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1、www.readinga-The Transcontinental RailroadA Reading AZ Level Z1 Leveled BookWord Count:2,012XZ1Z2TheTranscontinentalRailroadVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Katherine FollettLEVELED BOOK Z1WritingWrite a journal entry from the perspective of a Native American durin
2、g the building of the Transcontinental Railroad.Discuss the impact of the railroad on your family and how you feel about it.Social StudiesConstruct a timeline of the building of the Transcontinental Railroad.Include at least five events on your timeline.ConnectionsThe Transcontinental RailroadLevel
3、Z1 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Katherine FollettAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,title page,pages 9,14,15,20,21:ArtToday;page 3:courtesy of Andrew J.Russell/Library of Congress,P&P Div,Civil War Photographs Collection,LC-USZC4-4589;pages 4,8(top row),13,16,18:The Gra
4、nger Collection,NYC;page 5:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,Civil War Photograph Collection LC-USZ62-124420;page 6:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,Civil War Photograph Collection LC-DIG-cwpb-00260;page 8(bottom left):California State Library/AP Images;page 8(bottom right):Bettmann/Cor
5、bis;page 10:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,John C.H.Grabill Collection LC-DIG-ppmsc-02535;page 11:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,Frank and Frances Carpenter Collection LC-DIG-ppmsc-01808;page 12:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,FSA/OWI Collection LC-USF33-012438-M1;page 19:c
6、ourtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,John C.H.Grabill Collection LC-DIG-ppmsc-02539;page 22:Andrew Russell/Union Pacific/AP ImagesTheTranscontinentalRailroadCorrelationLEVEL Z1WXN/A60Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAwww.readinga-How did the Transcontinental Railroad connect the eastern and wester
7、n United States?Focus QuestionWritten by Katherine FollettdiscriminationefficientengineersforemenimmigrantsinfamouslaborersportrayedreluctantlysettlerstreacherousveteransWords to Know2324ConclusionSuddenly,California was a few days of travel away from New York,instead of months.Railroads soon stretc
8、hed to Salt Lake City,Oregon Territory,and the Southwest.Towns sprang up along the track now that trains could bring passengers,supplies,and mail quickly and safely.The Union Pacific and the Central Pacific made millions of dollars,because every railroad town had to buy land from them.The end of the
9、 Civil War had reunited the country from north to south.And for the first time,a transcontinental railroad united the country from east to west.Glossarydiscrimination(n.)the unfair treatment of a person or group based on gender,race,age,religion,or other differences(p.16)efficient(adj.)making good u
10、se of time or resources(p.17)engineers(n.)people who design,build,or repair machines,buildings,bridges,or other structures(p.6)foremen(n.)people who organize and watch over groups of workers(p.17)immigrants(n.)people who come to live in a new country,especially for the purpose of settling there(p.12
11、)infamous(adj.)famous for being evil,bad,or dangerous(p.15)laborers(n.)people who do physical work for payment(p.17)portrayed(v.)described or showed in a particular way(p.12)reluctantly(adv.)unwillingly or hesitantly(p.16)settlers(n.)people who make a new,permanent home on a frontier(p.5)treacherous
12、(adj.)dangerous or hazardous(p.4)veterans(n.)people who served in the armed forces(p.12)The Route of the Transcontinental RailroadNOmahaSacramentoUnion PacificRailroadCentral PacificRailroadPromontory PointWyomingUtahNevadaCaliforniaNebraskaColoradoIdahoThe Transcontinental Railroad Level Z1The Tran
13、scontinental RailroadLevel Z1 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Katherine FollettAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,title page,pages 9,14,15,20,21:ArtToday;page 3:courtesy of Andrew J.Russell/Library of Congress,P&P Div,Civil War Photographs Collection,LC-USZC4-4589;pages 4,
14、8(top row),13,16,18:The Granger Collection,NYC;page 5:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,Civil War Photograph Collection LC-USZ62-124420;page 6:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,Civil War Photograph Collection LC-DIG-cwpb-00260;page 8(bottom left):California State Library/AP Images;page 8
15、(bottom right):Bettmann/Corbis;page 10:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,John C.H.Grabill Collection LC-DIG-ppmsc-02535;page 11:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,Frank and Frances Carpenter Collection LC-DIG-ppmsc-01808;page 12:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,FSA/OWI Collection L
16、C-USF33-012438-M1;page 19:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div,John C.H.Grabill Collection LC-DIG-ppmsc-02539;page 22:Andrew Russell/Union Pacific/AP ImagesTheTranscontinentalRailroadCorrelationLEVEL Z1WXN/A60Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAwww.readinga-How did the Transcontinental Railroad con
17、nect the eastern and western United States?Focus QuestionWritten by Katherine FollettdiscriminationefficientengineersforemenimmigrantsinfamouslaborersportrayedreluctantlysettlerstreacherousveteransWords to Know2324ConclusionSuddenly,California was a few days of travel away from New York,instead of m
18、onths.Railroads soon stretched to Salt Lake City,Oregon Territory,and the Southwest.Towns sprang up along the track now that trains could bring passengers,supplies,and mail quickly and safely.The Union Pacific and the Central Pacific made millions of dollars,because every railroad town had to buy la
19、nd from them.The end of the Civil War had reunited the country from north to south.And for the first time,a transcontinental railroad united the country from east to west.Glossarydiscrimination(n.)the unfair treatment of a person or group based on gender,race,age,religion,or other differences(p.16)e
20、fficient(adj.)making good use of time or resources(p.17)engineers(n.)people who design,build,or repair machines,buildings,bridges,or other structures(p.6)foremen(n.)people who organize and watch over groups of workers(p.17)immigrants(n.)people who come to live in a new country,especially for the pur
21、pose of settling there(p.12)infamous(adj.)famous for being evil,bad,or dangerous(p.15)laborers(n.)people who do physical work for payment(p.17)portrayed(v.)described or showed in a particular way(p.12)reluctantly(adv.)unwillingly or hesitantly(p.16)settlers(n.)people who make a new,permanent home on
22、 a frontier(p.5)treacherous(adj.)dangerous or hazardous(p.4)veterans(n.)people who served in the armed forces(p.12)The Route of the Transcontinental RailroadNOmahaSacramentoUnion PacificRailroadCentral PacificRailroadPromontory PointWyomingUtahNevadaCaliforniaNebraskaColoradoIdahoThe Transcontinenta
23、l Railroad Level Z12122Where Will They Meet?The Union Pacific had a much easier time crossing the Rocky Mountains than the Central Pacific had crossing the Sierra Nevada.They took a gentle route called the South Pass,and they also moved quickly onto the deserts of Utah.By 1869,the two companies were
24、 approaching each other.Their meeting place would be at Promontory Point,Utah.To celebrate the completion of the first railroad to cross the United States,the heads of the two companies would drive the last four spikes into the track.The spikes were made of gold and silver.Workers from both companie
25、s dragged the last rails into place.Leland Stanford,the head of the Central Pacific,and Thomas Durant,head of the Union Pacific,both took up sledgehammers.They carefully aimedand missed!But the telegraph reporters sent out the signal anyway.The Transcontinental Railroad was complete.On May 10,1869,w
26、orkers,railroad owners,journalists,and politicians gathered at Promontory Point for the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad.The race was overthe Union Pacific had laid 1,086 miles(1,748 km)of track,and the Central Pacific had laid 689 miles(1,109 km),though the Central Pacific got extra mone
27、y for building through the mountains.The railroad near the Rocky MountainsA special ceremony was held for the last spike.The Transcontinental Railroad Level Z134Table of ContentsIntroduction .4Who Will Build the Railroad?.6Who Will Win the Race?.9Who Will Conquer the Mountains?.15Where Will They Mee
28、t?.21Conclusion .23Glossary .24IntroductionOne hundred and fifty years ago,it could take six months to travel overland from New York City to San Francisco.That meant that if you left New York in April,the beginning of spring,you would not arrive in California until October,during the chilly days of
29、fall.Over the long months of traveling,you would have to carry all of your food,or hunt and gather it from the wild.There were few maps,so it was easy to get lost.You would have to cross freezing,windswept prairies,roasting deserts,and treacherous mountains,all on foot or horseback,or in a creaky wa
30、gon that would often break down.Yet thousands of people were making this journey across the United States to California every year.The West Coast offered rich farmland,wonderful weather,and best of all,gold.If only there were some way to get people and supplies to and from California more quickly an
31、d safely.Pioneers spent months on the road,and many died.The Transcontinental Railroad Level Z134Table of ContentsIntroduction .4Who Will Build the Railroad?.6Who Will Win the Race?.9Who Will Conquer the Mountains?.15Where Will They Meet?.21Conclusion .23Glossary .24IntroductionOne hundred and fifty
32、 years ago,it could take six months to travel overland from New York City to San Francisco.That meant that if you left New York in April,the beginning of spring,you would not arrive in California until October,during the chilly days of fall.Over the long months of traveling,you would have to carry a
33、ll of your food,or hunt and gather it from the wild.There were few maps,so it was easy to get lost.You would have to cross freezing,windswept prairies,roasting deserts,and treacherous mountains,all on foot or horseback,or in a creaky wagon that would often break down.Yet thousands of people were mak
34、ing this journey across the United States to California every year.The West Coast offered rich farmland,wonderful weather,and best of all,gold.If only there were some way to get people and supplies to and from California more quickly and safely.Pioneers spent months on the road,and many died.The Tra
35、nscontinental Railroad Level Z12122Where Will They Meet?The Union Pacific had a much easier time crossing the Rocky Mountains than the Central Pacific had crossing the Sierra Nevada.They took a gentle route called the South Pass,and they also moved quickly onto the deserts of Utah.By 1869,the two co
36、mpanies were approaching each other.Their meeting place would be at Promontory Point,Utah.To celebrate the completion of the first railroad to cross the United States,the heads of the two companies would drive the last four spikes into the track.The spikes were made of gold and silver.Workers from b
37、oth companies dragged the last rails into place.Leland Stanford,the head of the Central Pacific,and Thomas Durant,head of the Union Pacific,both took up sledgehammers.They carefully aimedand missed!But the telegraph reporters sent out the signal anyway.The Transcontinental Railroad was complete.On M
38、ay 10,1869,workers,railroad owners,journalists,and politicians gathered at Promontory Point for the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad.The race was overthe Union Pacific had laid 1,086 miles(1,748 km)of track,and the Central Pacific had laid 689 miles(1,109 km),though the Central Pacific go
39、t extra money for building through the mountains.The railroad near the Rocky MountainsA special ceremony was held for the last spike.The Transcontinental Railroad Level Z11920The most famous accomplishment of the Chinese workers was to cut a track into the side of an enormous cliff they called Cape
40、Horn.They used an old,but dangerous,technique that had been used in China.Workers wove reed baskets big enough to hold two men.They lowered workers in the baskets from the top of the cliff.The workers drilled holes into the sides of the cliff,stuffed the holes with black powder,lit a fuse,and then s
41、houted to the men above.The men at the top hauled up the baskets as fast as they could,hoping to pull everyone out of the way before the cliff was blown apart.But with these accomplishments came tragedy.Accidents crushed hands,feet,and even whole bodies.The cold weather froze many workers to death.A
42、valanches buried entire groups of men alivesome were not found until spring.Nobody at the Central Pacific Railroad kept track of how many Chinese laborers were killed while building the Transcontinental Railroad.It was probably hundreds.Finally,in 1867,the track broke through the mountains,and the C
43、entral Pacific moved onto the deserts of Utah.Loose gunpowder blasts away a section of mountain.The cold weather and snows were the cause of the most deaths.The Transcontinental Railroad Level Z156At the time,the fastest way to travel was by railroad.Railroads crisscrossed the eastern United States
44、as far west as Chicago,Illinois,and Omaha,Nebraska.Building a railroad across the United States would allow the settlers to get to California much faster.It would also allow the settlers in California and all across the West to reach the East Coast to order goods,send and receive mail,and visit love
45、d ones they may not have seen for years.The booming state of California would have a link to the businesses and government of the East.But how could anyone build something as big and expensive as a railroad across the immense,rugged American West?You will find out how in this book.Who Will Build the
46、 Railroad?People had wanted a transcontinental railroad,or a railroad that crossed the entire North American continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean,for years.But no one had built one for many reasons.First,building a railroad of that size was far too expensive for any one person or c
47、ompany to pay for.Second,the technology of the time did not seem advanced enough for such a big job.Engineers had no calculators,no computers,and no airplanes to photograph and chart the landin fact,there were hardly any maps of the areas the railroad would cross.Most important,the Northern and Sout
48、hern states were fighting each other in the Civil War.Even before the war began,the states had argued about whether the railroad should cross the northern or southern half of the country.A busy eastern railroad stationCivil War soldiers using railroad equipmentThe Transcontinental Railroad Level Z15
49、6At the time,the fastest way to travel was by railroad.Railroads crisscrossed the eastern United States as far west as Chicago,Illinois,and Omaha,Nebraska.Building a railroad across the United States would allow the settlers to get to California much faster.It would also allow the settlers in Califo
50、rnia and all across the West to reach the East Coast to order goods,send and receive mail,and visit loved ones they may not have seen for years.The booming state of California would have a link to the businesses and government of the East.But how could anyone build something as big and expensive as