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1、英语过去完成时的构成及用法1 .过去完成时的构成过去完成时由had+过去分词构成，其中had不随人称和数的变化而 变化。I had finished my homework when my father arrived home last night.昨晚我父亲到家时，我已经完成了作业。They had just had their dinner when I called.我打电话来时，他们 刚吃完晚饭。2 .过去完成时的用法过去完成时表示在过去的某个动作或时间之前已经发生的动作或已 经存在的状态，也称为“过去的过去“。常用的时间状语有：when , before , than , unti
2、l引导的含有过去时的时间状语从句，by （到 为止）引导的时间状语（例如，by the end of last year到去年末为 止）By the end of last year, we had planted 2000 trees到去年年末为 止，我们已种了 2000棵树。He had known the incident before I toldhim about it.在我告诉他 这件事之前，他已经知道了。When the enemy arrived at the village, our troops had already left.敌人到达村庄时,我们的部队已经离开了。过去完
3、成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前开始，一直持续 到过去这一时间，并有可能y寺续下去。常用的时间状语有:for+段时间， since+点时间或从句，after引导的时间状语从句。We were happy to see him because he had been away from us for two years.我们很高兴见到他,因为他已经离开我们两年了。It was dinner time and he was tired because he had worked since dawn.现在是吃晚饭的时间，他很累，因为他从天亮就开始工作。 过去完成时表示原有的打算，意图，希望
4、等，但没有实现，常用的动 词有：think , want, hope , intend , mean , suppose , expect, plan 等。I had expected to visit the Great Wall last summer, but I didn t have enough time.去年夏天我本来想去参观长城，但是我没有足够 的时间。I had hoped to see him, but he left ahead of time.我本来希望见到 他，但他提前走了。过去完成时用于虚拟语气中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，常用于： 讦引导的条件句中,wish引导的
5、宾语从句中1as if引导的状语从句中。If you had come here yesterday, you would have seen the movie star.如果你昨天来这里，你就会看到那个电影明星了。I wish I had passed the exam last term.我真希望我上学期通过了考 试。He spoke as if he had been to England.他说起话来好像去过英国 似的。过去完成时用于固定句型中：hardly/scarcely/barely.when.; no sooner. than刚就，其 中主句时态常用过去完成时。He had hardly arrived home when it began to rain.他冈！至!家就开始 下雨了。He had no sooner left home than the telephone rang.他刚离开家, 电话铃就响了。当hardly/scarcely/barely/no sooner位于句首时主句部分倒装。Hardly had he arrived home when it began to rain.No sooner had he left home than the telephone rang.