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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.ArgentinaA Reading AZ Level X Leveled BookWord Count:1,332WritingResearch to learn more about Argentinas former president Juan Pern.Write a biography of his life and analyze his impact on Argentina.Social StudiesCreate a commercial encouraging
2、 people to travel to Argentina.Advertise the aspects of the country that will appeal most to visitors.Present your commercial to the class.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Martina DeignanArgentinaLEVELED BOOK XLEVELED BOOK Xwww.readinga-How do Argentinas European roots affect its culture today?Foc
3、us QuestionWritten by Martina DeignanArgentina16Glossarydecisive(adj.)able to make a quick and definite choice;ending in a clear or obvious way(p.11)dictators(n.)leaders who rule with total power,usually by force(p.10)diverse(adj.)different or distinct from one another;made up of different or distin
4、ct people or things(p.5)ecotourism(n.)a type of travel that involves visiting natural places to observe wildlife and explore the environment without causing any damage(p.8)gaucho(n.)a cowboy of the South American grassy plains(p.12)habitats(n.)the natural environments of plants or animals(p.9)middle
5、 classes(n.)groups of people who are considered neither rich nor poor,but who have an average income(p.5)multicultural(adj.)including or relating to a variety of different groups of people,each having their own ideas and customs(p.5)provinces(n.)the largest areas that some countries are divided into
6、(p.4)reforms(n.)acts or processes of changing things to improve them(p.11)turmoil(n.)a state or condition of disarray,confusion,or agitation(p.11)volcanic(adj.)of or relating to a place in Earths crust where gases,ash,and lava spew out(p.9)16ArgentinaCountries Around the World Level X Leveled Book L
7、earning AZWritten by Martina DeignanAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:Mountain peaks soar in a national park in Argentina.Title page:Farmers harvest Argentine wheat.Page 3:A gaucho rides his horse.Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:jakobradlgruber/123RF;title page,page 6(left):Diego Giu
8、dice/Bloomberg/Getty Images;page 3:Picavet/Photographers Choice/Getty Images;page 5:Henrik Dolle/D;page 6(right):Florian Kopp/Westend61/SuperStock;page 7:Michael Runkel/robertharding/SuperStock;page 9(top):Kseniya Ragozina/iStock/Thinkstock;page 9(bottom):Charlotte Grubb/REX/Shutterstock;page 10:DEA
9、/G.DAGLI ORTI/De Agostini Picture Library/Getty Images;page 11:Bettmann/Getty Images;page 12:Nicolas Russell/Photographers Choice/Getty Images;page 13:Tyler Olson/123RF;page 14:Henrik Dolle/123RF;page 15(top):Sehenswerk/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(bottom):Edsel Querini/iStock/ThinkstockCorrelationLEVE
10、L XS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAdecisivedictatorsdiverseecotourismgauchohabitatsmiddle classesmulticulturalprovincesreformsturmoilvolcanicWords to Know15Population:43,646,358Land:2,736,690 sq km(1,056,642 sq.mi.)Capital City:Buenos AiresPrimary Language:SpanishPrimary Religion:Roman Cathol
11、icPrimary Exports:beef,wine,soybean meal,cars,cornName of Currency:Argentine pesoSource:Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook(2016)Argentina Level X153Argentina Level XTable of ContentsWhere Is It?.4People .6Land .8History .10Celebrations .12Food .13Conclusion .14Glossary .1614ConclusionSolidly
12、 shaped by its European roots,Argentina has much to offer,including its beautiful land as well as its population,which has expanded to include people from China,South Korea,and other Asian nations.Argentines are committed to democracy and feel that their country will continue to prosper.A forward-th
13、inking country,Argentina sets strict standards to protect the environment,encourages women to take part in government,and believes in equal rights for all people.Although political unrest has been a big part of the countrys past,its citizensalong with the rest of the worldhold great hope for its fut
14、ure.Fountains decorate the area in front of the national government buildings of Argentina in Buenos Aires.4ATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANARGENTINAURUGUAYBRAZILPARAGUAYBOLIVIACHILEBuenos AiresHSOUTH AMERICAAFRICANORTH AMERICAWhere Is It?Argentina is the second-largest country on the continent of South
15、America and the eighth-largest country in the world.Its land covers 2,736,690 square kilometers(1,056,642 sq.mi.)and lies between the Andes Mountains,the longest mountain chain on Earth,and the Atlantic Ocean.The countries of Brazil,Uruguay,Paraguay,Bolivia,and Chile border Argentina.Twenty-three pr
16、ovinces make up Argentina.Each one has an independent government with its own laws and constitution.However,every province must follow and answer to the laws of Argentinas national government.13The complicated movements of a dance called the tango tell the story of everything from love to political
17、unrest.Every year in August,people come to Argentina from all over the world to take part in a tango festival.Argentina Level XFoodAs in other areas of Argentine culture,Spanish,French,and Italian immigrants to Argentina have brought their own tastes to what citizens eat.Today,foods from all these c
18、ultures are popular in Argentina.Since meat is widely plentiful,it is not unusual for people to eat beef twice a day.Steak and other cuts of meat are always available and are often grilled on an open pit or barbecue.Served nearly everywhere,empanadas are tasty pastries that can be filled with meat,v
19、egetables,cheese,or fruit.Italian foods such as ravioli,pasta,and pizza are also popular.Besides food,another product consumed by Argentines is a tea called yerba mat.This drink is made from the dried leaves of the yerba mat plant.Argentines say it gives them energy and helps their minds stay alert.
20、5Argentina Level XThe capital and largest city in Argentina is Buenos Aires,whose name means“fair or good winds.”Its population is more than fifteen million people.The city boasts the widest street in the world.People named Avenida 9 de Julio(July 9th Avenue)for the date of Argentinas independence f
21、rom the country of Spain.Buenos Aires is one of the largest ports in South America.The city is the center of many economic activities,including the nations banking,food processing,and automobile industries.Known for the friendliness of its residents,Buenos Aires is a multicultural city and home to d
22、iverse groups of people.It has one of the largest middle classes in Latin America.Many of the people who live and work there enjoy city life and all it has to offer.Buenos Aires looks quite a bit like a European city due to the traditions brought there by many of its residents.The obelisk on Avenida
23、 9 de Julio was built in 1936.It honors the four hundredth birthday of Buenos Aires.12Long ago,gauchos roamed the Pampas herding cattle.Today,gauchos symbolize the spirit of the Argentine people.Gauchos are proud of their horses.It has been said that“a gaucho without a horse is a man without feet.”C
24、elebrationsModern Argentina comes alive with its yearly festivals.Carnival,which is often celebrated in February or March,gives people a chance to dress up as clowns,animals,and cartoon characters.During Carnival,Argentines build huge,colorful floats that parade down the street,with musicians,dancer
25、s,and onlookers enjoying the event.People also enjoy wheat,tango,and gaucho festivals.The Gaucho Festival of San Antonio de Areco is a popular event that takes place every November.Gauchos show their horseback-riding skills during a ten-day celebration that includes bronco riding,parades,and dancing
26、.Another important celebration in Argentina is the national day of independence on July 9.Families and friends spend time together to honor the events of 1816.They celebrate with traditional food and parades.6People More than forty-three million people live in Argentina,with more than 90 percent of
27、the population living in its four largest cities.Argentina has the third-largest economy in Latin America,after Brazil and Mexico.Argentina is strong in agriculture and rich with natural resources such as silver,gold,oil,and natural gas.Its exports include wine and beef as well as lemons,grapes,pean
28、uts,tea,and wheat.Most Argentines work in service jobs,but work is also available in the countrys automobile,textile,energy,communications,and appliance industries.Argentina also offers employment in the film industry,with dozens of motion pictures produced there every year.Argentina has a strong ag
29、ricultural history.Farmers harvest wheat(left)and grapes(below).11Argentina Level XIn 1946,Juan Pern was elected president.Perns popularity increased as he introduced reforms such as health services and retirement money for the majority of Argentines.Although he and his wife,Eva,introduced these goo
30、d things to the working classes,Pern also ignored human rights and acted like a dictator.His popularity weakened during his second term as president,and he fled Argentina for Spain in 1955.However,Pern returned to Argentina in 1973.He ran for president once again and won a decisive victory.He died t
31、he following year.While the Perns have critics,today many Argentines remember them as good leaders who helped the working classes and modernized Argentina.During the decades following Perns rule,Argentina experienced more military takeovers and economic turmoil.However,since 1983,democracy has taken
32、 hold,the economy has grown,and millions of new jobs have been created.Even with its rocky past,Argentina seems to have a promising future.Juan and Eva Pern7Argentina Level XThe Roman Catholic faith is Argentinas official religion.However,the country guarantees freedom of religion,and people also pr
33、actice the Muslim,Jewish,Protestant,and Mormon religions.Like many countries,Argentina can be considered a“melting pot”because diverse peoples came together from all over the world to form a new nation.Argentina has always welcomed new immigrants.Today,the majority of Argentines have European roots.
34、Argentinas official language is Spanish.However,since most Argentines trace their roots back to Europe,some people also speak other languages,including Italian,German,French,and English.Visitors will notice European architecture in Villa General Belgrano,a district in the province of Crdoba.10Histor
35、yArgentina has had a long and troubled history.Native peoples have lived here for thousands of years,but many died from disease and warfare following the Spanish invasion in the 1500s.After Argentina declared its independence from Spain in 1816,Spanish rule was finally banished in the country.The Ar
36、gentine Republic was founded in 1853,and Buenos Aires became its official capital in 1880.Some people call the years from 1880 to 1914 the“Golden Age”of Argentina.Railroads expanded,sheep farming and cattle ranching became very important,and roads,buildings,and parks were built.However,with the Grea
37、t Depression in 1929,Argentinas economy struggled and military dictators rose to power.Dictatorships ruled from 1929 until 1943,when another military leader,Juan Pern,helped overthrow the government.A painting shows the congress that declared Argentina free from Spain in 1816.8LandShaped like a long
38、 triangle,Argentina has mountains,deserts,plains,glaciers,vast lakes,and seashores.Five major regions make up Argentinas varied land.The Andes Mountains form a great wall between Chile and Argentina.The Pampas region is a large area of flat,fertile land where people grow many crops.Patagoniathe larg
39、est region and home to the oil and gas industries is known for its ecotourism.The Littoral region,in the north,has jungles and swamps,while the Gran Chaco region is a lowland in the northwest.The countries of Brazil and Paraguay meet Argentina in an area called the Triple Frontier,which is formed by
40、 the Iguaz and Paran Rivers.Here,the Iguaz River tumbles over horseshoe-shaped falls that extend 2.7 kilometers(1.7 mi.).ATLANTIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANAndes MountainsPatagoniaPampasLittoralGran ChacoIguaz FallsMount AconcaguaIguaz RiverParan RiverAndes Mountains9Argentina Level XIguaz Falls are taller
41、and wider than most of the waterfalls in the world.They formed millions of years ago when a volcanic eruption left a huge crack in the earth.The name of the falls comes from a language of native people in the region and means“big water.”With its many habitats,Argentina is alive with different kinds
42、of birds and mammals.Toucans,Andean condors,penguins,pumas,tapirs,howler monkeys,and jaguars are all residents.The towering Andes Mountains,stretching the full length of western South America,are one of Earths great natural features.The Andes range is about 7,242 kilometers(4,500 mi.)long and runs through seven countries.Its highest peakMount Aconcaguais 6,962 meters(22,841 ft.)tall.Iguaz Falls are one of the seven natural wonders of the world.Mount Aconcagua,in the Andes,is the highest mountain peak in the Americas.