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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Queen Elizabeth lA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:2,183WritingWhat were Elizabeths most important accomplishments during her reign?What were the most challenging events she endured?Write an essay explaining your answer using facts
2、from the book and outside resources.Social StudiesResearch to learn more about the similarities and differences between the Church of England and the Catholic Church.Write an essay comparing and contrasting these two churches.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Martina DeignanLEVELED BOOK Z2LEVELED B
3、OOK Z2Queen Elizabeth Iwww.readinga-How did Queen Elizabeth I strengthen England and help it become a global empire?Focus QuestionWritten by Martina DeignanQueen Elizabeth lQueen Elizabeth lWorld Leaders Level Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Martina DeignanAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Fron
4、t cover:Artwork shows Queen Elizabeth I during a knighting ceremony for Sir Walter Raleigh.Title page:Elizabeth meets with her Secretary of State in 1586.Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:Queen Elizabeth,Sir Francis Drake and knights on the deck of the Golden Hind,Huens,Jean-Leon/National Geograp
5、hic Creative/Bridgeman Images,title page:Hulton Archive/Stringer/Hulton Royals Collection/Getty Images;page 4:Granger,NYC;pages 5(top),19(left):Print Collector/Contributor/Hulton Archive/Getty Images;page 5(bottom):Photoservice Electa/UIG/REX/Shutterstock;page 6:Peter Barritt/SuperStock/Getty Images
6、;page 9:ullstein bild/Contributor/ullstein bild/Getty Images;page 10:Mary Stuart,Clouet,Francois/Private Collection/Richard Philp,London/Bridgeman Images;page 13:Mary Evans Picture Library;page 14:Universal History Archive/UIG/REX/Shutterstock;page 15:Popperfoto/Contributor/Popperfoto/Getty Images;p
7、age 16:Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images News/Getty Images;page 18:UniversalImagesGroup/Contributor/Universal Images Group/Getty Images;page 19(top right,bottom right):Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/REX/Shutterstockabdicatealleviateambassadorannularmadacommerceconspireddeposehereticsil
8、legitimateplunderingsuccessionWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3England,Ireland,and Scotland,1500sEngland,Ireland,and Scotland,1500sATLANTIC OCEANNORTH SEAKINGDOM OF IRELANDFRANCEKINGDOM OF SCOTLANDKINGDOM OF ENGLANDWALESLondonHAFRICAASIAEUROPEQueen Elizabeth
9、 I Level Z2Table of ContentsThe Tudor Family .4The Making of a Queen .6Battles Near and Far .10 The French Civil War .10 Mary,Queen of Scots .10 The Spanish Armada .11Elizabeths Later Years .14The End of an Era .16Elizabeths Successor .17Elizabeths Legacy .18Glossary .204The Tudor FamilyConsidered b
10、y many to be the greatest monarch in English history,Elizabeth Tudor came from a complex background.Long before Elizabeth was born,her father,King Henry VIII,the ruling monarch of England,married Catherine of Aragon.They had a daughter,Mary,who was first in line to inherit his throne.Henry,however,w
11、anted a male to succeed him,and he was disappointed when the sons Catherine gave birth to died.A few years later,Henry met Anne Boleyn,who had come to his court as a lady-in-waiting.Henry wanted to marry Anne.Determined to end his marriage to Catherine,Henry petitioned Pope Clement VIIthe leader You
12、ng Elizabeth5The ReformationThe ReformationQueen Elizabeth I Level Z2of the Roman Catholic Church to annul the marriage.The pope refused to grant Henrys request,which enraged him.He broke away from the church and appointed himself the supreme ruler of a new one:the Church of England.Henry then marri
13、ed Anne Boleyn in secret and had his marriage to Catherine annulled by the Church of Englands religious leader,the archbishop of Canterbury.This happened while England was already divided between Catholicism and Protestantism.One day,as queen,Elizabeth would face great challenges due to her fathers
14、actions.In the 1500s,many people in Europe were questioning the practices of the Roman Catholic Church.This period became known as the Reformation,which led to a new form of Christianity and the establishment of Protestant churches.Under Henry VIII,the Church of England followed Catholic practices b
15、ut did not support the authority of the pope.Anne BoleynPope Clement VII6The Making of a QueenElizabeth was born on September 7,1533,to Henry and his newly crowned queen,Anne Boleyn.Even though her father was the powerful ruling monarch,no one imagined Elizabeth would rule England.After Elizabeths b
16、irth,Henry felt that Anne had failed him by not delivering a son.In 1536,Henry accused Anne of treason and had her executed.He declared Elizabeth illegitimate,even though he had been married to her mother when she was born.The government declared the marriage invalid from the start,which meant Eliza
17、beth was removed from her place in line for the throne.Henry married Jane Seymour who gave birth to Prince Edwardthe son and heir he desperately wanted.Jane died shortly after Edwards birth,and Henry went on a search for another wifehis fourth.A portrait of the Tudor family includes(from left to rig
18、ht)Lady Mary,Prince Edward,Henry Vlll,Jane Seymour,and Lady Elizabeth.7Queen Elizabeth I Level Z2Henrys remarriage did not mean Elizabeth was neglected.She received a thorough education in math,history,geography,architecture,and needlework.She also learned to speak and write in fluent French,Italian
19、,Greek,and Latin.An excellent student,Elizabeths tutors regarded her highly.In her free time,she enjoyed riding horses,dancing,and playing the lute.She rarely saw her father,but sometimes lived in the company of her sister and brother.Henry married three more times,but none of these marriages produc
20、ed another child.His sixth and final marriage in 1543 was to Catherine Parr,who encouraged Henry to establish a clear line of succession.Henry reinstated Mary and Elizabeth as the second and third heirs to his throne after their brother,Edward.Henry VIII died in 1547,and Prince Edward became king at
21、 nine years of age.During his reign,the Church of England adopted more Protestant ways.Just six years after he was crowned,Edward died and Mary became queen.Mary,whose mother had been Catholic,believed strongly in the Catholic faith and wanted to end all Protestant practices.She thought people who d
22、id not follow Catholic teachings were 8heretics and ordered the deaths of hundreds,earning her the nickname“Bloody Mary.”Although Elizabeth valued her Protestant religion,she attended mass and studied the Catholic faith.She believed this would help save her life and keep her in Marys good favor.Mary
23、 suspected Elizabeth secretly practiced the Protestant faith and conspired against her.When people rebelled and tried to dethrone her,Mary thought that Elizabeth was behind it.Mary had her arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London.Elizabeth professed her innocence,but Mary ordered her kept in t
24、he tower for two months and then held under house arrest for nearly a year.Mary died from an illness in 1558,and Elizabeth,next in line for the throne,was crowned queen at the age of twenty-five on January 15,1559.Her years of rejection and imprisonment were finally over.She quickly established hers
25、elf as a Protestant monarch,but she was tolerant of those who disagreed with her religious beliefs.Elizabeth employed Catholic and Protestant advisors and tried to find a middle ground between them.She was not always successful and was criticized by both sides.Some Protestants thought she was too le
26、nient with Catholics,9Artwork shows Elizabeth meeting with a guestpossibly a royal figure seeking her hand in marriage.Queen Elizabeth I Level Z2and some Catholics called her a heretic for turning her back on the faith.In spite of these difficulties,Elizabeth was hardworking and possessed a great de
27、al of personal charm.She brought music and art back into the court,in stark contrast to the brutal and violent years of Marys rule.Those around Elizabeth respected her intelligence and wit.From the beginning of Elizabeths reign,her marriage prospects were a matter of great interest to the people in
28、her court and the general public.A good match would mean England could create new alliances with other countries and would ideally provide an heir.However,Elizabeth knew that marriage might threaten her power as queen.She also knew that if she married a foreign king,England could fall under another
29、countrys rule.She received many proposals and rejected all of them.10Mary,Queen of ScotsBattles Near and FarThe French Civil WarElizabeth had become a strong and powerful ruler in Protestant England,but in sixteenth-century France,the majority of the population was Catholic.French Protestants,known
30、as Huguenots(HYOO-guh-nots),began to think they could overpower the Catholic rulers who had become their constant enemies.In 1561,Elizabeth sent an ambassador to France to persuade the French monarchy to transition the country over to the Protestant faith.In 1562,war broke out between the Catholics
31、and Huguenots.Elizabeth sent six thousand English soldiers to France to help in the fighting,but the Catholics proved a stronger force.Elizabeth evacuated the remaining English troops and acknowledged defeat.Protestants across Europe were demoralized.Mary,Queen of ScotsDuring the unrest in France,El
32、izabeth focused on trying to block France from becoming an ally of ScotlandEnglands neighbor to the north and an old enemy.11Queen Elizabeth I Level Z2Mary,Queen of Scots,the Catholic queen of Scotland,as the grandniece of Elizabeths father,was Elizabeths cousin.Mary and many Catholics did not ackno
33、wledge Elizabeth as the rightful heir.They did not recognize the marriage of her mother to Henry VIII and deemed Elizabeth illegitimate.Over the course of many years,different Catholic groups plotted to depose and kill Elizabeth so that Mary could take the throne.Some plots were linked to Mary.Eliza
34、beth and Marys relationship was always strained.Eventually,Mary was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of her son.She fled Scotlands political unrest for England,where Elizabeth had Mary imprisoned for nineteen years.In 1586,Elizabeth learned of yet another plot to assassinate her.Elizabeth real
35、ized she must take action or threats to her rule would continue.Mary was arrested and found guilty of treason.Elizabeth reluctantly signed her death warrant.Mary was executed on February 8,1587.The Spanish ArmadaElizabeth faced another challengethis time from Spain.King Philip II,a Catholic,had been
36、 planning to invade England before Marys death,but after she was executed,he was ready to attack.12Up to this point,explorer Sir Francis Drake,with the support of Elizabeth,had been angering Philip with his plundering of Spanish ships as they returned from newly discovered territories in the America
37、s.Drake would order his seamen to raid the Spanish ships and take large amounts of gold and silver they were carrying back to Spain.In 1587,Drake sailed into Cadiz Harbor,Spain,and destroyed many of the Spanish ships at anchor.Drakes strike was preemptive;it was designed to loot Spanish ships and we
38、aken Spanish morale.Philip became convinced that he should do everything in his power to overthrow Elizabeth.England readied itself for war,and the Spanish Armada set sail.Philips plan was to sail to the Netherlandsnow under Spanish controlto join a force of about seventeen thousand Spanish soldiers
39、 who were waiting to invade England.However,the English were excellent seamen and had better,faster ships and powerful weapons.The weather was horrible and the seas were rough.The Spanish Armada sustained heavy damages in the battle and was forced to retreat northward to sail the extremely difficult
40、 waters around Scotland and Ireland.13Route of the Spanish Armada,1588Route of the Spanish Armada,1588The Spanish Armada was made up of 130 ships.It sailed northward,and then around the coasts of Scotland and Ireland on its route back to Spain.ATLANTIC OCEANEnglish ChannelMEDITERRANEAN SEANORTH SEAS
41、PAINPORTUGALFRANCESPANISH NETHERLANDSIRELANDENGLANDSCOTLANDA CoruaSantanderSantanderLisbon200 km(124.3 mi.)major battlesQueen Elizabeth I Level Z2Many of the Spanish ships crashed along the rocky coastlines,and thousands of sailors lost their lives.By the time they struggled home to Spain,only half
42、of the ships and seamen remained.England celebrated its defeat of the armada,and Elizabeth survived another challenge to her rule.Cadiz Harbor14Elizabeths Later YearsAfter its victory over the Spanish Armada,England struggled with the costs of war.People were experiencing debt,failed harvests,epidem
43、ics,and worry over who would succeed their unmarried queen.Elizabeth encouraged global exploration and enlisted explorers to go to the New World and beyond.As more goods were transported to Europe from around the world,she took the opportunity to improve commerce for England and alleviate debt by en
44、couraging global trade in commodities such as silk,food,and spices.As a result,while there were people living in poverty,there was also a growing merchant class that was becoming prosperous.Also during Elizabeths reign,due to improvements in printing presses and partly to Elizabeths love of literatu
45、re and her encouragement of such endeavors,there was a tremendous growth in education.This led to a substantial increase in the number of people who Elizabeth I late in her reign15Artwork shows Elizabeth at a Christmas play in 1590.Queen Elizabeth I Level Z2could read among middle and lower classes.
46、There was a growing sense of national pride.A majority of Elizabeths subjects loved and respected her.Elizabeth was well educated and believed strongly in supporting the arts.During her reign,she continued to support growth in the areas of music,art,and literature.Painters,poets,writers,and artists
47、were always welcome in her court.By 1590,the arts in England were flourishing.William Shakespeare,arguably the greatest playwright of all time,became immensely popular during Elizabeths reign and often brought his plays and troupe of actors to her court.Some of his plays reflected the events occurri
48、ng in England at the time,and some were comedies that Elizabeth particularly enjoyed.She also loved Shakespeares sonnets and became his enthusiastic royal patron as well as a great admirer of his work.16The End of an EraIn the last years of Elizabeths reign,England led the world in global exploratio
49、ns,its empire was expanding,and the arts continued to flourish.In the winter of 1603,Elizabeths health began to suffer.Although she tried to maintain her powerful appearance,it was clear to members of her court that she was deteriorating.The sweets she usually enjoyed went untouched,and she began to
50、 have trouble swallowing.It was thought she may have been suffering from tonsillitis and had developed ulcers in her throat.On March 21,1603,Elizabeth lost her ability to speak.Three days later,on March 24,she died quietly in her sleep.She was sixty-nine years old and had ruled for forty-four years.