《原版英语RAZ 教案Prehistoric Trade.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《原版英语RAZ 教案Prehistoric Trade.pdf（13页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、www.readinga-Prehistoric Trade Prehistoric TradeA Reading AZ Level V Leveled BookWord Count:2,008Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Kyle AckermanLEVELED BOOK VWritten by Kyle AckermanPrehistoric Trade Prehistoric TradeLevel V Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Kyle A
2、ckermanAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,title page,pages 3,13(center right),14,18(all),21,23(top right):Jupiterimages Corporation;back cover:H.Tom Hall/National Geographic Stock;page 4:Reuters/Corbis;page 5(all),11(top),22(bottom left),22(bottom right),23(top left),23(botto
3、m left):Learning A-Z;page 7:iS;page 9:Kenneth Garrett/National Geographic Stock;page 11(bottom):WILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy;page 12:Bell from the west coast of Mexico,Late Postclassic Period,c.1200-1550 AD(copper),Mesoamerican/Private Collection/Photo Boltin Picture Library/The Bridgeman Art Library Interna
4、tional;page 13(top left):iS Curry;pages 13(top right);22(top),22(center),23(bottom right):Hemera Technologies/Jupiterimages Corporation;page 13(bottom):iS Augustavo;page 16:Travis Heying/MCT/Landov;page 17:Werner Forman/Topham/The Image Works;page 19:Richard Nowitz/National Geographic Stock Source m
5、aterials for maps on pages 6,10,15,and 20 obtained from The Atlas of World Archaeology,edited by Paul G.Bahn in 2000,and from the U.S.Geological Survey.Front cover:Ancient traders discuss a trade of animal tusks for animal hides.Back cover:Many trade networks in North America were well-established b
6、efore Europeans ventured across the Atlantic Ocean during colonial times.Title page:Ships use the St.Lawrence Seaway to move goods for trading.Table of Contents:The fur trade became big business in North America.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL VR4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA34Table of Content
7、sIntroduction.4Long-Distance Trade.5Copper .9Obsidian .13Shells.16Birds and Animals.19Conclusion .21Glossary .23IntroductionAs soon as the bell rang,Robert stuffed that nights homework into his backpack.He ran for the front steps of the school.Every day,Robert and his friends sat and played a tradin
8、g card game.Robert,William,and Rudolfo liked to play,but sometimes they would just sit and trade cards.William often got good cards from his cousin in California,and Rudolfo got cool cards from his familys shop downtown.Robert always liked to trade,but today was special.There was a new student in th
9、e class who had just moved from Japan,and Haruki liked to trade cards,too.Haruki wanted to trade cards with William,and had cool cards from Japan that William had never seen!All of Harukis cards were in Japanese,and no one at Roberts school had them.Haruki traded cards to William that William had ne
10、ver played with,and William gave Haruki some cool cards in return.Haruki shared these English language cards with his friends in Japan.People play in a Yu-Gi-Oh!tournament.Prehistoric Trade Level V56Long-Distance TradeTrade is an exchange of one thing for another.Trade can involve doing work in retu
11、rn for an object,or trading valuable items,just like William and Haruki traded game cards.If people didnt trade,every family would have to grow its own food,sew its own clothes,and build its own house.Trade is a basic human activity that makes it possible to enjoy products from all over the world.No
12、w,everyday objects can come from anywhere in the world.Things in your backpack might have been made in your hometown.They also might come from Canada,Mexico,Australia,China,France,or even Brazil!Ancient people,who lived thousands of years before us,also traded objects over long distances.In Europe,m
13、en would spend months crossing oceans and traveling up rivers to trade swords or hairpins.In North and South America,people lived and traded for thousands of years before meeting Europeans.Prehistoric North American trade is a perfect example of how people moved valuable objects thousands of miles t
14、o trade them for other special objects.(Prehistoric means it happened before those people made written records,such as books.)Stop&ThinkWhere do the objects in your bedroom come from?Read the labels on your clothes or toys and look at a map.How far has your clothing traveled?AsiaAustraliaAfricaS.Ame
15、ricaN.AmericaPACIFIC OCEANPACIFIC OCEANATLANTIC OCEANEuropeINDIAN OCEANAntarcticasea routes land routesKEYThese are just some examples of the routes ancient people used to trade goods,such as silk,gold,olive oil,gems and minerals,and more.Prehistoric world trade routesKilometersMilesTrade routes fro
16、m 6300 BC AD 1200Prehistoric Trade Level V78How can we learn about prehistoric trade?One way is through oral tradition.Oral tradition is the set of stories that one generation tells to the next.Because many people like to add things to stories to make them more exciting or easier to understand,stori
17、es that are part of oral tradition change over the years.Another way to learn about prehistoric trade is through archaeology.Archaeology is the study of people through the things they leave behind.By looking at the remains of buildings,graves,and especially the trash people leave behind,we can learn
18、 about what people did.How can archaeology help figure out how prehistoric North American people traded?If an archaeologist finds a broken seashell in the trash of an ancient village in Colorado,she knows those people in Colorado traded with people who lived near an ocean.Think about William and his
19、 trading cards.If Williams family moved houses,and someone found a Japanese card in his old room,that person would know that,somehow,William was trading with Japan!If the person who found the card didnt know about Haruki,she might think lots of different people traded the card,bringing it from Japan
20、 to William.But since its impossible to buy Japanese cards anywhere near Williams hometown,it must have come from Japan.People often travel farther for a rare and valuable commodity.A commodity is something that is traded,such as gold,seashells,or a trading card.Commodities that were traded in prehi
21、storic North America include copper,shells,and animals.In prehistoric North America,people traveled long distances on foot or by boat.Because of this,trade commodities were usually light,valuable objects that would not spoil.Archaeologists dig through buildings from about 1,000 years ago.JapanNevada
22、PACIFIC OCEANAsiaNorth America2000020000400060004000MilesKilometersHow might Japanese trading cards make the trip to Nevada?Prehistoric Trade Level V910CopperObjects made from the reddish metal called copper are found in many North American archaeological sites.An archaeological site is a place wher
23、e people have left behind evidence of their lives,such as trash or parts of buildings.Objects found on these sites are called artifacts.An artifact is an object that has been shaped or changed by people.Whole copper artifacts have been found in graves in archaeological sites,and broken objects have
24、been found in old garbage.Copper artifacts found in North America include fishhooks,knives,jewelry,and bells.Some of the copper used to make those artifacts was mined in the area around the Great Lakes,particularly around Lake Superior.In most of North America,it was hard for prehistoric people to m
25、ake metal because metal is often mixed up in rock and that rock is only found in certain areas.Rock with metal in it is called ore.To get the metal out of the ore,people have to get it really hot.This is called smelting metal.Near Lake Superior,there were very large deposits of native copper.Native
26、copper is special because it is very pure copper that can be found in large chunks or as sheets in cracks of rocks.Native copper also does not need smelting.Hundreds of thousands of tons of native copper were mined in this area.Artifacts made from native copper have been found in areas on either sid
27、e of the Mississippi River and far downstream.Gold and copper artifact from Peru,South AmericaGULF OF MEXICOATLANTIC OCEANMississippi Riverareas where native copper artifacts would have been tradedBedford Mound a major prehistoric trading centerlargest native copper depositsG R E A T L A K E Spossib
28、le major trade routeLake SuperiorNative Copper TradePrehistoric Trade Level V1112We can tell that this copper was traded great distances in several ways.Many sites where archaeologists find copper artifacts have no natural copper nearby,so we know the copper must have come from far away.Also,by exam
29、ining copper through a microscope,or examining small amounts of chemicals in the copper,we can tell native copper from smelted copper.A different example of long-distance copper trade involves copper bells.Copper bells found at sites in Arizona and New Mexico were made from smelted copper.Ancient pe
30、ople living in Mexico and Central America made copper bells.We know this because we have found tools used to smelt copper and make bells like these in Mexico and Central America,but not in Arizona or New Mexico.This is evidence that these copper bells were traded.Copper artifacts found in North Amer
31、ica came from different places.What if William(from the beginning of this book)had trading cards in both Spanish and Japanese?The fact that they arent in English doesnt mean they all came from Japan.Spanish cards might come from Mexico or Europe,while the Japanese cards would come from Japan.William
32、 has quite the collection!This ancient copper bell was made in Mexico.Stop&ThinkDesigns on archaeological artifacts help us figure out where those artifacts come from.Do you have a T-shirt or sweatshirt with words or designs that tell people where youve been?Copper ore needs to be smelted before the
33、 metal in the rock can be used.Native copper does not need to be smelted before the metal can be used.Prehistoric Trade Level V1314ObsidianObsidian is a glassy volcanic rock.Many tools in prehistoric North America were made by chipping flakes off rock to make sharp edges.Obsidian is much better for
34、making sharp edges than regular rock because it has been through a heating process.It can make sharper and harder blades than ordinary glass.Obsidian is found in places that had volcanic activity,and obsidian from different areas has different,tiny amounts of chemicals.We can guess where it came fro
35、m by examining the chemicals in obsidian,just as we can with the chemicals in copper.People can learn about many objects,not just copper or obsidian,based on trace chemicals.For example,the type of paper used in Williams trading cards,or the kind of ink used to print his cards might reveal where a c
36、ard comes from.Prehistoric North American people living in the Northwest could easily find obsidian.Obsidian came from areas such as Washington,Oregon,Northern California,and western Canada.Obsidian deposits are often in areas that have volcanoes.Many of the tallest mountains in the Northwest are vo
37、lcanoes,such as Mt.Rainier near Seattle,Washington,and Mt.Saint Helens.When a volcano erupts and the conditions are right,lava that cools rapidly can form obsidian.Obsidian rock from Panum Crater in northeastern CaliforniaObsidian sculptureMount St.Helens before its 1980 eruptionPrehistoric Trade Le
38、vel V1516Obsidian was traded all the way across North America,including the United States,Canada,and Mexico.Obsidian artifacts have been found in the United States throughout the Mississippi River Valley.The appearance and trace chemicals in these obsidian artifacts tell us that the obsidian came fr
39、om northwestern North America.ShellsShells from the ocean are beautiful and can be used for many purposes.Humans have used shells for jewelry,as small plates,and even as musical instruments.At archaeological sites near the ocean,huge piles of shells can be found in trash heaps.Often these piles are
40、the garbage left over after eating the meat in the middle of shellfish.We know that seashells found in the Arizona desert or the upper Mississippi River Valley are not from food,because it would have taken too long to carry shellfish that far inland before it would have become rotten and dangerous t
41、o eat.An archaeologist examines seashells found in an ancient trash heap.Mt.St.HelensMt.RainierObsidian CliffMEXICOPACIFIC OCEANGULF OF MEXICOCANADABedford MoundPanum CraterMissouri RiverMississippi Riverareas of volcanic activity in the past 2,000 yearspossible major trade routeObsidian TradePrehis
42、toric Trade Level V1718How do we know that some shells found on archaeological sites were used for jewelry?Many of the shells have small holes,usually in the same place.By placing the shells on a string,they could have been made into a necklace.Also,some people wore jewelry when they were buried.Man
43、y people were buried with their valuable possessions.When an archaeological site includes ancient graves,archaeologists sometimes find objects in them that were traded great distances.In undisturbed graves,shells have been found in the pattern of a necklace.The string may be gone,but the shells are
44、in the same place they would have been if there had been a string.Shells can be helpful in identifying trade connections.Some types of shellfish only live in certain areas.For example,if a type of shell from a shellfish that lived in the Gulf of Mexico is found in Colorado,we know that the people in
45、 Colorado traded with someone from near the Gulf of Mexico.fishing boatfish sorted on docksfish sold at marketStop&ThinkMany grocery stores have a counter where seafood is sold.Where does the fish you eat come from?Read the labels or ask someone at the seafood counter where the stores fish comes fro
46、m.These prehistoric shell earrings were found in northern Arizona.Prehistoric Trade Level V1920Birds and AnimalsAll over the world,animals are a common trade item.When Europeans first came to North America,they brought horses.Horses can be used for transportation or to pull and carry things.After Eu
47、ropean contact,many animals became part of transatlantic trade.Valuable animals were transported across the Atlantic Ocean.Sometimes we find the bones of birds and other animals in archaeological sites.The bones of animals that live in the area,particularly those that are used as food,are common.For
48、 example,in eastern North America,deer bones are often found at sites where ancient people lived.Sometimes we find the bones of exotic animals in an archaeological site.Exotic animals are those that come from a different place.An elephant is an exotic animal in North America,but normal in parts of A
49、frica.Exotic animals are evidence of trade.For an elephant to come to a zoo in North America,it needs to be traded from a faraway place.Archaeological sites in the Southwest,such as Arizona,sometimes have bones from parrots.Parrots are exotic animals because they ordinarily only live in Central or S
50、outh America.Archaeologists think these birds were valued for their colorful feathers.The remains of birds,such as parrots,being found thousands of miles north of where they usually live is evidence of long-distance trade.The bones of a dog uncovered in an ancient Israeli cemeterycopper and parrotsm