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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.BiomimicryA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:2,272Writing Which plant or animal adaptation do you think has provided the most important lesson for humans?Write a persuasive essay using information from the book,as well as outside res
2、ources,to support your answer.ScienceResearch other examples of biomimicry not found in the book.Choose one and write an informational paragraph about it.Create a poster that includes your paragraph to share with your class.Connectionswww.readinga-LEVELED BOOK Z2YZ1Z2BiomimicryWritten by Rus Buyokww
3、w.readinga-What important lessons have we learned from biomimicry?Focus QuestionWritten by Rus BuyokBiomimicryBiomimicryLevel Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Rus BuyokAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,pages 7(left),9(inset,background),10(background),12(inset,background
4、):Eye of Science/Science Source;title page(top):Dieter Wanke/Alamy;title page(bottom):Hal Beral/Corbis;page 3,14(background):Michael Aw/Photodisc/Getty Images;page 4(main):iStock/Mark Weiss;pages 4(background),5(inset,background):iStock/Matej Pribelsky;page 6(left):Bettmann/Corbis;page 6(right):Alin
5、ari Archives/Corbis;page 6(background):iStock/Peter Zelei;page 7(right):iStock/Oleg Rubik;page 7(background):iStock/Scott Rothstein;page 8(main):Cordelia Molloy/Science Source;page 8(inset):Paul Ridsdale Pictures/Alamy;page 8(background):Jim Mills/D;page 9(main):Steve Gschmeissner/Science Source;pag
6、e 10(main):WILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy;page 11(main):Kyodo/AP Images;page 11(inset):Cyril Ruoso/JH Editorial/Minden Pictures;page 11(background):Victor Soares/123RF;page 12(top):Reuters/Corbis;page 12(bottom):Tim Davis/Corbis;page 13(left,background):Michael Pearce Partnership/Aga Khan Trust for Culture;pag
7、e 13(right):iStock/Terraxplorer;page 14(left):Mark Conlin/Alamy;page 14(right):Jamie Pham/Alamy;page 15(main):Sablin/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(background):snehit/123RF;page 16(main):iStock/Maria Kazanova;pages 16(background),17(background),18(background):iStock/AVTG;page 17(main):Ralph125/iStock/Thi
8、nkstock;page 18(left):Irwin Barrett/First Light/Corbis;page 18(right):SMIT-Sustainably Minded Interactive Technology LLC;page 19(main):Dr.Julian Gutt/PA Photos/Landov;page 19(background):courtesy of NOAA;page 20(main):ephotocorp/Alamy;pages 20(inset),21(top,bottom):Dennis Kunkel Microscopy,Inc./Visu
9、als Unlimited/Corbis;page 20(background):iStock/Daniel Stein;page 21(background):iStock/Sebastian Kaulitzki;page 22(main):Suzi Eszterhas/Minden Pictures;pages 22(background),23(background),24(background):iStock/ooyooadaptations contaminating dispersal ecological ecosystems exploit inhabitants microb
10、es microscopic pigment renaissance resources silica spew sustainableWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA23Glossary adaptations(n.)changes in an organism or species that allow it to survive better in its environment(p.4)contaminating (v.)making something unusable
11、 or unsafe by adding a harmful or unwanted substance(p.16)dispersal(n.)the process by which organisms or things move or are moved and spread out over a wide area(p.7)ecological(adj.)of or relating to the relationships among organisms or between organisms and their environment(p.15)ecosystems(n.)comm
12、unities of living things together with their habitats(p.5)exploit(v.)to use someone or something for profit or advantage;to make use of someone or something(p.5)inhabitants(n.)people or other animals that live in certain locations(p.16)Biomimicry Level Z224microbes(n.)microscopic organisms(p.21)micr
13、oscopic(adj.)so small that it can only be seen using a microscope(p.10)pigment(n.)a substance that gives color to something(p.4)Renaissance(n.)the sudden explosion of science,culture,and art that swept through Europe from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries(p.6)resources(n.)supplies of valuable or
14、 very useful things(p.16)silica(n.)a hard compound found in quartz and sand,often used to make glass(p.17)spew(v.)to spit out or expel a large amount of something in a fast or forceful way(p.14)sustainable(adj.)able to be used in a way that does not completely use up or cause permanent damage to a r
15、esource(p.4)www.readinga-What important lessons have we learned from biomimicry?Focus QuestionWritten by Rus BuyokBiomimicryBiomimicryLevel Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Rus BuyokAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,pages 7(left),9(inset,background),10(background),12(in
16、set,background):Eye of Science/Science Source;title page(top):Dieter Wanke/Alamy;title page(bottom):Hal Beral/Corbis;page 3,14(background):Michael Aw/Photodisc/Getty Images;page 4(main):iStock/Mark Weiss;pages 4(background),5(inset,background):iStock/Matej Pribelsky;page 6(left):Bettmann/Corbis;page
17、 6(right):Alinari Archives/Corbis;page 6(background):iStock/Peter Zelei;page 7(right):iStock/Oleg Rubik;page 7(background):iStock/Scott Rothstein;page 8(main):Cordelia Molloy/Science Source;page 8(inset):Paul Ridsdale Pictures/Alamy;page 8(background):Jim Mills/D;page 9(main):Steve Gschmeissner/Scie
18、nce Source;page 10(main):WILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy;page 11(main):Kyodo/AP Images;page 11(inset):Cyril Ruoso/JH Editorial/Minden Pictures;page 11(background):Victor Soares/123RF;page 12(top):Reuters/Corbis;page 12(bottom):Tim Davis/Corbis;page 13(left,background):Michael Pearce Partnership/Aga Khan Trust f
19、or Culture;page 13(right):iStock/Terraxplorer;page 14(left):Mark Conlin/Alamy;page 14(right):Jamie Pham/Alamy;page 15(main):Sablin/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(background):snehit/123RF;page 16(main):iStock/Maria Kazanova;pages 16(background),17(background),18(background):iStock/AVTG;page 17(main):Ralph
20、125/iStock/Thinkstock;page 18(left):Irwin Barrett/First Light/Corbis;page 18(right):SMIT-Sustainably Minded Interactive Technology LLC;page 19(main):Dr.Julian Gutt/PA Photos/Landov;page 19(background):courtesy of NOAA;page 20(main):ephotocorp/Alamy;pages 20(inset),21(top,bottom):Dennis Kunkel Micros
21、copy,Inc./Visuals Unlimited/Corbis;page 20(background):iStock/Daniel Stein;page 21(background):iStock/Sebastian Kaulitzki;page 22(main):Suzi Eszterhas/Minden Pictures;pages 22(background),23(background),24(background):iStock/ooyooadaptations contaminating dispersal ecological ecosystems exploit inha
22、bitants microbes microscopic pigment renaissance resources silica spew sustainableWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA23Glossary adaptations(n.)changes in an organism or species that allow it to survive better in its environment(p.4)contaminating (v.)making some
23、thing unusable or unsafe by adding a harmful or unwanted substance(p.16)dispersal(n.)the process by which organisms or things move or are moved and spread out over a wide area(p.7)ecological(adj.)of or relating to the relationships among organisms or between organisms and their environment(p.15)ecos
24、ystems(n.)communities of living things together with their habitats(p.5)exploit(v.)to use someone or something for profit or advantage;to make use of someone or something(p.5)inhabitants(n.)people or other animals that live in certain locations(p.16)Biomimicry Level Z224microbes(n.)microscopic organ
25、isms(p.21)microscopic(adj.)so small that it can only be seen using a microscope(p.10)pigment(n.)a substance that gives color to something(p.4)Renaissance(n.)the sudden explosion of science,culture,and art that swept through Europe from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries(p.6)resources(n.)supplies
26、of valuable or very useful things(p.16)silica(n.)a hard compound found in quartz and sand,often used to make glass(p.17)spew(v.)to spit out or expel a large amount of something in a fast or forceful way(p.14)sustainable(adj.)able to be used in a way that does not completely use up or cause permanent
27、 damage to a resource(p.4)21These microscopic views show two types of microorganisms that produce natural plastics.Natural PlasticsPlastic is everywhere,it seemshumans make millions of tons of this durable material,and its used in everything from medical devices to toys.Once those items are discarde
28、d,however,their durability becomes a problem,resulting in huge piles of waste that dont go away.Scientists think they may have found an alternative to artificial plastics in natural plastics produced by microorganisms.Bacteria play a role not only in the production of natural plastics,but also in th
29、eir disposaldifferent microbes in soil feed on natural plastic refuse,turning it into carbon dioxide and water.Biomimicry Level Z222A chimpanzee eats medicinal plants.MedicineAnimals in the wild can become ill,just as humans can,but some species,such as chimpanzees and monkeys,seem to know just how
30、to treat their ailments by using native plants or minerals.Observing animal behavior to learn how these species treat themselves may provide insights into potential uses for human illness.ConclusionNature provides important lessons for humans,but there is still much to be learned.By studying the liv
31、ing things around us,scientists can find inspiration for solutions to important problems and learn how we can live more sustainably.The best answers may be right under our noses,waiting to be discovered through the science of biomimicry.3Table of ContentsIntroduction .4What Is Biomimicry?.5That Come
32、s From What?.7Why Is Biomimicry So Important?.15The Future of Biomimicry .17Conclusion .22 Glossary .23 Biomimicry Level Z24IntroductionDid you know that a peacocks feathers arent really as colorful as they seem?Their bright hues arent due to pigmenttheyre actually the result of feather structures t
33、hat bend light like a prism.Ever wonder how swarming locusts keep from colliding?You might be surprised to know their tiny brains have a much faster reaction time than human brains do.The insects can sense and respond to motion at speeds that leave humans in the dust!Nature is filled with a vast num
34、ber of living creatures,each with specialized adaptations that help it survive in the wild.For centuries,humans have marveled at the unique qualities of the many plants and animals around us.Now a science called biomimicry focuses on how lessons from nature can help solve human problems and improve
35、our lives in sustainable ways.A peacock displays his feathers to attract mates.3Table of ContentsIntroduction .4What Is Biomimicry?.5That Comes From What?.7Why Is Biomimicry So Important?.15The Future of Biomimicry .17Conclusion .22 Glossary .23 Biomimicry Level Z24IntroductionDid you know that a pe
36、acocks feathers arent really as colorful as they seem?Their bright hues arent due to pigmenttheyre actually the result of feather structures that bend light like a prism.Ever wonder how swarming locusts keep from colliding?You might be surprised to know their tiny brains have a much faster reaction
37、time than human brains do.The insects can sense and respond to motion at speeds that leave humans in the dust!Nature is filled with a vast number of living creatures,each with specialized adaptations that help it survive in the wild.For centuries,humans have marveled at the unique qualities of the m
38、any plants and animals around us.Now a science called biomimicry focuses on how lessons from nature can help solve human problems and improve our lives in sustainable ways.A peacock displays his feathers to attract mates.21These microscopic views show two types of microorganisms that produce natural
39、 plastics.Natural PlasticsPlastic is everywhere,it seemshumans make millions of tons of this durable material,and its used in everything from medical devices to toys.Once those items are discarded,however,their durability becomes a problem,resulting in huge piles of waste that dont go away.Scientist
40、s think they may have found an alternative to artificial plastics in natural plastics produced by microorganisms.Bacteria play a role not only in the production of natural plastics,but also in their disposaldifferent microbes in soil feed on natural plastic refuse,turning it into carbon dioxide and
41、water.Biomimicry Level Z222A chimpanzee eats medicinal plants.MedicineAnimals in the wild can become ill,just as humans can,but some species,such as chimpanzees and monkeys,seem to know just how to treat their ailments by using native plants or minerals.Observing animal behavior to learn how these s
42、pecies treat themselves may provide insights into potential uses for human illness.ConclusionNature provides important lessons for humans,but there is still much to be learned.By studying the living things around us,scientists can find inspiration for solutions to important problems and learn how we
43、 can live more sustainably.The best answers may be right under our noses,waiting to be discovered through the science of biomimicry.19An Antarctic ice fishFish AntifreezeVehicles and machines that operate in icy weather often use chemical antifreeze to keep parts from freezing up.Chemical antifreeze
44、 is effective,but highly toxic to living tissue,so it must be used carefully.There is another type of antifreeze,however,that is not toxic and in fact helps living things survive in the Antarctic and on the chilly ocean floor.Some species of fish can survive extreme cold thanks to a natural protein
45、in their bloodstream that prevents ice crystals from forming.Researchers are hoping to learn how to create similar proteins and adapt them to help preserve human organs for transplant.Biomimicry Level Z220This microscopic view(inset)shows how spiders,such as the funnel spider(main)create the silk fo
46、r their webs.Spider SilkIf youve ever accidentally walked into a spiders web,you know how sticky and strong it is.Strands of spider silk are three times as strong as threads of steel.Silk strength and spiderwebs unique designs make them flexible but sturdy.Scientists hope that by analyzing spider si
47、lk and spiderweb design they can create material that mimics the strength and flexibility of arachnid architecture.Such material could be used in fences along highways that could absorb the impact of a speeding vehicle and minimize crash injuries.5What Is Biomimicry?The word biomimicry is a blend of
48、 two words:bio,meaning“life,”and mimic,meaning“to copy.”Also known as biomimetics,biomimicry involves learning about other organisms adaptations and imitating them.Biologists,scientists,designers,engineers,and others observe how organisms live within their ecosystems and then look at human situation
49、s that might benefit from using similar strategies.The idea is not to exploit other creatures,but to understand and apply the principles behind their natural behavior and features.Reverse EngineeringThere are two ways to solve a problem.One is to analyze the problem and craft a solution from scratch
50、.The other way is to look at how a similar problem was solved and study that solution to see if and how it might be applied elsewhere.Analyzing existing solutions to solve new problems is what is known as reverse engineering.Biomimicry is a type of reverse engineering that involves looking at a succ