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1、精品_精品资料_过去完成时定义过去完成时 pastperfect 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态.它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去 ”.基本结构主语 +had+ 过去分词 vpp.done确定句：主语+had+ 过去分词 .否定句：主语+had+not+ 过去分词 .一般疑问句：Had+ 主语 +过去分词 .确定回答： Yes, 主语 +had.否定回答： No, 主语 +hadnot.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（ Had+ 主语 +过去分词）？ 基本用法（ 1） 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作.即 “
2、过去的过去 ”.可以用 by,before ,bythetime+从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,仍可能通过上下文来表示.例如：Bynineoclocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship. 到昨晚 9 点钟,我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片.（ 2） 表示由过去的某一时刻开头,始终连续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,si nce 构成的时间状语连用.例如： I hadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.当车来的时候,我在车站已等
3、了20 分钟.Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他说自从 1949 年以来他就在那家工厂工作.（ 3） 表达过去发生的事情,在已表达了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时.例如： Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.史密斯先生昨天去世了.他以前是我的好友.I didn t knowathingabouttheverbs,forI hadnotstudiedmylesson.我对动词一无所知,由于我没有好好学习功课.（ 4） 在含有 定语从句 的主从复合句中
4、,假如表达的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时.例如： I returnedthebookthatI hadborrowed.我已归仍了我借的书.Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丢失的钥匙找到了.（5） ）过去完成经经常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的 宾语从句 （或 间接引语 ）中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前.例如： Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他说他很熟识她.I thoughtI hadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了.可编辑
5、资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_（6） ） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时. 发生在后,用 一般过去时 .如 when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引导的例如： WhenI wokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒来时雨已停了.Shedidn t gotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉.留意： 假如两个动作紧接着发生,就经常不用过去完成时,特殊是在包含before 和 aft er 的复合句中, 由于 这 时从句的动作和主句的动
6、作发生的先后次序已经特别明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时.例如： AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平.（ 7） 动词 think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,期望,准备或意图等.例如： Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他们原来准备去帮忙,但没有准时赶到那里.Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我们原来期望能来看看
7、你.（ 8） 过去完成时仍可用在hardly when,nosoonerthan ,It wasthefirstsec ond,etctimethat等固定句型中.例如： Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开头演讲,听众就打断了他.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了.Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.这是他那一年第三次失业了.时间状语before,when,after,by+,until,once,
8、hadnosoonerthan, yet , already等.过去完成时 -语法判定1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态 都有特定的时间状语.与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1） by+ 过去的时间点.如：I hadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight.（ 2） bytheendof+ 过去的时间点.如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（ 3） before+ 过去的时间点.如：Theyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforela
9、stWednesday.2. 由 “过去的过去 ”来判定.过去完成时表示“过去的过去 ”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时.这种用法常显现在：（ 1）宾语从句中可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时.在 told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句.如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.3. 依据上、下文来判定.I metWangTaointhestreetyesterda
10、y.Wehadntseeneachothersincehew enttoBeijing.过去完成时专项练习1. He asked meduring the summer holidays.A. where I had beenB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where had I gone2. WhatJaneby the time he was sever.A. did, doB. has,doneC did, did.D. ha d,done3. I900 English words by the time I was ten.A. lea
11、rnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. learnt4. Shelived here foryears.A. had,a fewB. has,severalC. had,a lot ofD. has,a great dealof5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, Ithe dinner already.A had cookedB. cookedC. have cookedD. was cooked6. She said shethe principle alreadyA .has seenB. sa
12、wC. will seeD. had seen7. She said her familythemselvesthe army during the war.A. has hidden, fromB. had hidden, fromC. has hidden, withD. had hidden, with可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8. By the time he was ten years old, he.A. has completed universityB. has completed the univ ersityB. had completed an un
13、iversityD. had completed university9. She had written a number of booksthe end of last year.A. forB. inC. b yD. at10. Heto playbefore he was 11 years old.A had learned, pianoB. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the pianoD. learns ,piano.11. WhatAnnieby the time he was ten.A. did, doB. did, didC.
14、 has, doneD. had done12 .Hein the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has workedB. worksC. had workedD. will work13. By the end of last week, theythe bridge.A. has completedB. completedC. will completeD. had completed14. Ben hates playingviolin,but he likes playingfootball.A. a theB
15、. the theC. /theD. the /15. By the time he was 4,hea lot of German words.A. had learnedB. has learnedC. learnedD. learns16 .Jim turned off the lights and thenthe classroom.A. was leftB. had leftC. has leftD. left17. Theyin Guangzhou since 2022.A. livedB. had livedC. have livedD. were living可编辑资料 - -
16、 - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_18. The train from Beijingten minutes ago.A. has arrivedB. was arrivingC. arrivedD. had arrived19. The studentstheir classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleanedB. had cleanedC. was cleanedD. have been cleaned20. Fergiethe project in one hour.A. have finishedB. will finishC. f
17、inishesD. has finished21. The manhis coat and went out.A. put onB. had put onC. will put onD. was putting on22 My motherin that factory at the age of 18.A. had workedB. has workedC. workedD. works23. Dadwhile heTV.A .fell asleepwatchB. was falling asleepwatchedC. fell asleep was watchingD . had fall
18、en asleepwatched一.用动词的适当形式填空1. Wepaint the house before wemove in.2. That rich old manmake a will before hedie.3. Theystudy the map of the country before theyleave.4. The robbersrun away before the policemenarrive.5. Iturn off all the lights before Igo to bed.6. Paulgo out with Jane after hemakea ph
19、one call.7. Tomsay heread the book twice.8. Our planfail because wemake a bad mistake.9. When the chairmanfinish speaking, heleavethe hall.10. The Reads have lunch when Iget to their house.11. When Iarrive at the station, heleave. 12.Welearn about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I wai
20、ted until hefinish his homework.14. We were surprised at what shealreadydo15. Shenot go to Qingdao because shebe there before.16. Henot tell you the news yet.17. He said healreadygive the book to the teacher.18. Ibe to Shanghai before.19. She told me shebe to Sanya three times.20. Sheplay the guitar
21、 while her sistersing.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一.用动词的适当形式填空1. had painted. moved2. had made . died3. had studied left4. had run away.arrived5. had turned off went6. went had made7. said had read8 failed had made9. had finished left10. were having/had had got11. arrived .had left 12. had learned13. had finished14. had .done15 didnt go had been16. hasnt told 17 had given18. have been19. had been20. was playing was singing可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载