高二英语暑假课(外研版2019选择必修1)名词性从句.docx

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1、高二英语暑假精品课(外研版2019选择必修1)名词性从句学习1 .掌握名词性从句的三要素和类型判定。2 .掌握名词性从句中引导词的意义和用法1 .引入:有一个包括5个that的英语句子对吗?He said (that) that nthatn that he used was wrong.I think that that “that that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.2 .定义:英语名词性从句成分是根据从句在主句中的位置划分的,任何一个句子,一旦处 于主句某个成分的位置上,它就成了相应的.语从句。二.引导词的作用:2. i

2、f/ whether3. who/whom/whose/what4. why/where/when/how/how many考查表语从句。句意:他今天不在。那是因为他生病了。分析句子结构,空处 引导表语从句。A. when引导表语从句时,意为何时,在从句中作时间状 语;B. because引导表语从句时,意为因为,后面的句子表示原因;C. why 引导表语从句时,意为为什么,后面的句子表示结果;D. that引导表语从 句时,在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用且无词义。根据句意,他生病是他 今天不在的原因,所以应用because引导。故选B。考点三:同位语从句连接词that (重点),wheth

3、er,1) We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。2) There is some doubt whether he will come.他是否会来还不一定。3) There is no doubt that you should practice speaking English every day.毫无疑问,你应该每天练习说英语。总结:there be句型相关的同位语从句1) There is no doubt that.2) There is no possibility/chance that.3) There is

4、some evidence that.4)区别 It is no wonder that.3.【单句填空】活学活用:1. I have come to the conclusionit was unwise to do that.(用适当的词 填空)知识点名词性从句答案that解析考查同位语从句。句意:我得出的结论是,那样做是不明智的。分析句子结构, 空处引导一个同位语从句,解释说明conclusion的内容。从句中成分和意义均完整,应用that引导,只起连接作用,无实意。故填that02. Along with the letter was his promise he would visi

5、t me thiscoming Christmas.A. which B. that C. what D. whether知识点名词性从句答案B解析考查同位语从句。句意:随同他的信而来的是他的诺言,他会在即将来临的圣 诞节期间来看我。分析可知,he would visit me this coming Christmas 为同位语从句,对promise的内容解释,从句不缺少成分也不缺少意思用that 连接同位语从句,只起连接作用。故选Bo3is no doubtBob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; that B. It; that

6、 C. There; whether D, It; whether知识点答案A解析试题分析:考查固定句型。句意:毫无疑问鲍勃能够在比赛中获得第一名。there is no doubt that.毫无疑问,该句型是固定句型。故选Ao4. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in timefor the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if知识点名词性从句答案解析考查引导同位语从句。句意:比尔很有可能及时康复,参加比赛。抽象名词 chance后面that引导同位语从句,具体说明chance

7、(可能性)的内容。故选A。5. Information has been put forward more middle school graduateswill be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as知识点名词性从句答案B解析考查同位语从句。句意:据报道,更多的中学毕业生将被大学录取。此处为同 位语从句,说明information的内容,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,故用只起 连接作用的that。故选B。6. 一Its thirty years since we last met一But I still remem

8、ber the story, believe it or not,we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. what D. when知识点名词性从句 答案B解析考查同位语从句。句意:自从我们最后一次见面已经30年。但是我 仍旧记得那个故事,信不信由你,我仍然记得我们在那下雨的晚上迷路的事情。 本题同位语从句前面的名词是the story ,that引导的同位语从句that we got lost on a rainy night是对名词the story内容的解释说明,从句句意完整, 成分齐全,that在句中不充当任何成分,只起引导作用。

9、故B正确。解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构,知道引导词的使用习惯。通过判 断引导词在从句中所作的成分,来选择正确的引导词。连接同位语从句的从属 连词主要有 that, if, whether,和疑问词(what how where when .)o that 引导表示陈述句的同位语从句,if和whether .whether.or not引导表示是 否的一般疑问句的同位语从句。连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whoever,whatever,whichev er等。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可

10、以指陈 述。连接副词主要有 when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 等。7. Danby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon .A. who B. that C. as D. which知识点名词性从句答案B解析考查同位语从句。句意:Danby给我的秘书留下话,下午他再打电话。分析可 知,设空处连接同位语从句,下午他再打电话是word的具体内容,从句 不缺少成分也不缺少意思,故此处用that连接的同位语从句。故选B。考点四:宾语从句宾语从句

11、的连接词三句话:陈述句用that(可省略),特殊疑问句用疑问词,一般疑问句用if或 whether,表是否1)宾语从句如果是陈述句,用that连接,无意义,可省略,但是作为主语不能 省略。He said that he would go to the zoo the next day. (that 可以省略)She says that is a useful book她说那是一本有用的书(that连词同时作主语,不能 省略)2)宾语从句是一般疑问句,要用if和whether连接,if常用于口语,whether 常用语书面语,一般情况下可以互换I wonder if/whether it wil

12、l rain tomorrow 我想知道明天是否会下雨注意: 以下情况一般只用whether不用if。1)后接带to的动词不定式,只能用whetheroI dont know whether to do the task.2)与or not连用时,只能用whether oIm not sure whether or not he will come back tomorrow.3)所引导的从句作介词的宾语时,只能用whether。It depends on whether it will be fine tomorrow.4)当引导的宾语从句位于句首,表示强调时,只能用whether。Whet

13、her he will succeed , I am not sure.他是否能成功,我不确定3、宾语从句是特殊疑问句,连词要用特殊疑问词what/when/where/who等引导的宾语从句,疑问词放句首,后面是陈述句语序 此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序,由wh-开头的 疑问词引导。包括 who, whom, whose, what, which 等连接代词和 where, when, how, why等连接副词,这些引导词有各自的意思,在从句中要作相应的成分,不能省 略。例如:He doesnt tell me what color he likes (作宾语)

14、他没有告诉我他喜欢什么颜色。注意:特殊疑问词作主语,问句本身就是陈述句语序,变宾语从句无需调语序Do you know what is the matter with him?你知道他怎么 了吗?Do you know what happened ?你知道发生了什么事?Do you know who is in the classroom?你知道谁在教室里由例 4.【针对练习】引导词的运用(that可省;if可以引导宾语从句)1.1 don t knowor not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at ho

15、me D. whether is he at home 知识点名词性从句答案A解析考查宾语从句。句意:我不知道他在家还是不在家。在英语中if和whether 都有是否的意思,但是if不能与or not连用,所以排除B ; whether。r not 是还是不是是固定搭配,所以排除C;又因为这是一个宾语从句,从 句应该用陈述语序,故排除D。故选A。1. This depends onthe weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that知识点名词性从句答案B解析考查宾语从句。句意:这取决于天气是否晴朗。分析句子结构,空处引导宾语 从句,作dep

16、ends on的宾语。A. which引导宾语从句时,意为哪一个,哪 些,在从句中作主语、宾语等成分,有选择含义;B. whether引导宾语从句 时,意为是否,在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用;C. if引导宾语从句 时,意为是否,只能引导动词后的宾语从句;D. that引导宾语从句时,在 从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用且无词义。根据句意并结合选项可知,这里 表示天气是否晴朗,应用whether。故选B。2. The teacher asked the new student class he was in.A. which B. where C. if D. that知识点名词性从句答案A

17、解析考查宾语从句。句意:老师问新来的学生在哪个班。引导宾语从句,从句中表示哪一个班级应用which。故选A。3. - Do you know Mr. Black7 s address is.He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street. T m not sure ofA. where; which B. where; what C. what; which D. what; where知识点名词性从句答案C解析考查代词。句意:-你知道布莱克先生的地址是什么吗? -他可能住在桥街18号或19号。我不确定是哪一个。第一个空是宾语从句,缺少表语用wha

18、t表示什么;第二个空,前面有两个选择,不知道哪个,用which表示哪一个,故选C。注意:1. what引导名词性从句时-,意为“什么”或“的”,在从句中用来作主语、宾 语、表语或定语。2. whever引导名词性从句时,其作用等同于其前面的连接词,意为“任何” 或“无论”,含有强调的语气。三.名词性从句分类:名词性从句的判断:根据从句在整句话所作的成分来判断。1. When we will start is not clear.从句2. Mrs. Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.从句3. My idea is that we

19、 should do it right now.从句4. We heard the news that our team had won.从句注意:名词性从句高考考查引导词的选择与判断;在主语从句中只能用whether,不能用if词序:陈述语序;时态:注意主从句时态的呼应四.名词性从句三步曲:一分二划三看1.“一分”即分清从句类型2、“二划”即划分出从句(用括号表示从句)3、“三看”即看从句句意是否完整1)句意不完整,选连接代词 2)句意完整,选连接副词I C考点剖析I iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiii考点一:主语从句:在句中充当主语的从句叫做主

20、语从句。1. That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.2. WAe/er he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.3. W/ial he said is not true .一般来说主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子保持平衡,避免头重脚轻”, 常用it作形式主语,从而把主语从句放后面。常以让作形式主语的句型有:常考考向1:在实际应用中,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语that从句后 置It + be +形容词+ that从句It is necessary/ important /th

21、at.有必要/重要的是注意:此时从句语气要用虚拟语气:(should) +v .(原形),should可以省略。Eg. It is necessary that a new plan should be designed at once.It + be + -ed 分词 + that 从句It is believed/said that.人们相信/说It is known to us/all that.众所周知It has been decided that已经决定Eg. If s reported that no one was killed in the earthquake.拓展:It

22、is suggested that.“建议”从句用虚拟语气(should + v.原),should可以 省。It was suggested that we should start earlier at the meeting.It + be +名词/形容词/过去分词+ that从句It is common knowledge that是常识It is a surprise/pity. that.令人惊奇/遗憾的是It is a pity that we cant go.It +不及物动词+ that从句It appears that.似乎It happens that.碰巧It occu

23、rred to me that我突然想起常考考向2:在实际应用中,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语wh-词引导的 主语从句后置It doesnt make any difference whetheror not.It remains to be seen whether1 .【单句填空】It is said/reported.that= Sb is said/reported.to do/to be doing/to have done.1. The bad weather is reported the passenger plane crash in Iran on JanuaryA.

24、 to contribute to B. contributing to C. contributed to D. to have contributed to知识点动词不定式答案D解析考查动词不定式的完成式。句意:据报道,糟糕的天气造成了伊朗1月9日的 客机空难事故。be reported/believed/said/thought to do 是一个固定结构, 意为报道/相信/据说/认为做了某事,应使用不定式。故排除B、C项。 根据句意可知,此事已经过去,故应使用不定式的完成形式表示过去和完成, 结构为to have doneo故选Do2.is the most important in

25、life is that we should always be confident about the future.A. Who B. Which C. That D. What知识点名词性从句答案D解析考查主语从句。句意:生活中最重要的是我们总是要对未来充满信心。分析句 子可知,空处引导一个主语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,表示最重要的事情,应用连接代词what引导。故选D项。3. It doesn7 t matter you turn right or left at the crossing -bothroads lead to the park.A. whether B. how C

26、. if D. when知识点名词性从句答案A解析考查名词性从句。句意:在十字路口,你是向右拐还是向左拐都没有关系一 一两条路都到公园。分析句子可知,设空处引导主语从句,it做形式主语,从 句中不缺少成分,缺少是否的意思,并且后面由or,一般和whether连 用,故选A。考点二:表语从句连接词 that, whether, as, as if, becausel)The reason for his absence was that he was ill.他缺席是因为他生病了。2)It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。3)It may be

27、because he is too young.这可能是因为他太年轻了。4)区另U : Thats because/why(This/Thatis/waswhy这/那是的原因 This/Thatis/wasbecaus。这/那是因为Thereasonwhy.i s/wasthat的原因是From space,the earth looks blue. This is about seventy one percent of itssurface is covered by water.从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约 71 %被水覆盖。The reason why he didn

28、t pass the exam was that he was too careless .他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。【单句填空】1. The question isthe film is worth seeing.A. if B. what C. whether D. how知识点名词性从句答案C解析考查表语从句。句意:问题是这部电影是否值得一看。分析句子结构可知,is 后为表语从句。空处引导表语从句,从句成份完整,但缺少是否之意,故 应用whether引导表语从句。if也有是否之意,但不能引导表语从句。故 答案为Co2. The reasonI have to go is my m

29、other is ill in bed.A. why.why B. why.because C. that.because D. why.that知识点定语从句,名词性从句答案D解析考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我必须去的理由是我母亲卧病在床。第一空 为定语从句,先行词reason在从句中做原因状语,所以用引导词why或for which ,故排除C项;第二空为is后面的表语从句,解释原因,从句句意完整, 成分齐全,所以用引导词that0故选Do3.1 can t understand is she wants to change her mind.A. What; why B. Which;

30、 how C. That; why D. What; because知识点名词性从句答案A解析考查名词性从句。句意:我不能理解的是她为什么要改变主意。分析句子结构, 第一个空引导主语从句,第二个空引导表语从句。主语从句中缺少understand 的宾语,且指物,所以应用What引导,意为什么。表语从句中缺少为 什么”的含义,所以应用why引导,why在从句中作原因状语。故选Ao4.1 had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That s I got wet allthrough.A. how B. because C. why D. that知识点名词性从句答案C解析考查表语从句。句意:我既没有雨衣也没有雨伞。这就是为什么我浑身湿透了。 分析句子可知,空格后的部分为表语从句,所以空格处应该填入一个连接词引 导表语从句,且在从句中作状语,意义为为什么,的原因,所以应该用 连接副词why。故选C。5. He is absent today. That/ s he is ill.A. when B. because C. why D. that知识点名词性从句,从属连词答案B解析

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