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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.CanadaA Reading AZ Level X Leveled BookWord Count:1,391WritingInvestigate more facts about Niagara Falls.Write a research report including information about the falls such as their size,number of visitors per year,and other relevant details.So
2、cial Studies and ArtCanadas national motto is“From sea to sea.”Choose a new motto for Canada.Then,make a poster that includes facts and pictures that support why you chose this as the new motto.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Elspeth LeacockCanadaLEVELED BOOK XLEVELED BOOK Xwww.readinga-What make
3、s Canada a diverse country?Focus QuestionWritten by Elspeth LeacockCanadaCorrelationLEVEL XS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRACanadaCountries Around the World Level X Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Elspeth LeacockAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:A mountain goat looks out over a r
4、iver in Alberta,Canada.Title page:The northern lights glow in the Canadian nighttime sky.Page 3:Three young women wear the Canadian flag on their way to an event.Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:Thomas Kitchin&Victoria Hurst/All Canada Photos/Getty Images;title page:Suranga Weeratunga/D;page 3:R
5、osanne Tackaberry/Alamy Stock Photo;page 5:Ingram Publishing/Thinkstock;page 6:Valentino Visentini/D;page 9(top):Songquan Deng/123RF;page 9(bottom):CaptureLight/iStock/Thinkstock;page 10:David White/REX/Shutterstock;page 11(top):mediarich/iStock/Thinkstock;page 11(left):Natalia Pushchina/D;page 11(r
6、ight):Jim Brandenburg/Minden Pictures;page 11(bottom):Chris Harris/All Canada Photos/Getty Images;page 13(left):Michel Loiselle/123RF;page 13(top right):Steve Estvanik/123RF;page 13(bottom right):Vespasian/Alamy Stock Photo;page 14(top):Gregg Forwerck/National Hockey League/Getty Images;page 14(bott
7、om):epa european pressphoto agency b.v./Alamy Stock Photo;page 15(top):3D_generator/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(bottom):Tdezso/DcamouflagecommonwealthdemocraticallydiversedominionFirst NationsInuitMtismigratingprovincestraditionaltundraWords to Know3Canada Level XTable of ContentsWhere Is It?.4People
8、.6Land .8Animals .10History .12Celebrations .13Conclusion .14Glossary .164ATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANARCTIC OCEANCANADAGREENLAND(DENMARK)UNITED STATESAlaska(U.S.)Hudson BaySt.Lawrence RiverGreat LakesBritish ColumbiaNew BrunswickNewfoundland and LabradorAlbertaManitobaNova ScotiaOntarioPrince Edward
9、 IslandQuebecSaskatchewanNunavutNorthwest TerritoriesYukonOttawaHCalgaryCanadaCanadaWhere Is It?Canada is the northernmost country in mainland North America and the second-largest country on Earth.Large countries usually have many neighbors,but Canada has only onethe United States.The border between
10、 them is about 8,893 kilometers(5,525 mi.)long,making it the longest border in the world between two countries.Canadas national motto is“From sea to sea”because the country stretches from the Pacific Ocean in the west all the way to the Atlantic Ocean in the east and the Arctic Ocean to the north.5O
11、ttawans skate on the 7.8 kilometer(4.8 mi.)long Rideau Canal with the Peace Tower in the background.Canada Level XCanadas 202,080-kilometer(125,566 mi.)coastline encircles not only the vast mainland but over 52,000 islands as well.It is by far the worlds longest national coastline.Stretched out,it c
12、ould circle the globe five times.Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories,each with its own democratically elected legislature.Canadians also elect representatives to send to their Parliament in Ottawa,the countrys capital.There is a lot to see in Ottawa,and a good place to start is th
13、e observation deck of the 92-meter(302 ft.)Peace Tower.From there,visitors can see people boating on the Ottawa River or hiking in the citys many parks.In the winter they can also see people ice skating to work on the worlds largest skating area,the Rideau Canal.The city also boasts 267 other outdoo
14、r rinks.From the tower,they can view the stately Parliament buildings,museums,hotels,and theaters along with signs and advertisements in Arabic,Spanish,and Chinese.6PeopleWith one in every five people born in other countries,Canada is diverse.Most Canadians,however,do not think of themselves as a“me
15、lting pot,”in which different cultures blend together.Instead,many think of Canada as a“mosaic,”in which immigrants retain their culture and strengthen the nation through diversity.Some of the first European settlers in the land we now call Canada were from France and England.Before Canada became a
16、country,these people settled separate colonies that were often at war with each other.They had different languages and religions,but eventually the groups learned to get along.Because of this,Canada has two official languages:French and English.People gather for a public event in Ottawa.7Canada Leve
17、l XMost Canadian Native peoples belong to three groups:First Nations,the Inuit,and the Mtis(may-TEE).First Nations people and Mtis live throughout the country,and the Inuit continue to live in the far north.Life in Native communities has changed over the years,but many who live in them continue to m
18、aintain traditional culture.For example,they teach about their history and learn to speak Native languages.Through the years,many immigrants came from Germany and other European countries,as well as China,India,the Americas,and the Middle East.While richly diverse,this vast country is sparsely popul
19、ated.Probably due to better farmland and access to waterways,most of its population90 percent,by some estimateslives within 160 kilometers(100 mi.)of the countrys southern border.Many urban Canadians work in service industries such as tourism,transportation,or banking.Away from the cities,some peopl
20、e work to extract Canadas many resources such as oil,copper,and gold.Others farm the land or cut timber from the vast forests that blanket the country.Resources and manufactured goods are sold as far away as China,but most are traded across the border with the United States.8ATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OC
21、EANARCTIC OCEANCANADAGREENLAND(DENMARK)UNITED STATESAlaska(U.S.)Hudson BaySt.Lawrence RiverGreat LakesOttawaHRocky MountainsBaffin IslandRegions of CanadaRegions of CanadaCanadian ShieldInterior PlainsArctic RegionGreat Lakes St.Lawrence LowlandsHudson BayLowlandsCordilleraAppalachianLandCanada hold
22、s majestic mountains,vast plains,lakes,and endless forests.Parts of the north have ice and snow all year.Geographers divide the country into seven landform regions.In the east is the Appalachian region,with rolling forested hills dotted by farms.Waterways define another region,the Great LakesSt.Lawr
23、ence lowlands.It is the smallest region but an important one,known as“Canadas heartland.”About half of all Canadians live in large cities in this region.9Niagara FallsNiagara FallsIn the Great LakesSt.Lawrence lowlands water plunges down 57 meters(188 ft.)at Niagara Falls.The part of the falls in Ca
24、nadaHorseshoe Fallsis 670 meters(2,200 ft.)long.Tourists camp,hike,and canoe in parks in the Cordillera region.Canada Level XThe forested Canadian Shield is a huge region that wraps around Hudson Bay.Long ago,glaciers scraped the area clean of soil and exposed the rocky surface.When the glaciers mel
25、ted,thousands of lakes formed.Within this wet region lies a cold,marshy area known as the Hudson Bay lowlands.The interior plains are grasslands in the south and forests in the north.Today the grasslands are used for raising livestock and growing grains.In the far west is the Cordillera region with
26、great mountain chains.The highest are the Rocky Mountains,with snow-covered peaks reaching 3,954 meters(13,000 ft.).In between the mountains are fertile valleys where farmers grow fruit and other crops.To the north of all these regions and their forests lies the Arctic tundra,where freezing temperat
27、ures prevent any trees from growing.10AnimalsIn the Arctic,a land of ice and snow,animals tend to be white in color.Their camouflage helps them survive.Polar bears have black skin,but their fur looks snow white.Harp seal pups are hard to see because they,too,are white.The arctic fox has a white coat
28、 in winter but sheds it for a brown one when the snow melts.Beluga whales are white,as are birds such as the tundra swan.In the forests south of the Arctic,moose,beaver,black bears,and wolves all blend in with the colors of the forest floor.The small animals of the grassy plains,such as ground squir
29、rels and pocket gophers,dig underground tunnels to live in and raise their young.The best way to survive in the mountains is to be sure-footed.In the Rocky Mountains,goats and bighorn sheep have hooves that are great for running,jumping,and rock climbing.harp seal pup11Canadian WildlifeCanadian Wild
30、lifeCanadians share their huge homeland with countless species of birds,fish,animals,and plants.The country works to protect the land,air,and water for people as well as the wildlife that lives there.Canada Level XAll around Canada are animals that survive the cold winter and lack of food by migrati
31、ng.Many birds migrate,but so do some fish,whales,turtles,grazing animals,and even dragonflies.Huge herds of grazing caribou move hundreds of miles from one part of Canada to another.Other animals go farther south,leaving Canada for a warmer climate.The champions for long-distance migration are the s
32、mall but swift arctic terns.They fly from their breeding grounds in the Arctic all the way to Antarctica,a forty-day journey of some 35,500 kilometers(22,060 mi.).Then,six months later,they fly all the way back again.caribouhumpback whaleRocky Mountain goatarctic tern12HistoryFor many thousands of y
33、ears,what is now Canada was home to self-governing First Nations people and the Inuit.The first Europeans to arrive were the Icelandic Vikings who sailed from Greenland more than one thousand years ago.Survival was difficult,and they eventually left.In 1497,British explorer John Cabot arrived in wha
34、t is today eastern Canada and claimed land for England.Later,French explorers also claimed lands.More French and more English explorers came to claim land.As they explored,they found two resources that helped make money back in Europe:codfish and fur.This caused French and English traders to come,an
35、d colonies developed.During the 1400s to 1700s,France and England were often at war,and the conflicts spread to their colonies.With each peace treaty,Canadian lands were ceded to the winner,and eventually Great Britain won out.The colonies grew,but so did their desire for more independence.There wer
36、e rebellions,but they failed until finally,in 1867,Britain allowed the colonies to become a dominion,with its democratic governments capital in Ottawa.In 1931,Canada became fully independent when it became part of the British Commonwealth of Nations.13Calgary StampedeCanada DayQuebec Winter Carnival
37、Canada Level XCelebrationsCanada Day,the nations birthday,is on July 1.People celebrate with parades,barbecues,and fireworks.The largest celebration is held in Ottawa.The Calgary Stampede celebrates Canadas old west with bull riding,barrel racing,steer wrestling,bronc ridingeven chuck wagon racing.C
38、alled“The greatest outdoor show on Earth,”it attracts about a million visitors.Canadians have winter festivals,too,with dogsled races,skiing,and ice-skating.The Quebec Winter Carnival is the largest such festival in the world.There you can enjoy the snow-sculpture contest,visit an ice castle,and eve
39、n stay in a hotel made of ice and snow that is built every winter and melts away every summer.14Ice hockey originated in Canada and is the countrys national sport.Players battle in a game in Montreal(top).Canadian fans cheer their team(below).ConclusionCanada,one of the largest countries on Earth,in
40、cludes regions of towering mountains,rolling plains,dense forests,frozen tundra,and endless rocky shores.Each region has its own plants,animals,resources,and people.The people who live there may speak French,English,or one of many other languages,but they are all Canadian and proud of their cultural
41、 mosaic.15Population:36,048,521Land:9,984,670 square kilometers(3,855,103 sq.mi.)Capital City:OttawaOfficial Languages:English and FrenchCurrency:Canadian dollarCanadaCanadaSource:Central Intelligence Agency(March 2016),World BankCanada Level X 16Glossarycamouflage(n.)the colors,patterns,or shapes o
42、f an animals body that allow it to blend into the background or hide(p.10)commonwealth(n.)a group of states or countries that are associated with each other(p.12)democratically(adv.)in a way that allows people to have an equal vote or equal participation(p.5)diverse(adj.)different or distinct from o
43、ne another;made up of different or distinct people or things(p.6)dominion(n.)land or an area owned by a government or ruler(p.12)First Nations(n.)people who lived in present-day Canada before Europeans arrived or the descendants of those people(p.7)Inuit(n.)a group of Native people who live in the A
44、rctic region of North America(p.7)Mtis(n.)a group of people with a mix of First Nations and European ancestry(p.7)migrating(v.)moving from one habitat or region to another at a certain time each year(p.11)provinces(n.)the largest areas that some countries are divided into(p.5)traditional(adj.)of or relating to a long-established custom(p.7)tundra(n.)a cold,treeless Arctic region where the ground is always frozen(p.9)