《原版英语RAZ 教案(Z2) Julius Caesar_DS.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《原版英语RAZ 教案(Z2) Julius Caesar_DS.pdf（12页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Julius CaesarA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:2,124WritingWere Caesars enemies justified in plotting to assassinate him?Why or why not?Write a persuasive essay stating your side of the argument.Use outside resources and facts from
2、the book to support your answer.Social StudiesResearch more information about Augustus Caesar,the first emperor of Rome.Write an essay comparing and contrasting Augustus Caesar with Julius Caesar,highlighting their political and military careers.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Evan RussellLEVELED
3、 BOOK Z2LEVELED BOOK Z2Julius Caesar20Glossaryaristocracy(n.)members of a societys highest social class,who are usually wealthy and powerful(p.6)benevolent(adj.)generous or kind(p.5)city-states(n.)cities or urban areas that act as independent countries(p.5)intrigues(n.)secret plans or the act of mak
4、ing them(p.9)judicious(adj.)having or showing good sense or wise judgment(p.18)lenient(adj.)very forgiving or tolerant (p.17)lucrative(adj.)producing a lot of money;profitable(p.6)martyr(n.)a person who suffers or dies because of his or her beliefs or actions(p.18)orator(n.)a public speaker,especial
5、ly an eloquent one(p.4)ruthless(adj.)pitiless and cruel;completely lacking morals(p.4)tactician(n.)someone who is good at carefully planning how to achieve a goal(p.11)vehemently(adv.)strongly and with great emotion(p.10)www.readinga-In what ways did Julius Caesar shape the development of ancient Ro
6、me?Focus QuestionWritten by Evan RussellJulius Caesar2019The Life of Julius CaesarThe Life of Julius Caesar55 bc:Defeats Germanic tribes that invade Gaul;takes legions across Rhine River;invades Britain100 bc:Julius Caesar is born84 bc:Father dies;marries Cornelia8382 bc:Sulla gains control of Rome7
7、8 bc:Sulla dies;Caesar returns to Rome75 bc:Kidnapped by pirates73 bc:Elected Pontifex69 bc:Cornelia dies54 bc:Daughter Julia,who was married to Pompey,dies58 bc:Becomes governor of Cisalpine and Transalpine Gaul;defeats Germanic tribes67 bc:Marries Pompeia,the daughter of his ally Pompey53 bc:Crass
8、us defeated in battle and killed63 bc:Elected Pontifex Maximus62 bc:Divorces Pompeia61 bc:Appointed governor of Farther Spain6059 bc:Returns to Rome;elected consul;marries Calpurnia;forms First Triumvirate49 bc:Crosses the Rubicon;civil war begins44 bc:Ides of March assassination52 bc:Vercingetorix
9、unites rebel Gaul tribes;Caesar suppresses uprising10090807060504030Julius Caesar Level Z2Julius CaesarWorld Leaders Level Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Evan RussellAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:An oil painting by Peter Paul Rubens from the seventeenth-century shows Julius Cae
10、sar with a crown of laurel leaves.Title page:An image shows Caesar leading his army on horseback.Page 3:A seventeenth-century painting by Pietro da Cortona shows Caesar giving Cleopatra the throne of Egypt.Photo Credits:Front cover:Christies Images Ltd./Christies Images Ltd./SuperStock;title page:Cl
11、assicStock/Alamy;page 3:Caesar giving Cleopatra the Throne of Egypt,c.1637,Cortona,Pietro da/Muse des Beaux-Arts,Lyon,France/Bridgeman Images;page 4:AndreaAstes/iStock/Thinkstock;page 8(left):Lucius Cornelius Sulla Orating,Roman/Louvre,Paris,France/Bridgeman Images;page 8(right):De Agostini/A.Dagli
12、Orti/REX Shutterstock;page 9:TonyBaggett/iStock/Thinkstock;page 11:Mary Evans Picture Library;page 12:Roman/Getty Images;page 13:Vercingetorix throws down his arms at the feet of Julius Caesar,1899,Royer,Lionel Noel/Muse Crozatier,Le Puy-en-Velay,France/Bridgeman Images;page 15:Julius Caesar crossin
13、g the Rubicon,Scarpelli,Tancredi/Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images;page 17:SuperStock/SuperStock;page 18(both):De Agostini/G.Dagli Orti/REX Shutterstock;page 19:Julius Caesar,Roman/Museo Archeologico Nazionale,Naples,Italy/Photo Zev Radovan/Bridgeman Imagesaristocracybenevolentcity-
14、statesintriguesjudiciouslenientlucrativemartyroratorruthlesstacticianvehementlyWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA193Julius Caesar Level Z2Table of ContentsCreator of the Roman Empire .4The World in Caesars Time .5Caesars Early Life .7Caesar in Gaul:The Leader
15、.10The First Triumvirate .14Return to Rome .15Legacy of Gaius Julius Caesar .18Glossary .2018A coin dated 44 bc shows Julius Caesar with Venus on the reverse side.Caesars family traced their origins to the goddess Venus.Legacy of Gaius Julius Caesar Upon his murder,Caesar instantly became a martyr,a
16、nd in 42 bc he was deifieddeclared a god.But the immediate aftermath of his assassination was chaos:the streets of Rome were awash with violence and,tragically,more civil war ensued.After years of conflict,Caesars great-nephew Octavian rose from the tumult to become Emperor Augustus Caesarthe first
17、Roman emperor.During his judicious reign,the empire would largely stabilize.It is impossible to know what Caesar might have accomplished had he not been assassinated.This brilliant man of ceaseless energy set out to repair the broken republic,and in a sense he succeeded.The Roman Empire that he put
18、in motion carried on for centuries and,for better or worse,it shaped modern Europe and much of our world today.4Julius CaesarCreator of the Roman Empire Military commander,politician,and acclaimed orator Gaius Julius Caesar was a complex man.The people and his soldiers loved him,but he could be sing
19、ularly ruthless in his dealings with enemy combatants and political foes.He was an adept negotiator and politician,yet many in the Roman Senate considered Caesar lawless,power mad,and a danger to Rome.He was a charming man known to be hilariously funny at times.He was physically tireless,though he a
20、lso had health issues and may have been prone to seizures.Mostly,though,Caesar was an achiever.He possessed boundless energy and drive,and accomplished astonishing things in his lifetime.As a leader,Caesar changed the world map,affecting language,government,and even the calendar perhaps more than an
21、y other.17Caesars Murder by German painter Karl Theodor von PilotyJulius Caesar Level Z2Caesars concentration of power enraged and frightened his opponents in the Senate.The Roman people had sworn that they would never again be ruled by a single monarch,but it seemed to them that Caesar was doing ex
22、actly that.In his short time as head of state,Caesar instituted many reforms:he updated the taxation system,began great public works,and expanded the Senatepadding it with his own supporters.A surprisingly lenient ruler,Caesar forgave many of those who had supported Pompey and even granted them impo
23、rtant positions.Caesar meant to reform the republic,but the mixture of his perceived arrogance and his leniency led to his downfall.A group of senators conspired against him,and on March 15,44 bc,the Ides of March,they attacked and murdered Caesar.5Julius Caesar Level Z2The World in Caesars Time Rom
24、e has a 2,800-year history,and to understand Caesars crucial role in this history,it is important to understand the world he was born into.Rome and its neighboring city-states on the Italian Peninsula largely shared the same language,culture,and religion.They sometimes fought one another,but they al
25、so formed alliances when threatened by invaders.In time,Rome emerged as the dominant city-state.According to legend,Rome was ruled by kingssix benevolent and the seventh a terror.In 509 bc,legend has it that the Roman people rose up and expelled the seventh king,Superbus.The citizens who formed the
26、Roman Republic fundamentally distrusted the idea of a monarchythey wanted no more kings.Instead,they relied increasingly on a legislative body called the Senate made up of men chosen by two annually elected magistrates called consuls.In place of a king,the consuls oversaw the government.In times of
27、military emergency,a dictator could be appointed over the consuls,but only temporarily.16This map shows the Roman Republic at the time of Caesars death.MEDITERRANEAN SEABLACK SEAATLANTIC OCEANTRANSALPINE GAUL(FRANCE)CISALPINE GAULSPAINGREECEMACEDONIAASIA(TURKEY)AFRICARomeWhen Caesar crossed the Rubi
28、con,civil war ignited.Caesar drove Pompeys troops,who were no match for his seasoned warriors,out of Italy,into Spain.With astonishing speed,Caesar pursued,engaged,and annihilated them.Pompey escaped to the eastern Mediterranean by sea,but Caesar followed him and,in Greece,crushed his remaining troo
29、ps.Pompey then fled to Egypt,where assassins murdered him on the orders of the Egyptian ruler Ptolemy.Caesar followed Pompey to Egypt,where he met and began a relationship with Ptolemys sister,Cleopatra,who vied with Ptolemy for the rule of Egypt.Caesar had a son with Cleopatra,and he restored her t
30、o the throne of Egypt.Caesar returned to Rome a triumphant hero.In 46 bc,he declared himself dictator.Roman Republic 45 bcRoman Republic 45 bc6At the time of Caesars birth,Rome was in a period of rapid expansion.The growth would cause turmoil among Romans.MEDITERRANEAN SEABLACK SEAATLANTIC OCEANGAUL
31、(FRANCE)SPAINGREECEMACEDONIAASIA(TURKEY)AFRICARomeRepublic in 100 bcRepublic in 200 bcTwo social orders existed in the Roman Republic.Members of the wealthy aristocracy were the patricians,while lesser landowners and everyone else were plebeians.Political tension persisted between the two groups.Und
32、er this system,the Roman Republic flourished,and by 250 bc Rome controlled most of the Italian Peninsula.It expanded west into Spain,north into Gaul(present-day France),east into Macedonia and Asia(present-day Turkey),and south into Northern Africa.As Rome conquered these regions,provinces were esta
33、blished and ruled by governors.A provincial governorship was a lucrative and sought-after Roman Republic 200100 bcRoman Republic 200100 bc15Julius Caesar Level Z2Caesar crumbled and the two became bitter rivals.As news of Caesars triumphs in Gaul reached Rome,Pompey allied himself more and more clos
34、ely with the Senates patrician faction,which also perceived Caesar as a threat.Return to Rome In 50 bc,Caesar wanted to return to Rome,but the Senate declared that he must give up command of his legions.They did not,however,demand that Pompey relinquish command of his armies.Caesar rightly suspected
35、 that if he returned to Rome as a private citizen,he would be subject to arrest and possibly killed.Therefore,in 49 bc,Caesar traveled with his army to the Rubicon River,which marked the border of Cisalpine Gaul and Italy.He knew that bringing an army into Italy was an act of war,but he had no choic
36、e.He could not wrest control of the corrupt government in Rome any other way,and he believed he had the Roman peoples support.Caesar leads his legion across the Rubicon River into Italy.7Julius Caesar Level Z2appointment since governors could make large amounts of money by providing food and slaves
37、for Rome.Under these conditions,corruption was rampant in provincial government.Regular citizens back in Rome didnt profit from the provinces in any way.Romes local economy was poor,which increased tensions between the plebeians and the patricians.The division between the rich and poor became insuff
38、erable and resulted in the Social War(9189 bc).At the time of Caesars birth,two men vied for power in Rome:Lucius Cornelius Sulla had the support of the patricians,and Gaius Marius stood for the plebeians.Caesars Early Life Caesar was born on July 12 or 13,100 bc.His family was aristocratic but not
39、particularly wealthy or important,and they sympathized with plebeian causes.Caesars aunt married Marius,the leader who opposed Sulla.We know little of Caesars early life.His parents educated him well and probably expected him to pursue a political career.When he was sixteen,his father died abruptly,
40、thrusting Caesar to the head of his family.In that same year,he married Cornelia,the daughter of Mariuss political ally.14The First Triumvirate While in Gaul,Caesar had political agents and allies working for him in Rome.Caesar was a politician as well as a general,and he needed to remain sharp poli
41、tically to survive the political scene in Romea scene fraught with peril.Caesar and the powerful Pompey had cemented their alliance when Pompey married Caesars daughter,Julia,in 59 bc,the year he was elected consul.Then Caesar managed to unite Pompey with another political ally named Crassus,one of
42、the wealthiest men in all of Rome.The two had formerly been political opponents,and their union was a brilliant stroke by Caesar.Working together,Pompey,Caesar,and Crassus held massive political sway in Rome;they are now known as the First Triumvirate.As Caesars star rose,the other two men became re
43、sentful.In 56 bc,the three may have met in Cisalpine Gaul,where experts think they agreed that Crassus and Pompey would serve as consuls the next year and,as such,would ensure that Caesars rule of Gaul would not end before 50 bc.However,when Caesars daughter,Julia,died in 54 bc,the ties by marriage
44、between Pompey and Caesar were severed.The following year,Crassus died in battle.The alliance between Pompey and 8Gaius MariusLucius Cornelius SullaShortly thereafter,Sulla ascended to power in Rome,and he commanded the young Caesar to divorce Cornelia.When Caesar refused to do so,he aligned himself
45、 directly with Marius and the plebeian cause.The danger of doing this was greathe stood to be stripped of his property and possibly his lifeso Caesar joined the army and left to serve in the east,escaping the dangers of Rome.Because he was an aristocrat,Caesar served as an officer in the military.He
46、 enjoyed running military campaigns in the east,and he was well liked by the legionnaires,or soldiers.But when Sulla died in 78 bc,Caesar decided to return to Rome and pursue his political career.He worked as a lawyer in the Senate,and in 75 bc he decided to study oratory,or public speaking.He was s
47、ailing to Rhodes,Greece,to take up this pursuit when pirates kidnapped him.13In a painting by Lionel Royer,Vercingetorix surrenders to Caesar after the Battle of Alesia.Julius Caesar Level Z2He suffered setbacks occasionally,but beyond question,historians consider Caesar one of the greatest generals
48、 the world has known.Caesars military achievements include bridging the Rhine River,leading his armies into Germany,and crossing the English Channel to Britaintwice.Finally,in 52 bc,Caesar faced a last,united opposition of Gallic tribes led by the mighty Vercingetorix.When Caesar triumphed at the Ba
49、ttle of Alesia,Gaul was unified once and for all,and the importance of this achievement was great.The Romanizing influencemonetary systems,governance,and engineeringall greatly affected how Europe would develop.Caesars relentless campaigning made him rich and a popular hero in Rome.9Julius Caesar Le
50、vel Z2According to Caesars own accounts,Caesar befriended his captors and jokingly insisted that they ask for a higher ransom,which they did.When Caesar raised and paid the ransom,he joked that he would return one day for payback.He raised a small naval force,captured the pirates,and crucified them.