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1、高考英语语法代词知识讲解一、人称代词主格,Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthem1 .人称代词的用法2 .人称代词作主语，用主格。【例】We love our country.我们热爱我们的祖国。3 .人称代词作宾语，用宾格。【例】Winnie is a nice girl. We all like her.温妮是个好姑娘。我们都喜欢她。4 .人称代词在口语中，用宾格。【例】If I were her, I wou 1 d stay.要是我是她，我就留下来。5 .人称代词的宾格代替主格的几种场合1.在日常生活中，人称代词作表语时，常用代词的宾格。【例】A:
2、Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门呀？B: Its me.是我。2. 口语中，当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子中作主语时，常用代词的宾格。【例】A: I dont want to go to the theater tonight.今晚我不想去剧院。B:Me neither.我也不想去。A: I wou 1 d like to stay here for another week.我想在这里再呆一周。B:Me too.我也是。3. 在带as和than的比较级后面，许多场合下用代词的宾格。【例】She knows me as well as him.她像了解他一样
3、了解我。He is taller than me.他比我高。4. 口语中，当人称代词用于带有强烈感情色彩的句子中作主语且其后不带宾语时，多用代词 的宾格。【例】A:You ought to do it at once.你应该马上做。B： What?Me!什么？我!3.多个人称代词并列时的顺序在英语中如果出现多个人称代词，其排列的顺序主要有如下几种情况：1 .单数的场合：you+he/she +1【例】You,he and I will go shopping tomorrow.你，他和我明天将去购物。Each man is not honest每个人都不诚实。 在下列短语中，用each和eve
4、ry均可。each/every day; each/every year, each/every time。但：every now and then ”时常，不 时”为固定结构，不能用each.5. another, other, the other, others, the others another 强调三者或三者以上“另一个”，与可数名词单数连用，表示“另一个”，泛指(无整体范 围)【例】I have looked through these. Will you please show me another shirt?这些我者B看了, 能不能再拿一件衬衫给我看一看。“another数
5、词+复数名词”表示在原有基础上“又，再，额外”【例】I have been here for two weeks and I will stay here for another three weeks.我在 这里已呆了两周了，我还要在这里再呆三周。 the other, otherthe other：强调两者之间的“另一个“，one，the other【例】On one side of the river grow willows, and on the other side grow poplars.河的岸 长着垂柳，另一岸长着杨树。可与复数名词连用，表示“其他的人或物”【例】Can yo
6、u distinguish Venus from the other stars?你能把金星与其他的星星区别开来吗？other： “其他的”，与复数名词连用。【例】No matter what other people may said btick to my plan不管别人说什么，我都会坚持 我的计划。也可与单数名词连用，与单数名词连用时必须有the, some, any, no等词限定；any + other+ 单数名词”，表示排除本身的“别的任何一个”【例】I have no other shoe.我没有其他可穿的鞋了。Have you got any other book on th
7、is subject?你还有关于这个问题的其他书吗？John isnt here. He might be in some other room 约翰不在这里,他可能在别的房间。“数词十。ther+复数名词”表示“额外的”【例】He found there were two other guests beside himself.他发现除了他自己还有另外两个 客人。(3)others, the othersothers others =other+复数名词”,常与some连用，表示“一些”“另一些二【例】Some of the questions are hard;others are eas
8、y.这些问题中有些很难，有些容易。In the summer vacation, some like to travel, and others like to have part-time jobs. 在暑假，有的人喜欢旅游，有的人喜欢打工。the others作代词，表示特定范围的其余的一些人或物。【例】There are five foreign students in our class. Two of them are British and the others (=the other three foreign students) are Americans.我们班有五个外国学生
9、，其中两个 是英国人，剩下的三个是美国人。There are ten apples. Five of them are mine, the others are yours这JL有 10 个苹果, 5个是我的，其余的5个是你的。6. some, anysome常用在肯定句中，接可数名词复数或不可数名词。【例】Some people work to live, and some live to work.一些人工作是为了活着，一些人活着是 为了工作。r d like some coffee with milk.我想要点加奶的咖啡。any多用于疑问句，否定句，或条件句中，表示“一些”，既可以指可数
10、名词复数，也可 指不可数名词。【例】Have you got any money with you?你身上带钱了吗？There worit be any trouble.不会有麻烦。If you have any books, please give me some.如果你有书，请给我一些。注意：some有时也用于疑问句中，表示说话者希望对方给予肯定的回答。【例】Would you like some tea?你想喝点茶吗？(2) any有时也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”“任何一些”。【例】Any normal child can learn a language very quickly
11、.任何正常的儿童学习一门语言都非 常快。一Tom is taller than any other student in my class.汤姆比班里的其他任何一个同学都高。 (汤姆是班里个儿最高的一位同学)“some/any of +”结构作主语时，谓语动词需要根据of后面的名词单复数而定。【例】Some of the food has gone bad.有些食品变质了。Some of them agree, and some of them dont.他们中有些人同意，有些不同意。I don，t think any of them are coming.我认为他们没人会来。Any of y
12、our time is to be made full use of.应该充分利用你的任何时间。(4)some还可指某一个，此时常修饰可数名词的单数形式，some的这种用法暗含不认识，不 知道，不感兴趣，不重视等意思。【例】Some person parked his car here.有人把车停在了这里。Some day Im going to take a long motor trip.某一天我要骑摩托车做一次长途旅行。7. much, manymany修饰或代替可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。【例】He hasnt had much happiness these last f
13、ew years.最近这几年他没有过多少舒心的日 子。How many times have you been there?你到那里去过几次?more是many和much的比较级，many的比较级前用many等修饰可数名词的词语；much 的比较级前用much等修饰不可数名词的词语。【例】He has many (a lot/a few)more apples than I.他的苹果比我的多得多(多几个)。He has much (a lot/a little)more money than I 他的钱比我的多得多(多一些)。词组a good many和复数名词连用，谓语动词也用复数形式；ma
14、nya后的名词，动词都用 单数。【例】A good many books were imported last year.去年进口 了许多书籍。Many a man has tried it.许多人都已试过了。 作名词或代词，much 一般只用于否定句或疑问句。但much可用在too, so及as之后的 肯定句中。【例】Does he know much about it?他对此了解很多吗?He spends too much money on beer.他花太多的钱喝啤酒。much ton修饰形容词或副词，意为“实在太.；too mnch修饰不可数名词，表示“太 多.”【例】He drive
15、s much too carefully.他开车实在太小心了。I drank too much wine last night.昨晚我的酒喝多了。8. few, a few, little, a littlefew几乎没有；表否定；代替或修饰可数名词。a few几个，一些；表little, a little作主语修饰名词时，谓语动词用单数。 【例】Few of them have been to London.他们中几乎没人去过伦敦。There are a few mistakes in his composition,他的作文中有几处错误。Hurry up. There is little
16、time left,快点，快没时间了。little可作状语，修饰形容词、副词或形容词、副词的比较级形式，相当于a bit.意为 “有点二not a little=very 非常，很not a bit=not in the least/not at all 点也不 【例】He is a little/a bit taller than his brother.他比他的兄弟稍高一点。He is not a little tired.他很累。He is not a bit tired他一点也不累。（3）quite a few=many 很多；quite a little=much 品艮多【例】Qui
17、te a few people knew about it.有关的固定搭配not a few相当多的only a few仅少数，只有几个little or no几平没有little by little 逐渐地2.复合不定代词somebody, anybody, nobodysomeone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything1 .作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。人员：Everything is ready for the meeting.Is anybody absent?注意：作
18、反义疑间句，指物时，一律用单数Everything is ready, isn，t it?指人时 Somebody was here yesterday, wasnt he?Nobody came here yesterday,did they?（看不出单复数时，表泛指）2 .当形容词修饰复合不定代词时，应放在其后，作后置定语。【例】He said nothing new.My mother cooked something rice for dinner.注意：复合不定代词可与else连用。【例】Nobody else but Robert could ever say this thing
19、.除了罗伯特，其他人未曾说过这件事。Ask somebody else to help you.请别人帮你吧。3 .复合不定代词后不可接of短语，但分开写的some one, every one, any one定后可接of 短语。【例】Every one of the students can speak good English.这些学生中每个人都能说一口流利的 英语。一You may tell any one of us.你可以告诉我们中的任何一个人。（no one后不可接of短语, 但none可以）六、疑问代词who, whom, whose, what, which.Iwhowho指
20、人，是主格。主要作主语或表语。【例】Who saw you?谁看见你了？Who is that girl哪女孩是谁?2whomwhom指人，为who的宾格，用作定语。【例】With whom did you go to the concert?你和谁去听音乐会？3whosewhose是用来询问某人或某物属于谁的，在句中放在名词前作定语。【例】Whose bicycle is this?这是谁的自行车？4 whatwhat用于对未知事物提问，主要指事物，也可以指人的职业或身份特征，还可用来询问价格, 人口数量等。【例】What do you usually do on Sundays?星期天你经
21、常做什么？What color do you like?你喜欢什么颜色?What is your father?你父亲是做什么职业的？What.for?有时省略为What for?用来询问原因或目的。【例】What do you spend all the money?for你为什么把那些钱都花光了?What for?We still have enough food in the apartment.为什么？在公寓里我们仍然还有 足够的食物。What i.用来表示假设，建议，征求意见或疑虑等。【例】What if it rains while we are on the way?要是旅途中下
22、雨怎么办？What if I go with you to the bazaar tomorrow?明天我和你们一块去集市怎么样？What about. . ?表示建议或征求对方意见。【例】What about going to the zoo?去动物园怎么样？I dont want to leave, what about you?我不想走，你呢？What do yon mean用于向对方表示愤怒，不满等情绪。【例】What do you mean by shutting the door so loudly?你这么大声关门是什么意思？What do you mean by shouting
23、 at me?你对着我大嚷是什么意思？5whichwhich可指人或事物，表示在某一范围内选择。用于必须做出某种特定的选择时，which后可 以加of,而what则不可以。【例】Which color do you like better, red or yellow?红色和黄色你更喜欢哪一种？2 .复数的场合：we +you +they【例】We,you and they are all Chinese.我们，你们和他们都是中国人。3 .男女两性并列场合：he+she【例】He and she dont agree with me.他和她不同意我的看法。4 .承认错误或承担责任时：I +he
24、/she+you【例】I and he are to blame for the accident.我和他应为这次事故承担责任。5 .You and I是固定结构，即使是在承认过失时，词序也不变。【例】You and I are to blame.我和你应为此负责。4. he和she的特殊用法（考纲之外拓展部分）he可指代雄性动物或庞大而又威猛之物。she可指代雌性动物或柔弱，优美之物，也可代表拟人化说法中的国家，月亮，汽车，轮船 等无生命的东西，以表达其喜爱或亲切之情。【例】The fierce tiger carme at the monkey, but he missed heitige
25、r, her 指 monkey）凶猛的 老虎向猴子扑来，可没扑到。China will always do what she has promised to do.中国将始终履行自己的诺言。The moon loses her brilliance when the sun makes his appearance.太阳一出来，月亮 就失去了她的光辉。She was Titanic, a ship which was said never to sink.她就是泰坦尼克号，据说是一艘 永不沉没的船。5. 报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I （同样地，用。ur代替my）【例】W
26、e believe that China will still make greater progress.我们相信中国将会有更大的发 展。In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的一部电影。6. we, you, they有时超出人称的区别，都可以泛指一般人，指“人们”，单数用he【例】We never know the worth of the well till it is dry.失去了才知道可贵。You can，t live without air and water离开空气和水，人就无法生存。They s
27、ay theirs going to be another good harvest this year.人们说今年又将是个丰收 年。He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后谁笑的最好。7. it的用法1 .指刚提到过的事物，以避免重复。【例】A： When did the letter come?这封信什么时候送来的？B： It delivered this morning.今天早上送来的。2 .指未知性别的婴儿或孩子。【例】What a beautiful baby, is it a boy?多漂亮的宝宝呀，是男孩吗？3 .指不明身份的人。【例】A： Who
28、 is it knocking at the door?谁在敲门?B: It might be the postman.可能是邮递员。4 .指时间或季节。【例】It is ten oclock.现在是十点钟。It is late autumn.现在已是深秋了。5 .指天气，环境。【例】Its raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。It is noisy in here.这里很嘈杂。6 .指距离。【例】It is half an hours walk to the city centre.走至市中心只需半小时。7 .用于形式主语或形式宾语。简单句：It is hard to
29、learn English well. （it 做形式主语，真正主语是 learn English）I find it hard to learn English well, （hard为宾语补足语,语义上的补充）（it做形式 宾语，真正宾语是learn English）复合句：I find （that） it is hard to learn English well 宾语从句）（主句是 I find,系表为it is引导的从句）8 .用于强调结构中，不作任何成分注意：在强调结构中，不能强调谓语部分。It is/was. . that/who.【例】The students are lear
30、ning grammar in the classroom now.fit is the students who are learning grammar in the classroom now.fit is grammar that the students are learning in the classroom now.fit is in the classroom that the students are learning grammar now.fit is now that the students are learning grammar in the classroom
31、.9 .用来代替上文提到过的句子。this上文发生过的，下文要说的事。（通常）that只能指代上文说过的一个名词。it通常指代上文的一句话。【例】You saved my life, I never forget it.He bought me a shirt.I like it.He bought me a shirt.I like that.10.It常用的固定句型：It takes sb. to do某人用多长时间做某事【例】It took the man a week to mend our roof.这些人花了一周时间修好我们的屋顶。IVs（about/high） time that
32、 should.是该做某事的时侯了【例】_Its （about/high） time that we should take action .该是采取行动的时候了。Its the+序数词+time （that）.have + v-ed 第几次做某事了【例】It is the third time that he has failed the driving test.这是他第三次没能通过驾驶考试。(4)Its. . . since. .从已(多长时间了)【例】It is five years since he stopped smoking.他戒烟五年了。It was not. before.
33、 . ; It won t be long before.用不了多长时间某动作发生了；过不了 多久某动作将要发生【例】It was not long before they arrived.It wont be long before he returns from abroad. 没过多久他们就到了。不久以后他们就要回国。二、物主代词形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsourstheirsL形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，放在名词前作定语【例】Its not my computer.那不是我的电脑。She turne
34、d away her eyes.她把目光移开。Is this your coat?这是你的大衣吗？1 .形容词性物主代词后可加。wn表示强调，意为“自己的，完全属于自己的工【例】Monica has her own computer.莫妮卡有自己的电脑。I wont believe anything unless I see it with my own eyes.除非我亲眼看见，否则我 不会相信任何事情。2 .形容词性物主代词常用来构成固定短语，此时代词不可缺少。try ones luck 碰运气in ones opinion依某人的观点3 .名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词之前名词性
35、物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词加上前面所提到的名词，其功能如下：1 .作主语：This is not my dictionary. Mine is lent to Lucy.这不是我的字典，我的借给露西了。2 .作宾语：_Every person showed his ticket and I showed mine.每个人都出示了票，我也出示了我的。3 .作表语：This camera is mine and that is you.这架照相机是我的，那是你的。4 .与。f连用构成双重所有格作定语：I am a great admirer of yours.我是你的一位崇拜者。反身代词单数反
36、身代词复数三、反身代词myself yourself himself herself itself oneselfourselves yourselvesthemselves反身代词表示动作对象是发出者本身。L反身代词的用法1 .作宾语反身代词作宾语表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者自己。【例】I hope you will enjoy yourselves on the trip.我希望你们旅途玩得愉快。The little boy can dress himself now.那个小男孩现在能自己穿衣服了。2 .作表语在be和其他系动词如feel, look, seem之后，反身代词可以用来描
37、述感觉，情绪和状态。【例】I am not feeling myself today.今天我感觉有点不舒服。The poor girl in the picture is myself.照片上这个可怜的小女孩就是我。3 .作同位语反身代词在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强其语气，常位于名词或代词后，作主语的 同位语时也可位于句尾。【例】I want to see Bob himself.我想见鲍勃本人。Mary worked out the problem herself.玛丽自己做出了这道题。4 .常用的反身代词短语devote oneself to 致力于enjoy oneself玩得高
38、兴dress oneself 自己穿衣come to oneself 恢复知觉help oneself to随便吃，随便用hide oneself把自己藏起来teach oneself 自学lose oneself 迷路by oneself亲自（独自地）talk to oneself 自言自语excuse oneself 自我辩解be not oneself身体不舒服for oneself 替自己，为自己in oneself 本身between ourselves私下说的话（不可告诉别人）among themselves 他们之间to oneself供自己使用5 .有时，用形容词将反身代词分开
39、【例】I am still my old self我还是原来的我。r 11 put my humble self at your service.鄙人愿意听候您的吩咐。四、指示代词1. this, that, these, those 的用法1 .表示近指和远指this, these往往指时间或空间较近的人或物；that, those可指时间或空间较远的人或物。【例】This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.这件礼物是你的，那件是你弟 弟的。I love these books but I dislike those ones.
40、我喜欢这些书，但不喜欢那些。注意：英国人打电话时，this指自己，that指对方。【例】Hello, this is Allan. Who is that speaking?喂，你好!我是艾伦，你是哪位？2 .指刚提到过的或将要提到的事指刚提到过的事情或已经完成的事情用thato【例】Little George broke the vase,but he didnt admit it and that was very annoying. 小乔治打碎了花瓶，自己还不承认，真是太气人了。指即将要发生或将要提到的事情用this.【例】I want to know this was Miss Ton
41、es here the whole moming?我想知道的是，琼斯小姐整 个上午都在这里吗？that, those常常用来代替上文提到过的名词，以避免重复。that指代不可数名词或可数名词的单数。【例】Life today is much better than that in the old days.指现在的生活比过去好多了。those指代可数名词复数。【例】The days in summer are longer than those in winter.夏天的白天比冬天的白天长。3 . this, that还可用作副词，意为“这么”“那么”。修饰形容词或副词，其用法与so类似。【例
42、】She has never been this late for school before她以前上学从没有这么晚过。She is too young to walk that far.她太小，走不了那么远。4 .与表示时间的名词搭配。this与有些名词连用表示“目前的具体时间”this morning今天早晨this aftermoon 今天下午this evening今天晚上this week 本周this month这个月this spring今年春天that与某些名词连用表示“过去的具体时间”that morming那天早上that afternoon 那天下午that evenin
43、g那天晚上that week 那周that month那个月that spring那年春天these与某些名词连用表示“与目前相关的一段时间”these days如今，目前，这些天these years 这些年these months 这些月those与某些名词连用表示“与过去相关的一段时间二those days那些日子those years 那些年those months 那些月5 .指示代词在句中所作得成分1 .主语：【例】This is what I want to emphasize.这就是我想强调的。2 .宾语：【例】Better take those with you.最好把那些带
44、着。3 .表语：【例】My idea is this.我的想法是这样的。4 .定语：【例】What shall I do with these flower 这些花怎么办？五、不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。不定代词表示某种程度和各种类型的 不确定意义，它们在逻辑意义上是数量词，具有整体或局部意义。1 .简单不定代词Lone的用法one指代可数名词，既可指人，也可指物。可单独使用，也可放在单数可数名词前作定语。one-ones （复数）f ones （名词所有格）f oneself （反身代词）反义疑问句：one正式语体；you 口语 单独使用，泛指“人”“一个人”“人
45、们”。（此口寸句中也可以出现ones或oneself与之呼应）【例】One often fails to see their own faults.人往往看不见自己的缺点。One should do their best at all times.一个人无论如何都应尽最大努力。 表示具体的“一个人”或“一个事物”【例】He is not one who is easy to work with.他不是容易合作的人。This is the one you looking for.这就是你要找的那一个。注意：当。ne前面有形容词修饰时，形容词前必须有冠词或代词。【例】Her new car goe
46、s faster than her old one.她的新汽车比旧的跑得快。I dont like this green peach. Please give me a red one .我不喜欢这个绿桃子，请给我 一个红的。 代替上文已出现过的单数可数名词或复数名词以避免重复。【例】I prefer red roses to white ones.我喜欢红玫瑰胜过白玫瑰。The problem is harder than that one.这个问题比那个更难。 词汇辨析：it, one,与thatit是用来代替前文出现的同一事物，即指同类同物，代替可数或不可数名词。复数是they （主格）them （宾格）I left my electronic dictionary in my drawer, but today it is gone.我把电子词典放 在抽屉里，可