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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Julius CaesarA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:1,424WritingHow was Julius Caesars leadership influenced by his character and values?Write a response using facts from the book to support your answer.Social StudiesUse a Venn diagram to
2、 compare the government of the Roman Republic with a modern system of government.Discuss your results with a partner.Connectionswww.readinga-Julius CaesarWritten by Henry InagakiLEVELED BOOK YLEVELED BOOK Ywww.readinga-How was ancient Rome changed by Julius Caesars rule?Focus QuestionJulius CaesarWr
3、itten by Henry InagakiJulius CaesarWorld Leaders Level Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Henry InagakiAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:An illustration depicts Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon River in Italy on his return to Rome from Gaul.Title page:A seventeenth-century work by Fre
4、nch sculptor Nicolas Coustou shows Julius Caesar in military clothing.Page 3:Artwork shows Julius Caesar leading his army across the Rubicon River in 49 bc.Photo Credits:Front cover:Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon,Scarpelli,Tancredi/Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images;title page:Un
5、iversal History Archive/REX Shutterstock;pages 3,15(bottom left):Mary Evans Picture Library;page 6:AndreaAstes/iStock/Thinkstock;page 7:TonyBaggett/iStock/Thinkstock;pages 9,15(right):Vercingetorix throws down his arms at the feet of Julius Caesar,1899,Royer,Lionel Noel/Muse Crozatier,Le Puy-en-Vela
6、y,France/Bridgeman Images;page 10(left):Jacek Wojnarowski/D;page 10(center):Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/REX Shutterstock;page 10(right):Bust of Marcus Licinius Crassus,Roman/Louvre,Paris,France/Bridgeman Images;page 11:dvarg/iStock/Thinkstock;page 12:ClassicStock/Alamy;page 13:S
7、uperStock/SuperStock;page 14(top left,top right):De Agostini/G.Dagli Orti/REX Shutterstock;page 15(top left):Julius Caesar,Roman/Museo Archeologico Nazionale,Naples,Italy/Photo Zev Radovan/Bridgeman Imagesalliedassassinatedcampaigningchaoscorruptiondictatorembroiledlegislativemartyrmonarchyoratorpro
8、vincesWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA15The Life of Julius CaesarThe Life of Julius Caesar55 bc:Defeats Germanic tribes that invade Gaul;takes legions across Rhine River;invades Britain100 bc:Julius Caesar is born84 bc:Father dies;marries Cornelia8382 bc:Sulla g
9、ains control of Rome78 bc:Sulla dies;Caesar returns to Rome73 bc:Elected Pontifex69 bc:Cornelia dies54 bc:Daughter Julia,who was married to Pompey,dies58 bc:Becomes governor of Gaul;defeats northern tribes67 bc:Marries Pompeia,the daughter of his ally Pompey53 bc:Crassus defeated in battle and kille
10、d63 bc:Elected Pontifex Maximus62 bc:Divorces Pompeia6059 bc:Returns to Rome;elected consul;marries Calpurnia;forms First Triumvirate49 bc:Crosses the Rubicon;civil war begins44 bc:Ides of March assassination10090807060504030Julius Caesar Level Y16Glossaryallied(v.)joined with others for a common ca
11、use(p.7)assassinated(v.)killed in a planned attack,often for political purposes(p.13)campaigning(n.)the performance of a planned series of military actions(p.9)chaos(n.)confusion;lack of order(p.14)corruption(n.)dishonest or criminal behavior by those in power(p.4)dictator(n.)a leader who rules with
12、 total power,usually by force(p.13)embroiled(adj.)involved deeply in a conflict or difficult problem(p.4)legislative(adj.)of or relating to the branch of government that makes laws(p.5)martyr(n.)a person who suffers or dies because of his or her beliefs or actions(p.14)monarchy(n.)a government ruled
13、 by a single nonelected person,such as a king or queen(p.5)orator(n.)a public speaker,especially an eloquent one(p.9)provinces(n.)territories or countries brought under Roman rule(p.4)www.readinga-How was ancient Rome changed by Julius Caesars rule?Focus QuestionJulius CaesarWritten by Henry Inagaki
14、Julius CaesarWorld Leaders Level Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Henry InagakiAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:An illustration depicts Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon River in Italy on his return to Rome from Gaul.Title page:A seventeenth-century work by French sculptor Nicolas C
15、oustou shows Julius Caesar in military clothing.Page 3:Artwork shows Julius Caesar leading his army across the Rubicon River in 49 bc.Photo Credits:Front cover:Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon,Scarpelli,Tancredi/Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images;title page:Universal History Archiv
16、e/REX Shutterstock;pages 3,15(bottom left):Mary Evans Picture Library;page 6:AndreaAstes/iStock/Thinkstock;page 7:TonyBaggett/iStock/Thinkstock;pages 9,15(right):Vercingetorix throws down his arms at the feet of Julius Caesar,1899,Royer,Lionel Noel/Muse Crozatier,Le Puy-en-Velay,France/Bridgeman Ima
17、ges;page 10(left):Jacek Wojnarowski/D;page 10(center):Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/REX Shutterstock;page 10(right):Bust of Marcus Licinius Crassus,Roman/Louvre,Paris,France/Bridgeman Images;page 11:dvarg/iStock/Thinkstock;page 12:ClassicStock/Alamy;page 13:SuperStock/SuperStock;p
18、age 14(top left,top right):De Agostini/G.Dagli Orti/REX Shutterstock;page 15(top left):Julius Caesar,Roman/Museo Archeologico Nazionale,Naples,Italy/Photo Zev Radovan/Bridgeman ImagesalliedassassinatedcampaigningchaoscorruptiondictatorembroiledlegislativemartyrmonarchyoratorprovincesWords to KnowCor
19、relationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA15The Life of Julius CaesarThe Life of Julius Caesar55 bc:Defeats Germanic tribes that invade Gaul;takes legions across Rhine River;invades Britain100 bc:Julius Caesar is born84 bc:Father dies;marries Cornelia8382 bc:Sulla gains control of Rome78
20、 bc:Sulla dies;Caesar returns to Rome73 bc:Elected Pontifex69 bc:Cornelia dies54 bc:Daughter Julia,who was married to Pompey,dies58 bc:Becomes governor of Gaul;defeats northern tribes67 bc:Marries Pompeia,the daughter of his ally Pompey53 bc:Crassus defeated in battle and killed63 bc:Elected Pontife
21、x Maximus62 bc:Divorces Pompeia6059 bc:Returns to Rome;elected consul;marries Calpurnia;forms First Triumvirate49 bc:Crosses the Rubicon;civil war begins44 bc:Ides of March assassination10090807060504030Julius Caesar Level Y16Glossaryallied(v.)joined with others for a common cause(p.7)assassinated(v
22、.)killed in a planned attack,often for political purposes(p.13)campaigning(n.)the performance of a planned series of military actions(p.9)chaos(n.)confusion;lack of order(p.14)corruption(n.)dishonest or criminal behavior by those in power(p.4)dictator(n.)a leader who rules with total power,usually b
23、y force(p.13)embroiled(adj.)involved deeply in a conflict or difficult problem(p.4)legislative(adj.)of or relating to the branch of government that makes laws(p.5)martyr(n.)a person who suffers or dies because of his or her beliefs or actions(p.14)monarchy(n.)a government ruled by a single nonelecte
24、d person,such as a king or queen(p.5)orator(n.)a public speaker,especially an eloquent one(p.9)provinces(n.)territories or countries brought under Roman rule(p.4)13Caesars Murder by German painter Karl Theodor von PilotyJulius Caesar Level YCaesar returned to Rome a triumphant hero,but the governmen
25、t remained in crisis,and the Senate named Caesar dictator.Shortly before his death he was named dictator for life.Understandably,this greatly upset his opponents in the Senate.Rome was never supposed to be ruled by a king again,but in the Senates eyes,that was what appeared to be happening.In his sh
26、ort time as head of state,Caesar reformed the taxation system,began great public works,and granted Roman citizenship to many in the provinces.He was also very forgiving toward the many who had supported Pompey.This,combined with appearing as a king,led to Caesars downfall.On March 15,44 bc,the Ides
27、of March,a group of senators assassinated Caesar.14A coin dated 44 bc shows Julius Caesar with Venus on the reverse.Caesars family claimed to descend from the goddess Venus.This map shows the Roman Republic at the time of Caesars death.MEDITERRANEAN SEABLACK SEAATLANTIC OCEANGAUL(FRANCE)SPAINGREECEM
28、ACEDONIAASIA(TURKEY)AFRICARomeRoman Republic 45 bcRoman Republic 45 bcCaesars LegacyUpon his murder,Caesar instantly became a martyr,and in 42 bc he was declared a god.The immediate aftermath of his assassination was chaos and,tragically,more civil war ensued.When it was finally over,the Roman Empir
29、e was born.The Roman Empire that Caesar put into motion carried on for centuries,shaping modern Europe and much of our world today.3Julius Caesar Level YTable of ContentsCreator of the Roman Empire .4The World in the Time of Caesar .5The Commander in Gaul .8The First Triumvirate .10Civil War .12Caes
30、ars Legacy .14Glossary .16 4At the time of Caesars birth,Rome was in a period of rapid expansion.The growth would cause turmoil among Romans.MEDITERRANEAN SEABLACK SEAATLANTIC OCEANGAUL(FRANCE)SPAINGREECEMACEDONIAASIA(TURKEY)AFRICARomeRoman Republic 200100 bcRoman Republic 200100 bcRepublic in 100 b
31、cRepublic in 200 bcCreator of the Roman Empire Julius Caesar was born into a troubled world.The vast and powerful Roman Republic spread over many miles and contained many provinces,but it suffered from widespread corruption.The republic had been embroiled in civil war and unrest for years.Dangers al
32、so existed at home in Romeespecially for those engaged in politics.Thrust into this world,Caesar dominated both the military and political arenas in his relatively short life.A brilliant man of enormous energy,he accomplished more than perhaps any world leader in history.Many languages and cultures,
33、and some governments,connect to ancient Rome,and one of its greatest leadersCaesar.3Julius Caesar Level YTable of ContentsCreator of the Roman Empire .4The World in the Time of Caesar .5The Commander in Gaul .8The First Triumvirate .10Civil War .12Caesars Legacy .14Glossary .16 4At the time of Caesa
34、rs birth,Rome was in a period of rapid expansion.The growth would cause turmoil among Romans.MEDITERRANEAN SEABLACK SEAATLANTIC OCEANGAUL(FRANCE)SPAINGREECEMACEDONIAASIA(TURKEY)AFRICARomeRoman Republic 200100 bcRoman Republic 200100 bcRepublic in 100 bcRepublic in 200 bcCreator of the Roman Empire J
35、ulius Caesar was born into a troubled world.The vast and powerful Roman Republic spread over many miles and contained many provinces,but it suffered from widespread corruption.The republic had been embroiled in civil war and unrest for years.Dangers also existed at home in Romeespecially for those e
36、ngaged in politics.Thrust into this world,Caesar dominated both the military and political arenas in his relatively short life.A brilliant man of enormous energy,he accomplished more than perhaps any world leader in history.Many languages and cultures,and some governments,connect to ancient Rome,and
37、 one of its greatest leadersCaesar.13Caesars Murder by German painter Karl Theodor von PilotyJulius Caesar Level YCaesar returned to Rome a triumphant hero,but the government remained in crisis,and the Senate named Caesar dictator.Shortly before his death he was named dictator for life.Understandabl
38、y,this greatly upset his opponents in the Senate.Rome was never supposed to be ruled by a king again,but in the Senates eyes,that was what appeared to be happening.In his short time as head of state,Caesar reformed the taxation system,began great public works,and granted Roman citizenship to many in
39、 the provinces.He was also very forgiving toward the many who had supported Pompey.This,combined with appearing as a king,led to Caesars downfall.On March 15,44 bc,the Ides of March,a group of senators assassinated Caesar.14A coin dated 44 bc shows Julius Caesar with Venus on the reverse.Caesars fam
40、ily claimed to descend from the goddess Venus.This map shows the Roman Republic at the time of Caesars death.MEDITERRANEAN SEABLACK SEAATLANTIC OCEANGAUL(FRANCE)SPAINGREECEMACEDONIAASIA(TURKEY)AFRICARomeRoman Republic 45 bcRoman Republic 45 bcCaesars LegacyUpon his murder,Caesar instantly became a m
41、artyr,and in 42 bc he was declared a god.The immediate aftermath of his assassination was chaos and,tragically,more civil war ensued.When it was finally over,the Roman Empire was born.The Roman Empire that Caesar put into motion carried on for centuries,shaping modern Europe and much of our world to
42、day.11Do You Know?One of Caesars greatest achievements was reforming the Roman calendar.It had been a lunar calendar that accounted for 355 days.In most modern calendars,there are 365 days in a year.Before Caesar,leaders decided where to add the extra ten days,which let them manipulate important ele
43、ction dates and holidays.Caesar worked with astronomers to create a new calendar that was based on Earths movements around the Sun.Additional days were added to specific months,and the concept of the leap year was introduced.The month of July is named after Caesar.Julius Caesar Level YAs time went o
44、n,though,Caesars success in Gaul made the other two men jealous,and they saw him as a threat.They managed to maintain their alliance for a time,but when Julia passed away in 54 bc,the family link between Caesar and Pompey was broken.When Crassus was killed in battle the next year,the triumvirate was
45、 finished.Pompey withdrew from Caesar and made alliances with patrician members of the Senate who also felt threatened by Caesars rise.12Civil WarWhen Caesars term was up in Gaul,he returned to Rome to run for consul again.He knew that bringing his armies with him would be considered an act of war,b
46、ut he feared that if he returned alone,he would be arrested and possibly murdered.Knowing Pompey still had command of his own armies,Caesar was left with no choice.Therefore,hoping to fix the broken government in Rome,Caesar crossed the Rubicon River with his armies in 49 bc and marched into the cap
47、ital.Caesar believed he had the support of the citizens of Rome,but the result of his actions was a terrible civil war.Pompey brought his forces out to meet Caesar,but Caesars battle-tested troops quickly dominated and chased them out of Italy.Caesar pursued and destroyed Pompeys army.Eventually,Pom
48、pey himself was killed.Caesar leads his troops across the Rubicon River into Italy.5Julius Caesar Level YThe World in the Time of Caesar Rome began as a city-statea political entity composed of a city and the surrounding countryside that supported it.Romes neighboring city-states largely shared the
49、same language,culture,and religion,but they were often at war with one another.By 250 bc,the dominant city-state of Rome controlled all of the Italian Peninsula.Emperors ruled the Kingdom of Rome.According to legend,in 509 bc,the Roman people rose up and expelled their last king,and the Roman Republ
50、ic was born.The people wanted no more kings.The Roman Republics hatred of monarchy proved a very important part of the history of the Roman Empire.In the republic,citizens elected their own leaders,called consuls.Two consuls were elected every year to govern Rome,with help from a legislative body ca