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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.CanadaA Reading AZ Level X Leveled BookWord Count:1,391WritingInvestigate more facts about Niagara Falls.Write a research report including information about the falls such as their size,number of visitors per year,and other relevant details.So
2、cial Studies and ArtCanadas national motto is“From sea to sea.”Choose a new motto for Canada.Then,make a poster that includes facts and pictures that support why you chose this as the new motto.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Elspeth LeacockCanadaLEVELED BOOK XLEVELED BOOK Xwww.readinga-What make
3、s Canada a diverse country?Focus QuestionWritten by Elspeth LeacockCanada16Glossarycamouflage(n.)the colors,patterns,or shapes of an animals body that allow it to blend into the background or hide(p.10)commonwealth(n.)a group of states or countries that are associated with each other(p.12)democratic
4、ally(adv.)in a way that allows people to have an equal vote or equal participation(p.5)diverse(adj.)different or distinct from one another;made up of different or distinct people or things(p.6)dominion(n.)land or an area owned by a government or ruler(p.12)First Nations(n.)people who lived in presen
5、t-day Canada before Europeans arrived or the descendants of those people(p.7)Inuit(n.)a group of Native people who live in the Arctic region of North America(p.7)Mtis(n.)a group of people with a mix of First Nations and European ancestry(p.7)migrating(v.)moving from one habitat or region to another
6、at a certain time each year(p.11)provinces(n.)the largest areas that some countries are divided into(p.5)traditional(adj.)of or relating to a long-established custom(p.7)tundra(n.)a cold,treeless Arctic region where the ground is always frozen(p.9)16CorrelationLEVEL XS4040Fountas&PinnellReading Reco
7、veryDRACanadaCountries Around the World Level X Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Elspeth LeacockAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:A mountain goat looks out over a river in Alberta,Canada.Title page:The northern lights glow in the Canadian nighttime sky.Page 3:Three young women wear the
8、Canadian flag on their way to an event.Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:Thomas Kitchin&Victoria Hurst/All Canada Photos/Getty Images;title page:Suranga Weeratunga/D;page 3:Rosanne Tackaberry/Alamy Stock Photo;page 5:Ingram Publishing/Thinkstock;page 6:Valentino Visentini/D;page 9(top):Songquan D
9、eng/123RF;page 9(bottom):CaptureLight/iStock/Thinkstock;page 10:David White/REX/Shutterstock;page 11(top):mediarich/iStock/Thinkstock;page 11(left):Natalia Pushchina/D;page 11(right):Jim Brandenburg/Minden Pictures;page 11(bottom):Chris Harris/All Canada Photos/Getty Images;page 13(left):Michel Lois
10、elle/123RF;page 13(top right):Steve Estvanik/123RF;page 13(bottom right):Vespasian/Alamy Stock Photo;page 14(top):Gregg Forwerck/National Hockey League/Getty Images;page 14(bottom):epa european pressphoto agency b.v./Alamy Stock Photo;page 15(top):3D_generator/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(bottom):Tdezs
11、o/DcamouflagecommonwealthdemocraticallydiversedominionFirst NationsInuitMtismigratingprovincestraditionaltundraWords to Know15Population:36,048,521Land:9,984,670 square kilometers(3,855,103 sq.mi.)Capital City:OttawaOfficial Languages:English and FrenchCurrency:Canadian dollarCanadaCanadaSource:Cent
12、ral Intelligence Agency(March 2016),World BankCanada Level X 153Canada Level XTable of ContentsWhere Is It?.4People .6Land .8Animals .10History .12Celebrations .13Conclusion .14Glossary .1614Ice hockey originated in Canada and is the countrys national sport.Players battle in a game in Montreal(top).
13、Canadian fans cheer their team(below).ConclusionCanada,one of the largest countries on Earth,includes regions of towering mountains,rolling plains,dense forests,frozen tundra,and endless rocky shores.Each region has its own plants,animals,resources,and people.The people who live there may speak Fren
14、ch,English,or one of many other languages,but they are all Canadian and proud of their cultural mosaic.4ATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANARCTIC OCEANCANADAGREENLAND(DENMARK)UNITED STATESAlaska(U.S.)Hudson BaySt.Lawrence RiverGreat LakesBritish ColumbiaNew BrunswickNewfoundland and LabradorAlbertaManitobaN
15、ova ScotiaOntarioPrince Edward IslandQuebecSaskatchewanNunavutNorthwest TerritoriesYukonOttawaHCalgaryCanadaCanadaWhere Is It?Canada is the northernmost country in mainland North America and the second-largest country on Earth.Large countries usually have many neighbors,but Canada has only onethe Un
16、ited States.The border between them is about 8,893 kilometers(5,525 mi.)long,making it the longest border in the world between two countries.Canadas national motto is“From sea to sea”because the country stretches from the Pacific Ocean in the west all the way to the Atlantic Ocean in the east and th
17、e Arctic Ocean to the north.13Calgary StampedeCanada DayQuebec Winter CarnivalCanada Level XCelebrationsCanada Day,the nations birthday,is on July 1.People celebrate with parades,barbecues,and fireworks.The largest celebration is held in Ottawa.The Calgary Stampede celebrates Canadas old west with b
18、ull riding,barrel racing,steer wrestling,bronc ridingeven chuck wagon racing.Called“The greatest outdoor show on Earth,”it attracts about a million visitors.Canadians have winter festivals,too,with dogsled races,skiing,and ice-skating.The Quebec Winter Carnival is the largest such festival in the wo
19、rld.There you can enjoy the snow-sculpture contest,visit an ice castle,and even stay in a hotel made of ice and snow that is built every winter and melts away every summer.5Ottawans skate on the 7.8 kilometer(4.8 mi.)long Rideau Canal with the Peace Tower in the background.Canada Level XCanadas 202,
20、080-kilometer(125,566 mi.)coastline encircles not only the vast mainland but over 52,000 islands as well.It is by far the worlds longest national coastline.Stretched out,it could circle the globe five times.Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories,each with its own democratically elect
21、ed legislature.Canadians also elect representatives to send to their Parliament in Ottawa,the countrys capital.There is a lot to see in Ottawa,and a good place to start is the observation deck of the 92-meter(302 ft.)Peace Tower.From there,visitors can see people boating on the Ottawa River or hikin
22、g in the citys many parks.In the winter they can also see people ice skating to work on the worlds largest skating area,the Rideau Canal.The city also boasts 267 other outdoor rinks.From the tower,they can view the stately Parliament buildings,museums,hotels,and theaters along with signs and adverti
23、sements in Arabic,Spanish,and Chinese.12HistoryFor many thousands of years,what is now Canada was home to self-governing First Nations people and the Inuit.The first Europeans to arrive were the Icelandic Vikings who sailed from Greenland more than one thousand years ago.Survival was difficult,and t
24、hey eventually left.In 1497,British explorer John Cabot arrived in what is today eastern Canada and claimed land for England.Later,French explorers also claimed lands.More French and more English explorers came to claim land.As they explored,they found two resources that helped make money back in Eu
25、rope:codfish and fur.This caused French and English traders to come,and colonies developed.During the 1400s to 1700s,France and England were often at war,and the conflicts spread to their colonies.With each peace treaty,Canadian lands were ceded to the winner,and eventually Great Britain won out.The
26、 colonies grew,but so did their desire for more independence.There were rebellions,but they failed until finally,in 1867,Britain allowed the colonies to become a dominion,with its democratic governments capital in Ottawa.In 1931,Canada became fully independent when it became part of the British Comm
27、onwealth of Nations.6PeopleWith one in every five people born in other countries,Canada is diverse.Most Canadians,however,do not think of themselves as a“melting pot,”in which different cultures blend together.Instead,many think of Canada as a“mosaic,”in which immigrants retain their culture and str
28、engthen the nation through diversity.Some of the first European settlers in the land we now call Canada were from France and England.Before Canada became a country,these people settled separate colonies that were often at war with each other.They had different languages and religions,but eventually
29、the groups learned to get along.Because of this,Canada has two official languages:French and English.People gather for a public event in Ottawa.11Canadian WildlifeCanadian WildlifeCanadians share their huge homeland with countless species of birds,fish,animals,and plants.The country works to protect
30、 the land,air,and water for people as well as the wildlife that lives there.Canada Level XAll around Canada are animals that survive the cold winter and lack of food by migrating.Many birds migrate,but so do some fish,whales,turtles,grazing animals,and even dragonflies.Huge herds of grazing caribou
31、move hundreds of miles from one part of Canada to another.Other animals go farther south,leaving Canada for a warmer climate.The champions for long-distance migration are the small but swift arctic terns.They fly from their breeding grounds in the Arctic all the way to Antarctica,a forty-day journey
32、 of some 35,500 kilometers(22,060 mi.).Then,six months later,they fly all the way back again.caribouhumpback whaleRocky Mountain goatarctic tern7Canada Level XMost Canadian Native peoples belong to three groups:First Nations,the Inuit,and the Mtis(may-TEE).First Nations people and Mtis live througho
33、ut the country,and the Inuit continue to live in the far north.Life in Native communities has changed over the years,but many who live in them continue to maintain traditional culture.For example,they teach about their history and learn to speak Native languages.Through the years,many immigrants cam
34、e from Germany and other European countries,as well as China,India,the Americas,and the Middle East.While richly diverse,this vast country is sparsely populated.Probably due to better farmland and access to waterways,most of its population90 percent,by some estimateslives within 160 kilometers(100 m
35、i.)of the countrys southern border.Many urban Canadians work in service industries such as tourism,transportation,or banking.Away from the cities,some people work to extract Canadas many resources such as oil,copper,and gold.Others farm the land or cut timber from the vast forests that blanket the c
36、ountry.Resources and manufactured goods are sold as far away as China,but most are traded across the border with the United States.10AnimalsIn the Arctic,a land of ice and snow,animals tend to be white in color.Their camouflage helps them survive.Polar bears have black skin,but their fur looks snow
37、white.Harp seal pups are hard to see because they,too,are white.The arctic fox has a white coat in winter but sheds it for a brown one when the snow melts.Beluga whales are white,as are birds such as the tundra swan.In the forests south of the Arctic,moose,beaver,black bears,and wolves all blend in
38、with the colors of the forest floor.The small animals of the grassy plains,such as ground squirrels and pocket gophers,dig underground tunnels to live in and raise their young.The best way to survive in the mountains is to be sure-footed.In the Rocky Mountains,goats and bighorn sheep have hooves tha
39、t are great for running,jumping,and rock climbing.harp seal pup8ATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANARCTIC OCEANCANADAGREENLAND(DENMARK)UNITED STATESAlaska(U.S.)Hudson BaySt.Lawrence RiverGreat LakesOttawaHRocky MountainsBaffin IslandRegions of CanadaRegions of CanadaCanadian ShieldInterior PlainsArctic Regi
40、onGreat Lakes St.Lawrence LowlandsHudson BayLowlandsCordilleraAppalachianLandCanada holds majestic mountains,vast plains,lakes,and endless forests.Parts of the north have ice and snow all year.Geographers divide the country into seven landform regions.In the east is the Appalachian region,with rolli
41、ng forested hills dotted by farms.Waterways define another region,the Great LakesSt.Lawrence lowlands.It is the smallest region but an important one,known as“Canadas heartland.”About half of all Canadians live in large cities in this region.9Niagara FallsNiagara FallsIn the Great LakesSt.Lawrence lo
42、wlands water plunges down 57 meters(188 ft.)at Niagara Falls.The part of the falls in CanadaHorseshoe Fallsis 670 meters(2,200 ft.)long.Tourists camp,hike,and canoe in parks in the Cordillera region.Canada Level XThe forested Canadian Shield is a huge region that wraps around Hudson Bay.Long ago,gla
43、ciers scraped the area clean of soil and exposed the rocky surface.When the glaciers melted,thousands of lakes formed.Within this wet region lies a cold,marshy area known as the Hudson Bay lowlands.The interior plains are grasslands in the south and forests in the north.Today the grasslands are used
44、 for raising livestock and growing grains.In the far west is the Cordillera region with great mountain chains.The highest are the Rocky Mountains,with snow-covered peaks reaching 3,954 meters(13,000 ft.).In between the mountains are fertile valleys where farmers grow fruit and other crops.To the north of all these regions and their forests lies the Arctic tundra,where freezing temperatures prevent any trees from growing.