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1、www.readinga-ArrowsArrowsA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:2,341Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Dina AnastasioIllustrated by David CockcroftLEVELED BOOK YRUYWritten by Dina AnastasioIllustrated by David CockcroftArrows ArrowsLevel Y Leveled Book Learning
2、 AZWritten by Dina AnastasioIllustrated by David CockcroftAll rights reserved.www.readinga-www.readinga-Photo Credits:Page 7:Rodger Mallison/MCT/Landov The photograph on page 7 shows the Choctaw Telephone Squad at Camp Merritt,New Jersey,on June 7,1919.From right to left:Captain E.H.Horner(Commandin
3、g)Private James Davenport,Choctaw,age 27 Corporal James Edwards,Choctaw,age 20 Corporal Calvin Wilson,Choctaw,age 24 Private Mitchell Bobbs,Choctaw,age 25 Corporal Taylor Lewis,Choctaw,age 22CorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA2324Glossarycarbon dating(n.)a test to determine age
4、 that analyzes the content of carbon,an element in organic material(p.9)Code Native Americans who usedTalkers(n.)their native languages as codes during World Wars I and II(p.7)comprehend(v.)understand fully(p.8)contemplated(v.)thought over deeply(p.16)cryptograms(n.)coded messages(p.16)cryptography(
5、n.)secret writing using a cipher or code(p.7)deciphered(v.)worked out the meaning of a secret message or writing (p.18)decorated(v.)awarded medals for performing well in the military(p.7)embankment(n.)a raised section of earth,often bordering a body of water or a road(p.12)gibberish(n.)a language th
6、at has no meaning or makes no sense (p.13)glyph(n.)a picture or other character with special meaning that is often carved into something(p.6)interpret(v.)tell or explain the meaning or significance of something(p.8)irrational(adj.)not making logical sense(p.6)Choctaw(n.)a member of a group of Native
7、 Americans in the Southeast (p.7)pored(v.)read with great attention(p.13)recounted(v.)told again;repeated(p.8)significance(n.)the importance or special meaning of something(p.20)strategic(adj.)relating to a plan for winning something or solving a problem(p.15)translated(v.)took something written or
8、spoken in one language and changed it to another language(p.8)unintelligible not capable of being(adj.)understood(p.8)veteran(n.)a person who has served in the military(p.7)Arrows Level YWritten by Dina AnastasioIllustrated by David CockcroftArrows ArrowsLevel Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Di
9、na AnastasioIllustrated by David CockcroftAll rights reserved.www.readinga-www.readinga-Photo Credits:Page 7:Rodger Mallison/MCT/Landov The photograph on page 7 shows the Choctaw Telephone Squad at Camp Merritt,New Jersey,on June 7,1919.From right to left:Captain E.H.Horner(Commanding)Private James
10、Davenport,Choctaw,age 27 Corporal James Edwards,Choctaw,age 20 Corporal Calvin Wilson,Choctaw,age 24 Private Mitchell Bobbs,Choctaw,age 25 Corporal Taylor Lewis,Choctaw,age 22CorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA2324Glossarycarbon dating(n.)a test to determine age that analyzes t
11、he content of carbon,an element in organic material(p.9)Code Native Americans who usedTalkers(n.)their native languages as codes during World Wars I and II(p.7)comprehend(v.)understand fully(p.8)contemplated(v.)thought over deeply(p.16)cryptograms(n.)coded messages(p.16)cryptography(n.)secret writin
12、g using a cipher or code(p.7)deciphered(v.)worked out the meaning of a secret message or writing (p.18)decorated(v.)awarded medals for performing well in the military(p.7)embankment(n.)a raised section of earth,often bordering a body of water or a road(p.12)gibberish(n.)a language that has no meanin
13、g or makes no sense (p.13)glyph(n.)a picture or other character with special meaning that is often carved into something(p.6)interpret(v.)tell or explain the meaning or significance of something(p.8)irrational(adj.)not making logical sense(p.6)Choctaw(n.)a member of a group of Native Americans in th
14、e Southeast (p.7)pored(v.)read with great attention(p.13)recounted(v.)told again;repeated(p.8)significance(n.)the importance or special meaning of something(p.20)strategic(adj.)relating to a plan for winning something or solving a problem(p.15)translated(v.)took something written or spoken in one la
15、nguage and changed it to another language(p.8)unintelligible not capable of being(adj.)understood(p.8)veteran(n.)a person who has served in the military(p.7)Arrows Level Y2122“Did escaping slaves ever carve directions in trees or rocks?”Poloma asked.“Ive never heard of such an occurrence,but every d
16、ay people uncover new information about the Underground Railroad.Just recently,someone discovered a hidden tunnel and a secret room in a house in Iowa where slaves hid out on their journey north to Canada.Many escaping slaves traveled all the way north to Canada after the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
17、made it more difficult for them to find freedom in the northern United States.”“What does Follow the Drinking Gourd mean?”Poloma asked.“The Drinking Gourd is the constellation of seven stars now called the Big Dipper,which can always be found in the northern sky of the United States.Slaves followed
18、the Drinking Gourd from safe house to safe house,until they finally reached freedom.”The Sun was beginning to set,and tiny slivers of light were flickering through the branches.Poloma took her flashlight from her backpack,turned it on,and took her grandfathers hand.By the time they were back on the
19、other side of the stream,the Sun had disappeared.Poloma stopped and scanned the sky.“Are you looking for the Drinking Gourd?”her grandfather asked.“There it is!”Poloma was pointing to the bright cluster of stars in the sky.“Shall we follow it?”“Its your decision.Are we heading north?”Poloma thought
20、about that for a moment.The Drinking Gourd would lead them back across the stream,past the boulder with the cipher,and on to places north.“We need to go south,Papa.”Poloma and Papa turned.They moved slowly,like creeping night creatures.The light from Polomas flashlight led them away from the North S
21、tar,past the arrows pointing the other way,out of the woods,and home.Arrows Level Y34Table of ContentsThe First Arrow.4Questions .8Answers .12Cracking the Code .16The Drinking Gourd.20Glossary .23The first arrowPoloma was flinging her new ball high into the air when she made her unexpected discovery
22、 of the first arrow in the forest.That particular Mississippi morning,she was aiming for the Sun,launching the ball higher and higher,when it came down and bounced away.The fast-moving ball careened off a tree trunk and ricocheted off a log,eventually coming to rest near a large,moss-covered boulder
23、.While disentangling the ball from the matted tendrils of undergrowth,Poloma noticed the mysterious arrow carved into the lower part of the massive rock.Arrows Level Y34Table of ContentsThe First Arrow.4Questions .8Answers .12Cracking the Code .16The Drinking Gourd.20Glossary .23The first arrowPolom
24、a was flinging her new ball high into the air when she made her unexpected discovery of the first arrow in the forest.That particular Mississippi morning,she was aiming for the Sun,launching the ball higher and higher,when it came down and bounced away.The fast-moving ball careened off a tree trunk
25、and ricocheted off a log,eventually coming to rest near a large,moss-covered boulder.While disentangling the ball from the matted tendrils of undergrowth,Poloma noticed the mysterious arrow carved into the lower part of the massive rock.Arrows Level Y2122“Did escaping slaves ever carve directions in
26、 trees or rocks?”Poloma asked.“Ive never heard of such an occurrence,but every day people uncover new information about the Underground Railroad.Just recently,someone discovered a hidden tunnel and a secret room in a house in Iowa where slaves hid out on their journey north to Canada.Many escaping s
27、laves traveled all the way north to Canada after the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 made it more difficult for them to find freedom in the northern United States.”“What does Follow the Drinking Gourd mean?”Poloma asked.“The Drinking Gourd is the constellation of seven stars now called the Big Dipper,whi
28、ch can always be found in the northern sky of the United States.Slaves followed the Drinking Gourd from safe house to safe house,until they finally reached freedom.”The Sun was beginning to set,and tiny slivers of light were flickering through the branches.Poloma took her flashlight from her backpac
29、k,turned it on,and took her grandfathers hand.By the time they were back on the other side of the stream,the Sun had disappeared.Poloma stopped and scanned the sky.“Are you looking for the Drinking Gourd?”her grandfather asked.“There it is!”Poloma was pointing to the bright cluster of stars in the s
30、ky.“Shall we follow it?”“Its your decision.Are we heading north?”Poloma thought about that for a moment.The Drinking Gourd would lead them back across the stream,past the boulder with the cipher,and on to places north.“We need to go south,Papa.”Poloma and Papa turned.They moved slowly,like creeping
31、night creatures.The light from Polomas flashlight led them away from the North Star,past the arrows pointing the other way,out of the woods,and home.Arrows Level Y1920Papa was smiling now.“You are a brilliant girl,”he said.“What letter precedes u in the alphabet?”“T,”Poloma said.“And the letter h co
32、mes before i,and the letter e comes before f.This is a substitute-letter cipher,Papa!”“Yes!I remember now!During the Civil War,some Northern spies and soldiers used a code called the advance cipher.They advanced each letter one letter of the alphabet.”The Drinking GourdOnce they had cracked the code
33、,it was easy to read the message.“I know what it says,Papa.It says,Follow the Drinking Gourd.But I dont know what the message means.Do you know what it means?”Papa was pacing again now,and Poloma could tell that he was meditating on the significance of what they had found.“Before the end of the war,
34、”he said,“many slaves longed to escape to freedom in the North.They followed what was called the Underground Railroad,which wasnt literally a railroad,but instead was a series of routes and directions and safe houses that led the slaves northward.Some slaves who had escaped returned to help other sl
35、aves.”“But who carved the arrows,Papa?”“Im not sure if well ever know that,”Papa said.“It might have been a Northern spy trying to help.It might have been a returning slave who had learned the cipher in the North.Or maybe it had nothing to do with the war.Who knows?Maybe some children were playing a
36、 game.”Arrows Level Y56The arrow looked like a simple carving,but almost immediately Poloma realized shed made a significant discovery.She scooped up her ball and scampered home to where her grandfather rested on the porch.His eyes appeared closed,and for a moment she wondered if she should disturb
37、him with the news.“Youve discovered something special,”he said softly,stretching awake,while his granddaughter took a seat on the swing next to him.“Youre absolutely fidgeting with excitement.”“Ive found an arrow,Papa!”Poloma enthusiastically kicked her feet,sending the swing swaying back and forth
38、like a pendulum,making a gentle rhythmic sound.“And where is this amazing arrow that excites you so much?”Poloma told her grandfather about the bouncing ball,the boulder,and the arrow that was carved near the base of the rock.“Do you think the arrow is a glyph like the ones in my code books?”Poloma
39、asked.“Maybe its a Mayan hieroglyphic;the Mayans used tiny pictures instead of words and letters.Maybe the Mayans carved the arrow,”Poloma guessed.Papa pulled himself out of the swing and smiled down at his granddaughter.“Thats an extremely good question,”he said,“but I doubt that the Mayans carved
40、rocks around here because the Mayans lived hundreds of miles south of here in Mexico and Central America.However,your arrow might indeed represent some strange code,but before we jump to any irrational conclusions,lets conduct a little research to find out.”Arrows Level Y56The arrow looked like a si
41、mple carving,but almost immediately Poloma realized shed made a significant discovery.She scooped up her ball and scampered home to where her grandfather rested on the porch.His eyes appeared closed,and for a moment she wondered if she should disturb him with the news.“Youve discovered something spe
42、cial,”he said softly,stretching awake,while his granddaughter took a seat on the swing next to him.“Youre absolutely fidgeting with excitement.”“Ive found an arrow,Papa!”Poloma enthusiastically kicked her feet,sending the swing swaying back and forth like a pendulum,making a gentle rhythmic sound.“A
43、nd where is this amazing arrow that excites you so much?”Poloma told her grandfather about the bouncing ball,the boulder,and the arrow that was carved near the base of the rock.“Do you think the arrow is a glyph like the ones in my code books?”Poloma asked.“Maybe its a Mayan hieroglyphic;the Mayans
44、used tiny pictures instead of words and letters.Maybe the Mayans carved the arrow,”Poloma guessed.Papa pulled himself out of the swing and smiled down at his granddaughter.“Thats an extremely good question,”he said,“but I doubt that the Mayans carved rocks around here because the Mayans lived hundre
45、ds of miles south of here in Mexico and Central America.However,your arrow might indeed represent some strange code,but before we jump to any irrational conclusions,lets conduct a little research to find out.”Arrows Level Y1920Papa was smiling now.“You are a brilliant girl,”he said.“What letter prec
46、edes u in the alphabet?”“T,”Poloma said.“And the letter h comes before i,and the letter e comes before f.This is a substitute-letter cipher,Papa!”“Yes!I remember now!During the Civil War,some Northern spies and soldiers used a code called the advance cipher.They advanced each letter one letter of th
47、e alphabet.”The Drinking GourdOnce they had cracked the code,it was easy to read the message.“I know what it says,Papa.It says,Follow the Drinking Gourd.But I dont know what the message means.Do you know what it means?”Papa was pacing again now,and Poloma could tell that he was meditating on the sig
48、nificance of what they had found.“Before the end of the war,”he said,“many slaves longed to escape to freedom in the North.They followed what was called the Underground Railroad,which wasnt literally a railroad,but instead was a series of routes and directions and safe houses that led the slaves nor
49、thward.Some slaves who had escaped returned to help other slaves.”“But who carved the arrows,Papa?”“Im not sure if well ever know that,”Papa said.“It might have been a Northern spy trying to help.It might have been a returning slave who had learned the cipher in the North.Or maybe it had nothing to
50、do with the war.Who knows?Maybe some children were playing a game.”Arrows Level Y1718“Yes.About 150 years ago,the Civil War was fought to free the slaves in the South.I think I recall reading that the soldiers and spies in the North used a special cipher.”“Do you remember what it was,Papa?”“It was s