)6.discoverdiscoveryn.7.discussdiscussionn.8.distantdistancen.9.ed
24、ucateeducationn.educatorn.(教育家)10.effecteffectiveadj.11.encourageencouragementn.12.energyenergeticadj.13.enjoyenjoyableadj.-26-15.evidentevidencen.16.expectexpectationn.17.explainexplanationn.18.expressexpressionn.19.facefacialadj.20.failfailuren.-27-核心短语核心短语,盯住盯住“小词小词”1.beblindinoneseyes眼睛瞎beblindt
25、osth.对视而不见2.atthebottomof在底部fromthebottomofonesheart从心底里3.outofbreath喘不过气来4.inbrief简而言之5.burntotheground把烧光6.beburied(bury)inthought出神沉思belostinthought陷入沉思7.getdowntobusiness着手办正事onbusiness出公差8.bymistake由于疏忽所致9.incaseof假使;如果发生-28-10.payincash付现钱paybycheck用支票支付11.catchsb.doing(do)sth.看见某人干某事becaught(
26、catch)in.被困住12.takeachance冒险13.becleverwith/at善于14.seize/takesb.bythecollar抓住某人的领口15.underconstruction(construct)在建设中16.becontentwith对满意17.onthecontrary与此相反18.contributeto有助于;促使makecontributions(contribute)to对做贡献-29-19.incontrol控制outofcontrol失去控制underthecontrolof在的控制下indanger在危险中outofdanger脱离危险20.co
27、nvincesb.ofsth.使某人相信21.atthecostof以代价22.counton指望23.becrowdedwith充满;满是24.becuriousabout对好奇-30-31-熟词生义熟词生义,发散思维发散思维1.fine(熟义:adj.美好的,很棒的,晴朗的)Themanwillbefinedifheparksthecarthere.(v.罚款)2.force(熟义:vt.强迫)Sheforcedherwaythroughthecrowdofreporters.(v.用力;强行移动)Heforcedasmilewhenhesawme.(v.挤出)3.fresh(熟义:adj
28、.新鲜的)Thereisashortageoffreshwaterontheisland.(adj.淡的,无盐的)Sheisquitefreshtoofficework.(adj.无经验的)4.fair(熟义:adj.公平的,合理的)Shehaslongfairhair.(adj.浅色的,白皙的)Anantiquefairwillbeheldinourcity.(n.商品交易会,展销会)-32-5.figure(熟义:n.数字,图形)IfiguredthatifItookthenighttrain,IcouldbeinScotlandbythemorning.(vt.认为;认定)Heisale
29、adingfigureinthemusic.(n.人物)6.gain(熟义:v.获得,赢得)Dontworry.Mywatchgains.Westillhavetime.v.(钟表)快Ihavegainedweightrecently.vt.增加(速度,重量)7.given(熟义:p.p.被给予)Givenhispoorhealth,hehadbetterhaveagoodrest.(prep.考虑到)-33-8.go(熟义:vi.去;变得)Thisinformationgoestoprovemypoint.(vi.对有帮助,有助于)Itgoesbyelectricity.(vi.机器运行,运
30、转,工作)Dideverythinggosmoothly?(v.进展)Thestorygoesthatshehasbeenmarried5times.v.(故事)发生情况如何Thecurtaindoesntgowiththecarpet.(vi.搭配)9.hit(熟义:v.击中,打击)Thefilmisquiteahitofthisyear.(n.成功;红极一时的人或事)IcouldntrememberwhereIdseenhimbefore,andthenithitme.(v.突然想起)-34-10.hot(熟义:adj.炎热的)Werewaitingforthehotnewsontheel
31、ectionresults.(adj.最新的)SheisoneofHollywoodshottestyoungdirectors.(adj.轰动的;走红的)11.ill(熟义:adj.生病的;坏的;不良的)Theanimalswereilltreated.(adv.坏地,糟糕地)12.inch(熟义:n.英寸)Heinchedthetabletothewall.v.(使)缓慢移动13.industry(熟义:n.工业,产业)Hissuccesswasduetohisindustry.(n.勤奋)14.just(熟义:adv.正好,恰好)ManyAmericansnolongerviewedit
32、asajustwar.(adj.公正的)Icanjustimaginehisreaction.(adv.完全地;真正地)-35-15.key(熟义:n.钥匙;答案)Thekeyfactorintheirsuccessishardwork.(n.&adj.关键性的人或物,关键的)-36-第4天常考不规则动词表常考不规则动词表(2)-37-易错词形易错词形,精准拼写精准拼写1.foolfoolishadj.2.foreignforeignern.3.forgetforgettableadj.4.fortunefortunateadj.5.freefreedomn.6.friendfriendlya
33、dj.friendshipn.(友谊)7.gentlegentlyadv.8.giftgiftedadj.9.globeglobaladj.10.goldgoldenadj.11.graduategraduationn.12.greetgreetingn.13.growgrowthn.14.harmharmfuladj.15.healthhealthyadj.healthilyadv.16.highheightn.17.hopehopefuladj.18.hungerhungryadj.19.illillnessn.20.impressimpressionn.impressiveadj.-38
34、-核心短语核心短语,盯住盯住“小词小词”1.indebt欠债outofdebt不欠债2.makeadecision作出决定3.deepintothenight深夜4.tosomedegree在某种程度上5.demandsb.ofsth.要求某人某事6.dependonitthat.相信7.bydesign故意8.withthedevelopment(develop)of随着的发展9.devote.todoing(do)=bedevoted(devote)todoing致力于;献身于10.inthedirectionof朝方向-39-11.divide.into把分为separate.from将
35、与分开12.dropinonsb.顺便走访某人dropinataplace顺便拜访某地13.on/attheedgeofthewoods在树林边14.beatanend结束;终结15.attheentrancetothevalley在峡谷入口处16.beequaltodoing(do)sth.胜任17.equipsb.withsth.用武装;给配备18.setanexampletosb.给某人树立榜样19.exchange.for以交换20.onexhibition在展出中21.beexpertat擅长22.beexposed(expose)to暴露于-40-23.intheeyeof在看来2
36、4.befamiliarwithsth.熟悉某物befamiliartosb.为某人所知25.befilledwith=befullof充满-41-42-熟词生义熟词生义,发散思维发散思维1.kid(熟义:n.小孩)Takeiteasy.Imjustkidding.(v.开玩笑;欺骗)2.kill(熟义:v.杀掉,害死)Weoftenkilltimebyplayingcards.v.消磨(时间)Hisjokekilledtheaudience.(vt.使笑得要死)3.last熟义:adj.最后的v.延续,够用(多久)Heisthelastpersontotellalie.(adj.最不可能的)
37、4.let(熟义:v.让)Thecoupledecidedtoletthesmallerflatatalowerprice.(v.出租)5.long(熟义:adj.&adv.长的/地,久的/地)Imlongingtoseeyouagain.(vi.渴望)-43-6.leave(熟义:v.离开;剩下;留下)Havingworkedhardforalongperiod,hedecidedtotakeamonthspaidleave.(n.休假)7.mean(熟义:v.意思是,意味着)Itsmeanofyoutospeakillofothers.(adj.自私的;卑鄙的;吝啬的)8.nobody(熟
38、义:pron.没有人)Hewantstobefamous.Heistiredofbeingnobody.(n.小人物)9.narrow(熟义:adj.狭窄的)Hehadanarrowescapewhenhiscarranontheice.(adj.勉强的,刚刚好的)10.occur(熟义:v.发生)Itneveroccurredtohimthathedidntpasstheexam.(v.被想到)-44-11.observe(熟义:vt.注意到,察觉到)DotheyobserveChristmasDayinthiscountry?(vt.庆祝节日,举行仪式等)Theworkersbelongi
39、ngtothefactorymustobservetherules.vt.遵守(规则、法律等)12.practice(熟义:n.实践;练习)Hemakesthepracticeofreadingnewspapersduringbreakfast.(n.惯例,习俗)asuccessfulmedical/dental/lawpracticen.(医师、律师的)工作、工作地点13.present(熟义:n.礼物adj.现在的;到场的)OnTeachersDay,studentsusuallypresentflowerstoteachers.(vt.赠送)-45-14.price(熟义:n.价格)We
40、allknowthathissuccesscomesataheavyprice.(n.代价)15.promise(熟义:v.&n.许诺)Thedarkcloudspromiserain.(v.有的希望;使有可能)-46-第5天常考不规则动词表常考不规则动词表(3)易错词形易错词形,精准拼写精准拼写1.informinformationn.2.injureinjuryn.3.instructinstructionn.4.intendintentionn.5.introduceintroductionn.6.inventinventionn.inventorn.(发明家)7.inviteinvit
41、ationn.8.judgejudg(e)mentn.9.kindkindnessn.10.laughlaughtern.11.leadleadern.12.longlengthn.13.loselossn.-47-14.luckluckyadj.15.majormajorityn.16.medicinemedicaladj.17.messmessyadj.18.mixmixturen.19.movemovementn.20.mudmuddyadj.-48-核心短语核心短语,盯住盯住“小词小词”1.freefrom/of免受2.freezing(freeze)cold冰冷freezing(fr
42、eeze)point冰点3.begifted(gift)inmusic有音乐才能4.onguard站岗;警惕onduty值班onvacation在度假中onholiday在度假offduty不上班5.beinpoorhealth身体虚弱6.learn.byheart背诵7.in不填height在高度方面attheheightof在高度-49-8.inhistory历史上9.hitsb.onthehead打某人的头10.inhonorof为纪念inhopeof怀着的希望11.bythehour按钟点onthehour准点地12.beimpressed(impress)by/at/withsth.
43、对有很深刻的印象impresssth.onsb.某事给某人留下深刻的印象13.inaword总之14.informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事15.beabsorbed(absorb)in全神贯注于beoccupiedindoing(do)sth.忙于某事;专心于某事-50-16.playajokeonsb.跟某人开玩笑17.judging(judge)by/from按照判断18.bejuniorto比低级beseniorto比高级19.knockinto撞上knockover打翻20.belameinoneleg一条腿瘸21.leadto导致22.atlength最后;详细地23.give
44、sb.alift让某人搭便车24.limit.to.把限制在之内25.liveuptoonesexpectation不辜负某人的期望-51-52-熟词生义熟词生义,发散思维发散思维1.particular(熟义:adj.特殊的)Sheisveryparticularaboutwhatsheeatsandwears.(adj.挑剔的,讲究的)2.press(熟义:n.&v.按,压)Shepressedacoinintohishandandmovedon.(vt.将塞进)Thepresswasnotallowedtoattendthetrail.(n.新闻界,出版社)3.raise(熟义:vt.提
45、高;饲养)Wehadtoraisemoneyforourproject.(vt.筹集)Cloninghasraisedsomepeoplesobjections.(vt.引起)-53-4.read(熟义:v.阅读)Ididntreadmymothersthoughtsatthattime.(v.理解,领会)Thethermometer(温度计)hasbeenreadingover90degreesallday.(v.指示;显示)Thelabelreads,“Suitableonlyforchildrenoverthere.”(v.写着)5.reason(熟义:n.原因vt.推理,推断)Itri
46、edtoreasonwithhim,buthewouldntlisten.(v.和某人讲道理,规劝)6.receive(熟义:vt.得到,收到)HewasreceivedasanhonoredguestattheWhiteHouse.(vt.接待;欢迎)7.reflect(熟义:v.映出;反射)Ireflectonpossiblereasonsformyfailure.(v.仔细考虑)-54-8.return(熟义:v.回来;归还)Doyouwantasingleorareturn?(n.来回车票)9.ripe(熟义:adj.成熟的)Theconditionswereripeforsocial
47、change.(adj.时机成熟的;适宜的)10.rest(熟义:v.&n.休息)Sherestedherheadonhisshoulder.(v.把倚靠在)Usuallyparentsresttheirhopeontheirchildren.(v.依靠,依赖)11.rich(熟义:adj.有钱的,富有的)arichchocolatedessert(adj.油腻的)richagriculturalland(adj.肥沃的)acountrywithrichnaturalresources(adj.丰富的)12.round(熟义:prep.&adv.环绕,围着adj.圆形的)Wearelosing
48、thegameinthelastroundduetoourcarelessness.(n.回合,局,轮,场)-55-13.run(熟义:v.跑)Myfatherrunsafruitshop.(vt.经营,管理)14.rush(熟义:v.迅速移动)Dontrushme.Ineedtimetothinkaboutit.(v.使仓促行事)15.say(熟义:vt.说)Saythatwarbreaksout,whatwillyoudo?(vt.假定)-56-第6天常考不规则动词表常考不规则动词表(4)-57-易错词形易错词形,精准拼写精准拼写1.musicmusicaladj.2.meaningmea
49、ningfuladj.3.nationnationaladj.nationality国籍4.naturenaturaladj.5.noisenoisyadj.6.officerofficialadj.(官方的)officiallyadv.7.operateoperationn.operator接线员8.painpainfuladj.9.poisonpoisonousadj.10.pollutepollutionn.11.possesspossessionn.12.possiblepossibilityn.possiblyadv.13.powerpowerfuladj.14.preferpref
50、erencen.15.preparepreparationn.16.pronouncepronunciationn.17.protectprotectionn.18.proudpriden.19.punishpunishmentn.20.politepolitenessn.politelyadv.-58-核心短语核心短语,盯住盯住“小词小词”1.makealiving谋生2.load.with.把装满beloaded(load)with满载3.make.toonesmeasure按照某人的尺寸做4.inmemoryof纪念5.atthemercyof听凭的摆布6.inamess一团糟7.bea