《原版英语RAZ 教案Julius Caesar.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《原版英语RAZ 教案Julius Caesar.pdf（9页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Julius CaesarA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:1,424WritingHow was Julius Caesars leadership influenced by his character and values?Write a response using facts from the book to support your answer.Social StudiesUse a Venn diagram to
2、 compare the government of the Roman Republic with a modern system of government.Discuss your results with a partner.Connectionswww.readinga-Julius CaesarWritten by Henry InagakiLEVELED BOOK YLEVELED BOOK Ywww.readinga-How was ancient Rome changed by Julius Caesars rule?Focus QuestionJulius CaesarWr
3、itten by Henry InagakiJulius CaesarWorld Leaders Level Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Henry InagakiAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:An illustration depicts Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon River in Italy on his return to Rome from Gaul.Title page:A seventeenth-century work by Fre
4、nch sculptor Nicolas Coustou shows Julius Caesar in military clothing.Page 3:Artwork shows Julius Caesar leading his army across the Rubicon River in 49 bc.Photo Credits:Front cover:Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon,Scarpelli,Tancredi/Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images;title page:Un
5、iversal History Archive/REX Shutterstock;pages 3,15(bottom left):Mary Evans Picture Library;page 6:AndreaAstes/iStock/Thinkstock;page 7:TonyBaggett/iStock/Thinkstock;pages 9,15(right):Vercingetorix throws down his arms at the feet of Julius Caesar,1899,Royer,Lionel Noel/Muse Crozatier,Le Puy-en-Vela
6、y,France/Bridgeman Images;page 10(left):Jacek Wojnarowski/D;page 10(center):Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/REX Shutterstock;page 10(right):Bust of Marcus Licinius Crassus,Roman/Louvre,Paris,France/Bridgeman Images;page 11:dvarg/iStock/Thinkstock;page 12:ClassicStock/Alamy;page 13:S
7、uperStock/SuperStock;page 14(top left,top right):De Agostini/G.Dagli Orti/REX Shutterstock;page 15(top left):Julius Caesar,Roman/Museo Archeologico Nazionale,Naples,Italy/Photo Zev Radovan/Bridgeman Imagesalliedassassinatedcampaigningchaoscorruptiondictatorembroiledlegislativemartyrmonarchyoratorpro
8、vincesWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3Julius Caesar Level YTable of ContentsCreator of the Roman Empire .4The World in the Time of Caesar .5The Commander in Gaul .8The First Triumvirate .10Civil War .12Caesars Legacy .14Glossary .16 4At the time of Caesars birt
9、h,Rome was in a period of rapid expansion.The growth would cause turmoil among Romans.MEDITERRANEAN SEABLACK SEAATLANTIC OCEANGAUL(FRANCE)SPAINGREECEMACEDONIAASIA(TURKEY)AFRICARomeRoman Republic 200100 bcRoman Republic 200100 bcRepublic in 100 bcRepublic in 200 bcCreator of the Roman Empire Julius C
10、aesar was born into a troubled world.The vast and powerful Roman Republic spread over many miles and contained many provinces,but it suffered from widespread corruption.The republic had been embroiled in civil war and unrest for years.Dangers also existed at home in Romeespecially for those engaged
11、in politics.Thrust into this world,Caesar dominated both the military and political arenas in his relatively short life.A brilliant man of enormous energy,he accomplished more than perhaps any world leader in history.Many languages and cultures,and some governments,connect to ancient Rome,and one of
12、 its greatest leadersCaesar.5Julius Caesar Level YThe World in the Time of Caesar Rome began as a city-statea political entity composed of a city and the surrounding countryside that supported it.Romes neighboring city-states largely shared the same language,culture,and religion,but they were often
13、at war with one another.By 250 bc,the dominant city-state of Rome controlled all of the Italian Peninsula.Emperors ruled the Kingdom of Rome.According to legend,in 509 bc,the Roman people rose up and expelled their last king,and the Roman Republic was born.The people wanted no more kings.The Roman R
14、epublics hatred of monarchy proved a very important part of the history of the Roman Empire.In the republic,citizens elected their own leaders,called consuls.Two consuls were elected every year to govern Rome,with help from a legislative body called the Senate.In the Roman Republic,the wealthy lando
15、wners,known as the patricians,and the lesser landowners and poorer people known as plebeians often argued.The Republic of Rome expanded,and as it did,it set up provinces run by governors.A provincial governor could become very rich providing food and slaves for Rome.Unfortunately,corruption in provi
16、ncial government was rampant.6Under this system,the upper-class patricians benefited far more than the plebeian citizens.The economy in Rome was in ruins.When the tension between rich and poor became too great,a bloody civil war began.Caesar was born in the midst of this turmoil,on July 12 or 13,100
17、 bc,to an established and upper-class,yet not particularly wealthy or important family.Caesars parents educated him well and probably prepared him for a career in politics.When Caesar was sixteen,his father died abruptly.In that same year,Caesar married Cornelia,the daughter of an important plebeian
18、 politician.Soon after,a man named Sulla rose to power in Rome.Sulla,a patrician,ordered the young Caesar to divorce Cornelia.Caesar refused,and by refusing he made his plebeian leanings clear.A statue of Caesar stands where the Roman Senate once met.There are hundreds of statues of Caesar throughou
19、t Europe.7Julius Caesar Level YCaesar behaved honorably,but dangerously.Disobeying Sulla could result in arrest or even execution.To escape the threats of Rome,he joined the army and went off to fight in the provinces.Because he came from a patrician family,Caesars superiors made him an officer in t
20、he army.His early military experience was positive;he liked the men he commanded,and they admired and respected him.When he heard that Sulla died in 78 bc,Caesar returned to Rome and resumed working in politics.Caesar excelled at negotiating Romes treacherous political world,and he advanced rapidly.
21、He allied himself with a popular military hero and politician named Pompey the Great.When Cornelia died in 69 bc,Caesar married Pompeys daughter,Pompeia.Caesar continued to flourish.In 63 bc,Romans elected him Pontifex Maximus,the high priest of the Roman religion.Two years later,he became the gover
22、nor of a large Roman province in present-day Spain.Caesar wearing a crown of laurel leaves8The Commander in Gaul When he returned from Spain,Caesar ran for the government position of consul.In 59 bc,Romans elected him to that important office,much to the frustration of the patrician senators.He serv
23、ed for a year and was appointed governor of Gaul for a five-year term.In present-day northern Italy and France,Gaul gave Caesar a place to enlarge the military and plan expansion of the Roman Republic.Beyond Gaul,a wild and untamed frontier stretched as far as any Roman knew.Caesar knew little of th
24、at land,yet the Gallic and Germanic tribes who occupied it loomed large in the Roman imagination.The famous Roman legionnaires,or soldiers,respected and feared them as fearless,masterful warriors.Others before Caesar had led armies beyond the frontier,but with little success.Some had even suffered t
25、errible defeats when northern tribes invaded Roman territory.While the northern tribes were daunting,the Roman legions had far better organization.Their chain of command and communications enabled them to maneuver rapidly and effectively.The better-equipped Roman army in Gaul had another big advanta
26、ge over its enemiesCaesar.9In a painting by Lionel Royer,a Gallic commander surrenders to Caesar.Julius Caesar Level YWhile in Gaul,Caesar managed and sharpened a fighting army such as the world had never seen.Many provincial governors treated their legions poorly and broke promises they made.Caesar
27、 never did so,and his men loved and respected him for it.Caesar fought side by side with his soldiers,and he ordered his other generals to do the same.A great orator,Caesar encouraged his sometimes outnumbered and terrified troops,inspiring them to new heights of bravery.Caesars armies triumphed,and
28、 they and their leader became popular heroes in Rome.Three outcomes indicate Caesars success in Gaul.First,he united all of Gaul under Roman control.Monetary systems,government,and engineering greatly affected how Europe would grow.Second,he won the undying loyalty of his legions.Finally,all of his
29、campaigning and success in Gaul made Caesar wealthy.10Julius CaesarPompeyCrassusCaesar was on good terms with both Crassus and Pompey,and was able to smooth their differences,creating a powerful alliance.The First Triumvirate Caesar was in Gaul for ten years,but all that time he remained a powerful
30、political presence in Rome.He always had peoplehis alliesworking in his interest there.For a while,Caesar and Pompey remained close.After being elected consul in 59 bc,Caesar married his daughter Julia to Pompey,which further strengthened Caesar and Pompeys relationship.At the time,Caesar had anothe
31、r political ally named Crassus,who was one of the richest men in all of Rome.Pompey and Crassus had been political rivals,but Caesar cleverly united them.The three men worked as a team and had massive political power in Rome.They are now known as the First Triumvirate.11Do You Know?One of Caesars gr
32、eatest achievements was reforming the Roman calendar.It had been a lunar calendar that accounted for 355 days.In most modern calendars,there are 365 days in a year.Before Caesar,leaders decided where to add the extra ten days,which let them manipulate important election dates and holidays.Caesar wor
33、ked with astronomers to create a new calendar that was based on Earths movements around the Sun.Additional days were added to specific months,and the concept of the leap year was introduced.The month of July is named after Caesar.Julius Caesar Level YAs time went on,though,Caesars success in Gaul ma
34、de the other two men jealous,and they saw him as a threat.They managed to maintain their alliance for a time,but when Julia passed away in 54 bc,the family link between Caesar and Pompey was broken.When Crassus was killed in battle the next year,the triumvirate was finished.Pompey withdrew from Caes
35、ar and made alliances with patrician members of the Senate who also felt threatened by Caesars rise.12Civil WarWhen Caesars term was up in Gaul,he returned to Rome to run for consul again.He knew that bringing his armies with him would be considered an act of war,but he feared that if he returned al
36、one,he would be arrested and possibly murdered.Knowing Pompey still had command of his own armies,Caesar was left with no choice.Therefore,hoping to fix the broken government in Rome,Caesar crossed the Rubicon River with his armies in 49 bc and marched into the capital.Caesar believed he had the sup
37、port of the citizens of Rome,but the result of his actions was a terrible civil war.Pompey brought his forces out to meet Caesar,but Caesars battle-tested troops quickly dominated and chased them out of Italy.Caesar pursued and destroyed Pompeys army.Eventually,Pompey himself was killed.Caesar leads
38、 his troops across the Rubicon River into Italy.13Caesars Murder by German painter Karl Theodor von PilotyJulius Caesar Level YCaesar returned to Rome a triumphant hero,but the government remained in crisis,and the Senate named Caesar dictator.Shortly before his death he was named dictator for life.
39、Understandably,this greatly upset his opponents in the Senate.Rome was never supposed to be ruled by a king again,but in the Senates eyes,that was what appeared to be happening.In his short time as head of state,Caesar reformed the taxation system,began great public works,and granted Roman citizensh
40、ip to many in the provinces.He was also very forgiving toward the many who had supported Pompey.This,combined with appearing as a king,led to Caesars downfall.On March 15,44 bc,the Ides of March,a group of senators assassinated Caesar.14A coin dated 44 bc shows Julius Caesar with Venus on the revers
41、e.Caesars family claimed to descend from the goddess Venus.This map shows the Roman Republic at the time of Caesars death.MEDITERRANEAN SEABLACK SEAATLANTIC OCEANGAUL(FRANCE)SPAINGREECEMACEDONIAASIA(TURKEY)AFRICARomeRoman Republic 45 bcRoman Republic 45 bcCaesars LegacyUpon his murder,Caesar instant
42、ly became a martyr,and in 42 bc he was declared a god.The immediate aftermath of his assassination was chaos and,tragically,more civil war ensued.When it was finally over,the Roman Empire was born.The Roman Empire that Caesar put into motion carried on for centuries,shaping modern Europe and much of
43、 our world today.15The Life of Julius CaesarThe Life of Julius Caesar55 bc:Defeats Germanic tribes that invade Gaul;takes legions across Rhine River;invades Britain100 bc:Julius Caesar is born84 bc:Father dies;marries Cornelia8382 bc:Sulla gains control of Rome78 bc:Sulla dies;Caesar returns to Rome
44、73 bc:Elected Pontifex69 bc:Cornelia dies54 bc:Daughter Julia,who was married to Pompey,dies58 bc:Becomes governor of Gaul;defeats northern tribes67 bc:Marries Pompeia,the daughter of his ally Pompey53 bc:Crassus defeated in battle and killed63 bc:Elected Pontifex Maximus62 bc:Divorces Pompeia6059 b
45、c:Returns to Rome;elected consul;marries Calpurnia;forms First Triumvirate49 bc:Crosses the Rubicon;civil war begins44 bc:Ides of March assassination10090807060504030Julius Caesar Level Y16Glossaryallied(v.)joined with others for a common cause(p.7)assassinated(v.)killed in a planned attack,often fo
46、r political purposes(p.13)campaigning(n.)the performance of a planned series of military actions(p.9)chaos(n.)confusion;lack of order(p.14)corruption(n.)dishonest or criminal behavior by those in power(p.4)dictator(n.)a leader who rules with total power,usually by force(p.13)embroiled(adj.)involved
47、deeply in a conflict or difficult problem(p.4)legislative(adj.)of or relating to the branch of government that makes laws(p.5)martyr(n.)a person who suffers or dies because of his or her beliefs or actions(p.14)monarchy(n.)a government ruled by a single nonelected person,such as a king or queen(p.5)orator(n.)a public speaker,especially an eloquent one(p.9)provinces(n.)territories or countries brought under Roman rule(p.4)