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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Queen Elizabeth lA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:2,183WritingWhat were Elizabeths most important accomplishments during her reign?What were the most challenging events she endured?Write an essay explaining your answer using facts
2、from the book and outside resources.Social StudiesResearch to learn more about the similarities and differences between the Church of England and the Catholic Church.Write an essay comparing and contrasting these two churches.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Martina DeignanLEVELED BOOK Z2LEVELED B
3、OOK Z2Queen Elizabeth I20Glossaryabdicate(v.)to give up ones role as king or queen(p.11)alleviate(v.)to lessen pain,suffering,or trouble (p.14)ambassador(n.)an official who travels to or resides in a new location to represent his or her country or population(p.10)annul(v.)to officially end something
4、;to declare something legally invalid(p.5)armada(n.)a large fleet of boats,usually warships(p.12)commerce(n.)the buying and selling of goods;business or trade(p.14)conspired(v.)made secret plans with others to do something that is illegal or harmful;plotted(p.8)depose(v.)to suddenly remove a leader
5、or authority figure from power(p.11)heretics(n.)those who go against official or accepted beliefs or practices(p.8)illegitimate(adj.)born to parents who were not married(p.6)plundering(v.)stealing everything of value using force(p.12)succession(n.)the order in which or the process by which people in
6、herit a position of power(p.7)www.readinga-How did Queen Elizabeth I strengthen England and help it become a global empire?Focus QuestionWritten by Martina DeignanQueen Elizabeth l19Queen Elizabeth IQueen Elizabeth I1533:Elizabeth born to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn1544:Order of succession for the th
7、rone is established1553:King Edward VI dies on July 61558:Mary dies;Elizabeth becomes queen1587:Mary,Queen of Scots executed1603:Elizabeth dies on March 24;James I becomes king of England and Scotland,uniting the two countries1536:Anne Boleyn executed1547:Henry VIII dies;Edward becomes king1553:Mary
8、 crowned queen on October 11554:Mary orders Elizabeth imprisoned1563:Elizabeth is defeated in the French Civil War1588:Elizabeth defeats the Spanish Armada1590:The arts begin to flourish due in large part to Elizabeths support.15401550156015701580159016001530 1610 Queen Elizabeth I Level Z2Queen Eli
9、zabeth lWorld Leaders Level Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Martina DeignanAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:Artwork shows Queen Elizabeth I during a knighting ceremony for Sir Walter Raleigh.Title page:Elizabeth meets with her Secretary of State in 1586.Photo Credits:Front cover,ba
10、ck cover:Queen Elizabeth,Sir Francis Drake and knights on the deck of the Golden Hind,Huens,Jean-Leon/National Geographic Creative/Bridgeman Images,title page:Hulton Archive/Stringer/Hulton Royals Collection/Getty Images;page 4:Granger,NYC;pages 5(top),19(left):Print Collector/Contributor/Hulton Arc
11、hive/Getty Images;page 5(bottom):Photoservice Electa/UIG/REX/Shutterstock;page 6:Peter Barritt/SuperStock/Getty Images;page 9:ullstein bild/Contributor/ullstein bild/Getty Images;page 10:Mary Stuart,Clouet,Francois/Private Collection/Richard Philp,London/Bridgeman Images;page 13:Mary Evans Picture L
12、ibrary;page 14:Universal History Archive/UIG/REX/Shutterstock;page 15:Popperfoto/Contributor/Popperfoto/Getty Images;page 16:Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images News/Getty Images;page 18:UniversalImagesGroup/Contributor/Universal Images Group/Getty Images;page 19(top right,bottom right):Universal History
13、Archive/Universal Images Group/REX/ShutterstockabdicatealleviateambassadorannularmadacommerceconspireddeposehereticsillegitimateplunderingsuccessionWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3England,Ireland,and Scotland,1500sEngland,Ireland,and Scotland,1500sATLANTIC
14、OCEANNORTH SEAKINGDOM OF IRELANDFRANCEKINGDOM OF SCOTLANDKINGDOM OF ENGLANDWALESLondonHAFRICAASIAEUROPEQueen Elizabeth I Level Z2Table of ContentsThe Tudor Family .4The Making of a Queen .6Battles Near and Far .10 The French Civil War .10 Mary,Queen of Scots .10 The Spanish Armada .11Elizabeths Late
15、r Years .14The End of an Era .16Elizabeths Successor .17Elizabeths Legacy .18Glossary .2018Elizabeth I was the last monarch of the Tudor family.They had ruled England since 1485.Elizabeths LegacyOne of Elizabeths greatest accomplishments was to reduce the religious strife that had torn England apart
16、.Under her rule,Protestantism was established as the official religion of England.During Elizabeths reign,women,too,experienced a new level of freedom.Elizabeth helped to foster the idea that women,as well as men,could do anything they wanted to do.She loved her country and proved to her enemies and
17、 allies alike that a womanas much as a mancould be an intelligent,effective,and successful leader.Elizabeth was considered a giant among monarchs and one of the most popular and best-known female rulers in history.She was praised for her strong leadership and held in high regard for her support of t
18、he arts.Historically,she was also one of the most beloved and compelling personalities to ascend the English throne.4The Tudor FamilyConsidered by many to be the greatest monarch in English history,Elizabeth Tudor came from a complex background.Long before Elizabeth was born,her father,King Henry VI
19、II,the ruling monarch of England,married Catherine of Aragon.They had a daughter,Mary,who was first in line to inherit his throne.Henry,however,wanted a male to succeed him,and he was disappointed when the sons Catherine gave birth to died.A few years later,Henry met Anne Boleyn,who had come to his
20、court as a lady-in-waiting.Henry wanted to marry Anne.Determined to end his marriage to Catherine,Henry petitioned Pope Clement VIIthe leader Young Elizabeth17Queen Elizabeth I Level Z2Elizabeths SuccessorHenry VIIIs six marriages caused chaos and instability,and many people worried about who would
21、succeed Elizabeth.The queen continued to refuse to name a successor,and it became a matter of great concern to her advisors and subjects alike.Although Elizabeth never publicly announced who would succeed her,she did so privately;there was no dispute over her choice.James VI,Elizabeths closest livin
22、g relative and son of Mary,Queen of Scots,would be king.Mary and James were direct descendants of Henry VII,the first Tudor king.After Elizabeth died,James took the throne and became James I of England.The new Protestant kings succession was peaceful,and by her action,Elizabeth finally brought toget
23、her the thrones of England and Scotland.In 1707,the two countries united,ending one of the more bitter rivalries between two European countries.Elizabeth left James a strong government and a powerful navy.She had encouraged trade with foreign countries and funded the exploration of the New World.Eng
24、land was set to become a global empire and the Elizabethan Age came to be known as the“Golden Age”of England.5The ReformationThe ReformationQueen Elizabeth I Level Z2of the Roman Catholic Church to annul the marriage.The pope refused to grant Henrys request,which enraged him.He broke away from the c
25、hurch and appointed himself the supreme ruler of a new one:the Church of England.Henry then married Anne Boleyn in secret and had his marriage to Catherine annulled by the Church of Englands religious leader,the archbishop of Canterbury.This happened while England was already divided between Catholi
26、cism and Protestantism.One day,as queen,Elizabeth would face great challenges due to her fathers actions.In the 1500s,many people in Europe were questioning the practices of the Roman Catholic Church.This period became known as the Reformation,which led to a new form of Christianity and the establis
27、hment of Protestant churches.Under Henry VIII,the Church of England followed Catholic practices but did not support the authority of the pope.Anne BoleynPope Clement VII16The End of an EraIn the last years of Elizabeths reign,England led the world in global explorations,its empire was expanding,and
28、the arts continued to flourish.In the winter of 1603,Elizabeths health began to suffer.Although she tried to maintain her powerful appearance,it was clear to members of her court that she was deteriorating.The sweets she usually enjoyed went untouched,and she began to have trouble swallowing.It was
29、thought she may have been suffering from tonsillitis and had developed ulcers in her throat.On March 21,1603,Elizabeth lost her ability to speak.Three days later,on March 24,she died quietly in her sleep.She was sixty-nine years old and had ruled for forty-four years.Her funeral took place on April
30、28 and was attended by thousands of her grieving subjects.She was interred in Westminster Abbey in a tomb shared by her half-sister,Queen Mary I.Elizabeths coffin is in a chapel under a monument constructed by her successor,King James I.6The Making of a QueenElizabeth was born on September 7,1533,to
31、 Henry and his newly crowned queen,Anne Boleyn.Even though her father was the powerful ruling monarch,no one imagined Elizabeth would rule England.After Elizabeths birth,Henry felt that Anne had failed him by not delivering a son.In 1536,Henry accused Anne of treason and had her executed.He declared
32、 Elizabeth illegitimate,even though he had been married to her mother when she was born.The government declared the marriage invalid from the start,which meant Elizabeth was removed from her place in line for the throne.Henry married Jane Seymour who gave birth to Prince Edwardthe son and heir he de
33、sperately wanted.Jane died shortly after Edwards birth,and Henry went on a search for another wifehis fourth.A portrait of the Tudor family includes(from left to right)Lady Mary,Prince Edward,Henry Vlll,Jane Seymour,and Lady Elizabeth.15Artwork shows Elizabeth at a Christmas play in 1590.Queen Eliza
34、beth I Level Z2could read among middle and lower classes.There was a growing sense of national pride.A majority of Elizabeths subjects loved and respected her.Elizabeth was well educated and believed strongly in supporting the arts.During her reign,she continued to support growth in the areas of mus
35、ic,art,and literature.Painters,poets,writers,and artists were always welcome in her court.By 1590,the arts in England were flourishing.William Shakespeare,arguably the greatest playwright of all time,became immensely popular during Elizabeths reign and often brought his plays and troupe of actors to
36、 her court.Some of his plays reflected the events occurring in England at the time,and some were comedies that Elizabeth particularly enjoyed.She also loved Shakespeares sonnets and became his enthusiastic royal patron as well as a great admirer of his work.7Queen Elizabeth I Level Z2Henrys remarria
37、ge did not mean Elizabeth was neglected.She received a thorough education in math,history,geography,architecture,and needlework.She also learned to speak and write in fluent French,Italian,Greek,and Latin.An excellent student,Elizabeths tutors regarded her highly.In her free time,she enjoyed riding
38、horses,dancing,and playing the lute.She rarely saw her father,but sometimes lived in the company of her sister and brother.Henry married three more times,but none of these marriages produced another child.His sixth and final marriage in 1543 was to Catherine Parr,who encouraged Henry to establish a
39、clear line of succession.Henry reinstated Mary and Elizabeth as the second and third heirs to his throne after their brother,Edward.Henry VIII died in 1547,and Prince Edward became king at nine years of age.During his reign,the Church of England adopted more Protestant ways.Just six years after he w
40、as crowned,Edward died and Mary became queen.Mary,whose mother had been Catholic,believed strongly in the Catholic faith and wanted to end all Protestant practices.She thought people who did not follow Catholic teachings were 14Elizabeths Later YearsAfter its victory over the Spanish Armada,England
41、struggled with the costs of war.People were experiencing debt,failed harvests,epidemics,and worry over who would succeed their unmarried queen.Elizabeth encouraged global exploration and enlisted explorers to go to the New World and beyond.As more goods were transported to Europe from around the wor
42、ld,she took the opportunity to improve commerce for England and alleviate debt by encouraging global trade in commodities such as silk,food,and spices.As a result,while there were people living in poverty,there was also a growing merchant class that was becoming prosperous.Also during Elizabeths rei
43、gn,due to improvements in printing presses and partly to Elizabeths love of literature and her encouragement of such endeavors,there was a tremendous growth in education.This led to a substantial increase in the number of people who Elizabeth I late in her reign8heretics and ordered the deaths of hu
44、ndreds,earning her the nickname“Bloody Mary.”Although Elizabeth valued her Protestant religion,she attended mass and studied the Catholic faith.She believed this would help save her life and keep her in Marys good favor.Mary suspected Elizabeth secretly practiced the Protestant faith and conspired a
45、gainst her.When people rebelled and tried to dethrone her,Mary thought that Elizabeth was behind it.Mary had her arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London.Elizabeth professed her innocence,but Mary ordered her kept in the tower for two months and then held under house arrest for nearly a year.M
46、ary died from an illness in 1558,and Elizabeth,next in line for the throne,was crowned queen at the age of twenty-five on January 15,1559.Her years of rejection and imprisonment were finally over.She quickly established herself as a Protestant monarch,but she was tolerant of those who disagreed with
47、 her religious beliefs.Elizabeth employed Catholic and Protestant advisors and tried to find a middle ground between them.She was not always successful and was criticized by both sides.Some Protestants thought she was too lenient with Catholics,13Route of the Spanish Armada,1588Route of the Spanish
48、Armada,1588The Spanish Armada was made up of 130 ships.It sailed northward,and then around the coasts of Scotland and Ireland on its route back to Spain.ATLANTIC OCEANEnglish ChannelMEDITERRANEAN SEANORTH SEASPAINPORTUGALFRANCESPANISH NETHERLANDSIRELANDENGLANDSCOTLANDA CoruaSantanderSantanderLisbon2
49、00 km(124.3 mi.)major battlesQueen Elizabeth I Level Z2Many of the Spanish ships crashed along the rocky coastlines,and thousands of sailors lost their lives.By the time they struggled home to Spain,only half of the ships and seamen remained.England celebrated its defeat of the armada,and Elizabeth
50、survived another challenge to her rule.Cadiz Harbor9Artwork shows Elizabeth meeting with a guestpossibly a royal figure seeking her hand in marriage.Queen Elizabeth I Level Z2and some Catholics called her a heretic for turning her back on the faith.In spite of these difficulties,Elizabeth was hardwo