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1、第3讲十大词类和八种句子成分2023初升高英语衔接初升高英语衔接一、十大词类一句话记住十大词类Wow!The beautiful girl gave two kisses to him and run away quickly!口诀助记十大词:_感叹词冠词形容词名词动词数词名词介词代词连词动词副词副词名代动，形副数，介连冠感一、十大词类分类名称缩写意义重要考点实词名词n.命名万事万物：分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词可分为_和_可数名词变复数、常见不可数名词、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化代词pron.代名词：_、_、_、_等各种代词的用法；it的用法动词v.表动作或状态：包括 _、_、_和 _
2、谓语动词的时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气；非谓语动词形容词adj.修饰_或_形容词变副词；形容词、副词的比较级和最高级；动词、名词变形容词；易混形容词副词辨析副词adv.修饰_、_、_或_数词num.表数量/顺序：分为 _和 _基数词和序数词的用法可数名词不可数名词人称代词物主代词反身代词不定代词行为动词系动词助动词情态动词名词代词动词形容词另外一个副词整个句子基数词序数词一、十大词类分类名称缩写意义重要考点虚词介词prep.介词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，需用在_、_、_和_的前面介词的用法及搭配连词conj.分为 _和 _并列连词和从句连词的用法冠词art.用于 _前或“形容词修饰的名词”帮
3、助说明名词含义的一种虚词冠词的用法及搭配感叹词int.表语气了解实词可以_，虚词不可以_名词动名词doing代词宾语从句并列连词从句连词名词单独做句子成分单独做句子成分一、十大词类分类名称缩写意义重要考点虚词介词prep.介词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，需用在_、_、_和_的前面介词的用法及搭配连词conj.分为 _和 _并列连词和从句连词的用法冠词art.用于 _前或“形容词修饰的名词”帮助说明名词含义的一种虚词冠词的用法及搭配感叹词int.表语气了解实词可以_，虚词不可以_名词动名词doing代词宾语从句并列连词从句连词名词单独做句子成分单独做句子成分1.Young _(child)sat
4、under a tree with green _(leaf)and talked about their dreams.Some _(student)dream was that they hoped they would became great _(music).2.Mr.Zhang is _(we)English teacher and he always helps_(I)learn English patiently.He taught _(he)when he was young.I consider him a friend of _(I).3.The boys father
5、_(pass)away two years ago,_(leave)him a great sum of money.4.In the past few years,great changes _(take)place in our hometown.一、十大词类childrenleavesstudentsmusicianourhimselfmeminepassedleavinghave taken5._(unlucky),the old man was _(serious)hurt in the accident.But doctors were_(amaze)that the man re
6、covered much _(quickly)than expected.6._(hundred)of guests gathered to celebrate the old mans_(ninety-nine)birthday.Although the old man was in his _(ninety),he was in good health.7._a cold morning,a group _ policemen searched the forest _the murderer（杀人犯）.8.They searched everywhere _still couldnt f
7、ind the murder _ killed the woman.9.As_ university student,I was moved by_movie My people,My country.一、十大词类HundredsofninetiesOnforbutaninety-ninthwho/thattheUnluckilyserioulyamazedmore quickly二、八大句子成分一句话搞懂英语八大句子成分I saw my friend Jack dancing in the room and he was happy.口诀助记八大句子成分:_主语谓语定语宾语同位语宾补状语主谓
8、语（系动词）表语句子是一家，八人来帮它；主谓宾表补，定状同位语。二、八大句子成分主语：动作的发出者，一般位于句首The sun rises in the east.(名词)I am an exchange student from the UK.Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.To start my won company is my dream.That he isnt at home is not true.It is useful to learn English.
9、The rich are not always happy.How to learn English well troubles me.代词动名词doing不定式to do主语从句it 作形式主语the+形容词表一类人疑问词+不定式二、八大句子成分谓语：即谓语动词，表动作或状态，一般在主语后He practises speaking English everyday.He is an excellent teacher.My sister is crying over there.I would stay at home all day.行为动词系动词助动词+行为动词/系动词情态动词+行为动词
10、原形/系动词原形二、八大句子成分宾语：动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词及介词后He wrote a letter to me.I want to visit the museum.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think that he is fit for the job.I find it hard to learn English.We should help the poor.I dont know where to go.名词todo不定式动名词doing宾语从句it作形式主语the+形容词表一类人疑问词+不定式todo表语：一般在系动词后，
11、说明主语的身份、特征和状态Im a freshman at senior high school.The food tastes good.The machine is under repair.My dream is to be an English teacher.My hobby is playing football.The news is exciting.I feel excited.The problem is that we dont have enough money.The war was over.二、八大句子成分名词形容词介词短语to do 不定式动名词doing现在分
12、词doing/过去分词done表语从句副词二、八大句子成分补语：包括宾语补足语和主语补足语。最常见的是宾语补足语，对宾语进行补充说明His father named him Goudan.The news makes him sad.We found everything in good order.It allows people to get close to nature./It makes us cry.We saw her entering the room.I found my money stolen.二、八大句子成分定语：修饰名词或代词,如果定语是由一个单词，通常要前置即前置定
13、语；如果定语是一个词组或一个句子时，通常则后置即后置定语Guilin is a beautiful city.The boy under the tree is TomThe boy crying over there is my sister.The man who visited our class yesterday is an expert.二、八大句子成分状语：修饰动词、形容词、另外一个副词或整个句子,说明动作的方式、时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、伴随等或形容词、副词的状态特征He does his homework carefully in his study e
14、very morning.Feeling tired,he went to bed without supper.Anna had a terrible accident when she was six.The boy is very strong and runs extremely fast.二、八大句子成分同位语：对名词进行补充说明的名词、名词短语或从句即同位语从句Mr.Zhang,my English teacher,is very handsome.He told me the news that our team won the game.二、八大句子成分英语句子成分歌（RAP）
15、英语句子八呀八大块，主谓宾表真呀真实在；补语跟着宾语跑，定语同位语专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑身的毛病真呀真不少，前后乱窜它还会加塞。练习1.读句子并说出单词的词性和句子的成分。I am Li Hua,a boy of 16.I like music very much because I have been fond of singing since I was a child.I find it interesting to teach myself music in my spare time.练习2.分析划线部分的句子成分并把句子翻译成汉语。1.Recent
16、ly I have carried out a survey among the students in our class.2.One day some of my students were talking about what they would like to be in the future.3.Music can make our mind peaceful after a whole day of tiring work.4.The meeting held yesterday was important.5.Every day he was forced to work from morning till night.6.Word came that the mayor(市长)would pay a visit to our school next week.THANK YOU！