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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载过去完成时定义过去完成时 past perfect 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态；它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去 ”；基本结构 主语 +had+ 过去分词 vpp.done 确定句：主语 +had+ 过去分词 . 否定句：主语 +had+not+ 过去分词 . 一般疑问句：Had+ 主语 +过去分词 . 确定回答： Yes, 主语 +had. 否定回答： No, 主语 +had not . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+ 主语 +过去分词）？基本用法（ 1） 表示在过去
2、某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动 作；即 “过去的过去 ”；可以用 by, before ,by the time +从句等介词短语或一个 时间状语从句 来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,仍可能通过上下文来表示；例如：By nine oclock last night, we had got200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚 9 点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片；（ 2） 表示由过去的某一时刻开头,始终连续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和 for, since 构成的时间状语连用；例如： I had been
3、 at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20 分钟；He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949 年以来他就在那家工厂工作；（ 3） 表达过去发生的事情,在已表达了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时；例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了；他以前是我的好友；I didn t kno
4、w a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied mylesson. 我对动词一无所知,由于我没有好好学习功课；（ 4） 在含有 定语从句 的主从复合句中,假如表达的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时；例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归仍了我借的书；She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了；（5）过去完成经经常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的 宾语从句 （或 间接引语 ）中,这时从句中的动作发生
5、在主句表示的过去的动作之前；例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟识她；I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载（6） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时；发生在后,用 一般过去时 ；如 when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的raining. 例如：When
6、 I woke up, it had already stopped 我醒来时雨已停了；She didn t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉；留意： 假如两个动作紧接着发生,就经常不用过去完成时,特殊是在包含 before 和 after 的复合句中, 由于 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后次序已经特别明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时；例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之
7、后,努力提高他的英语水平；（ 7） 动词 think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend 等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,期望,准备或意图等；例如：They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们原来准备去帮忙,但没有准时赶到那里；We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我们原来期望能来看看你；（ 8） 过去完成时仍可用在hardly when , no sooner than , It was the first second, etc
8、 time that等固定句型中；when the audience interrupted him. 例如： Hardly had he begun to speak 他刚开头演讲,听众就打断了他；No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了；It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了；时间状语before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner than ,yet ,alre
9、ady 等；过去完成时 -语法判定1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种 时态 都有特定的时间状语；与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点；如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点；如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点；如：They had planted six hundred
10、trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由 “过去的过去 ” 来判定；过去完成时表示“过去的过去 ”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时；这种用法常显现在：（ 1 ）宾语从句中名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,学习必备欢迎下载从句要用过去完成时；且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句；如：She said that s
11、he had seen the film before. 3. 依据上、下文来判定；I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. ent to Beijing. We hadnt seen each other since he w过去完成时专项练习1He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was
12、 sever. d, A. did, do B. has, done ； C did, did. D. ha done C. had learned D. learnt 3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was tenA. learned B. was learning 4. She _lived here for _ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home
13、yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she _ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war. 名师归纳总结 A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from 第 3 页,共 6 页C. has hi
14、dden, with D. had hidden, with - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载8. By the time he was ten years old, he _. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.
15、 y A. for D. at B. in C. b10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten. A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _ in the factory for three years befor
16、e he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge. A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football. A. a theB. the theC. / theD. the /15. By the time h
17、e was 4, he _ a lot of German words. D. learns A. had learned B. has learned C. learned 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom. A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000. A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,
18、共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago. A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived 19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned 20. Fergie_ the project in on
19、e hour. A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished 21. The man _ his coat and went out. A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on 22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18. A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works 23. Dad _ while he _ TV. A .fell asleep wat
20、chB. was falling asleep watchedC. fell asleep was watching D . had fallen asleep watched一.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ paint the house before we _ move in. 2. That rich old man _ make a will before he _ die. 3. They _ study the map of the country before they _ leave. 4. The robbers _ run away before the police
21、men_ arrive. 5. I _ turn off all the lights before I _ go to bed. 6. Paul _ go out with Jane after he _ make a phone call. 7. Tom _ say he _ read the book twice. 8. Our plan _ fail because we _ make a bad mistake. 9. When the chairman _ finish speaking, he _ leavethe hall. 10.The Reads _ _ have lunc
22、h when I _get to their house. 11.When I _arrive at the station, he _leave. 12.We _learn about 4000 English words by the end of last term. 13. I waited until he _finish his homework. 14. We were surprised at what she _already _do 15.She _not go to Qingdao because she _ be there before. 16. He _not te
23、ll you the news yet. 17. He said he _already_give the book to the teacher. 18. I _be to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _be to Sanya three times. 20.She _play the guitar while her sister_sing. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载一.用动词的适当形式填空1. had painted. moved 2.
24、had made . died 3. had studied left 4. had run away.arrived 5. had turned off went 6. went had made 7. said had read 8 failed had made 9. had finished left 10. were having/had had got 11. arrived .had left 12. had learned 13. had finished 14. had .done 15 didnt go had been 16. hasnt told 17 had given 18. have been 19. had been 20. was playing was singing 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页