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1、高二英语暑假精品课（外研版2019选择必修1）谓语动词学习目标1 .复习动词的时态语态的结构和用法。2 .学会正确运用时态语态考点。基础知识一、高中常见的几种时态 二.较难理解的几种时态1 .过去将来时would do :从过去看，在将来会发生的动作He said that he would wait for us until we arrived.I thought I would accept his proposal.2 .过去进行时was/were doing ：指过去某个时刻正在进行的动作What were you doing at 2 oclock yesterday aftern
2、oon?When he called me, I was having dinner.3 .将来进行时will be doing :指将来某个时刻正在进行的动作What will you be doing at 10:00 tomorrow?This time next week, Ill be travelling in Beijing.A. Standing B. Stand C. To stand D. Stood知识点祈使句答案B解析考查祈使句。句意：站在塔顶上，你可以饱览整个城市的景色。观察句子可知, 两句话之间用and连接，构成祈使句+and+简单句句型。and前面的句 子为祈使句
3、，动词原形开头。故选B项。2.time, he II make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given知识点过去分词答案D解析考查非谓语动词。句意：假以时日，他将成为一流的网球运动员。分析句子结 构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作状语，和逻辑主语he之间 为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故选Do考点四：现在完成时（重点）：have/has done; have/has been done日寸间状语：in the past/last few years, lately recentl
4、y, just, up to now, till now, so far, these days, for+时间段;since+过去时间点江例4.【针对练习】1. When you are home, give a call to let me know you safely.A. are arriving B. have arnved C. had arrived D. will arrive知识点现在完成时答案B解析考查时态：句意：当你到家后，给我个电话让我知道你已经到家了。根据句意 可知，整句应该用现在范畴时态，你已经到家用现在完成时态，强调动作 的结果，所以这里应用现在完成时。故选B项
5、。考点1 ：It/This/That is +序数词+ time+that.表示“这是.第几次做某事,，考点 2：It is the only / the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 +that.针对练习：填空：1. It/This is my first time that IChina, (visit)(所给词的适当形式填空) 知识点现在完成时答案have visited解析考查时态。句意:这是我第一次访问中国。It/This is my first time that.这 是某人第一次做某事，that从句中要用现在完成时态，主语为I,所以要用
6、have visitedo故填 have visited02. This is the most interesting film I.(see)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点现在完成时答案have seen解析考查时态。句意：这是我看过的最有趣的电影。分析句子结构可知I 为定语从句，修饰先行词film,先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关 系代词that或which引导,也可以省略，所以空处为定语从句的谓语动词;根据前面的is以及句意可知，定语从句中用现在完成时态，表示发生在过去的 动作对现在所造成的影响。主语为10故填have seen03. That is the only book
7、 that he.(write)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点现在完成时答案has written解析考查时态。句意：那是他写的唯一一本书。空处为定语从句的谓语，根据句意 可知，书已经写完了，此处应用现在完成时表示对现在造成的影响，主语 he为单数,助动词用has0故填has written0单项填空：1. This is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family.A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen知识点现在完成时答案D解析考查现在完成时。句意：这是我们第一次作为一家人一起在
8、电影院看电影。A. see是动词原形；B. had seen是过去完成时；C. saw是一般过去时;D. have seen是现在完成时。在This/It is the +序数词+ time that.结构中，从句用 现在完成时。故选D项。拓展1 ：现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)(选必lUnit6)1.【针对练习】1. Im sure you will do better in the test because you so hard this year.A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been stud
9、ying知识点现在完成进行时答案D解析考查时态。句意：我确信你将在考试中做的更好，因为你今年一直在努力地学 习。根据语境，学习的动作是从过去一直持续到现在，不间断发生，还要持续 下去。所以用现在完成进行时。故选D。2. T m tired out. I all afternoon and I donz t seem to havefinished anything.A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping知识点现在完成进行时答案D解析 考查时态。句意为：我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物，我好像什么事都没 做成
10、似的。由语境可判断是从过去到现在一直在购物，可能还要继续下去， 所以用现在完成进行时，故选D项。温馨小贴土：1 .多表说话人的态度、感情色彩2 .现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态同时出现常选后者3 .和一般过去时态的区别拓展2：过去完成时（重点）：had done; had been done （选必lUnit5）日寸间状语：three years before,by+过去时间the end of +过去时间the time that.（过去时间）（3） when, before引导的时间状语从句考点一： 用于 hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than考点二：I
11、t/This/ That was the 序数词 + time + that.考点三：had hoped to do/that表示未曾实现的愿望、打算和意图。类似动词：expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 等I had meant to go away but couldnt get rid of the children.拓展：v. + to have done （以上动词适用）I wanted to have seen you off at the airport but I got there too late.2.【针对练习】
12、1. There25 parks in our city up till 2000. (be)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点过去完成时答案had been解析考查时态。句意：到2000年为止，我们城市已有25个公园。根据时间状语 up till 2000可知，句子要用过去完成时态,其结构为had doneo故填had beeno2. By the end of last term wethe book. (finish)(所给词的适当形式 填空)知识点过去完成时答案had finished解析 考查时态。句意：到上学期末，我们已经读完了这本书。根据时间状语by the end of last
13、term可知，句子要用过去完成时态，其结构为had doneo故填 had finished03. They finished earlier than we.(expect)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点过去完成时答案had expected解析考查动词时态。句意：他们完成得比我们预期的要早。分析句子可知，空处缺 少than后句子的谓语，根据语境可知，预期发生在完成之前，即过 去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had expectedo4.1 hadmy work when he came to see me. (finish)(所给词的适当形 式填空)知识点过去完成时答案finished解析考
14、查时态。句意：当他来看我的时候，我已经完成了工作。主句动作发生在从 句过去动作came之前，所以用过去完成时。根据句意，故填finished。5.1 had no sooner got into the room than itto snow.（begin）（所给词的适当形式填空）知识点一般过去时答案began解析考查时态。句意：我刚一进屋，天就开始下雪了。空处为从句的谓语，no sooner. than引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 故填begano6. No sooner Ihome than the telephone rang. （arrive）（注 意主谓倒装
15、）（所给词的适当形式填空）知识点过去完成时，倒装答案hadarrived解析 考查部分倒装和时态。句意:我一到家电话就响了。no sooner.than一 就，根据句意，其中no sooner所在的主句要用过去完成时态，而且no sooner可以放到句首，句子用部分倒装，其结构为助动词/系动词/情态动词+ 主语+谓语动词。所以要将had提到主语的前面。故填hadarrived。7. That was the second time that sheher grandfather, (see)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点过去完成时答案had seen解析考查动词时态。句意：那是她第二次见到她爷
16、爷。固定句型Thatwasthe+序 数词+ that +过去完成时，表示某人第几次做某事，从句用过去完成时。 故填 had seeno8. It3 years since we parted. ( be)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点一般现在时，固定句型答案is解析4 .现在完成时：have/has done :表示动作从过去开始，到现在已完成或一直持续 到现在The coronavirus has spread around since 2019.The coronavirus has affected our life in the past few years.Up to now, t
17、he scientist has not figured out the best way to beat the virus.5 .过去完成时had done:表示在过去某个时刻之前，就已经完成了的动作By the time I went home, everyone had gone to bed.He had worked in a company before he came here to teach.6 .将来完成时will have done ：表示在将来的某个时刻之前，将会完成的动作By next September, I will have stayed in this sc
18、hool for 15 years.By the end of this summer course, you will have learned all the basic knowledge for the new semester.7 .现在完成进行时have/has been doing:强调动作从过去发生，到现在一直还在进 行中We have been discussing the question all the morning.It has been raining for three hours.三.谓语动词的被动语态被动语态基本结构：Be动词+及物动词的过去分词（及物动词短语
19、也有被动语 态）。Be动词有人称、数和时态的变化1 .You are taught English by Ivy every day.（一般现在时被动语态）2 .You were taught English by your former teachers halfa year ago （一般过去时被动 语态）考查固定句型和时态。句意：自从我们分开以来已有3年了。it is+一段时 间+since从句为固定句型，意为自以来有。故填is。9. Ithat I could do the job. ( hope)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点过去完成时答案had hoped解析考查时态。句意：我希望
20、我能胜任这份工作。固定搭配had hoped that.表 示未曾实现的愿望、打算和意图。故填had hopedo10. Ito see you but I was too busy, (intend)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点过去完成时答案had intended解析考查动词时态。句意：我本来打算去看你的，但我太忙了。分析句子可知，空 处缺少谓语，打算看你发生在事实情况我很忙之前，根据was可 知，空处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，谓语用had intended.故填hadintendedo拓展1 ：现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)(选必lUnit6)I一一例L【
21、针对练习】1. Im sure you will do better in the test because you so hard this year.A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studying知识点现在完成进行时答案D解析考查时态。句意：我确信你将在考试中做的更好，因为你今年一直在努力地学 习。根据语境，学习的动作是从过去一直持续到现在，不间断发生，还要持续 下去。所以用现在完成进行时。故选D。2. T m tired out. I all afternoon and I don, t seem to have
22、finished anything.A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping知识点现在完成进行时答案D解析 考查时态。句意为：我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物，我好像什么事都没 做成似的。由语境可判断是从过去到现在一直在购物，可能还要继续下去， 所以用现在完成进行时，故选D项。温馨小贴土：1 .多表说话人的态度、感情色彩2 .现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态同时出现常选后者3 .和一般过去时态的区别拓展2：过去完成时（重点）：had done; had been done （选必lUnit5）日寸间状语：thr
23、ee years before,by+过去时间the end of +过去时间the time that.（过去时间）（3） when, before引导的时间状语从句考点一： 用于 hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than考点二：It/This/ That was the 序数词 + time + that.考点三：had hoped to do/that表示未曾实现的愿望、打算和意图。类似动词：expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 等I had meant to go away but could
24、nt get rid of the children.拓展：v. + to have done （以上动词适用）I wanted to have seen you off at the airport but I got there too late.2.【针对练习】1. There25 parks in our city up till 2000. (be)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点过去完成时答案had been解析考查时态。句意：到2000年为止，我们城市已有25个公园。根据时间状语 up till 2000可知，句子要用过去完成时态,其结构为had doneo故填had beeno2
25、. By the end of last term wethe book. (finish)(所给词的适当形式 填空)知识点过去完成时答案had finished解析 考查时态。句意：到上学期末，我们已经读完了这本书。根据时间状语by the end of last term可知，句子要用过去完成时态，其结构为had doneo故填 had finished03. They finished earlier than we.(expect)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点过去完成时答案had expected解析考查动词时态。句意：他们完成得比我们预期的要早。分析句子可知，空处缺 少than后句
26、子的谓语，根据语境可知，预期发生在完成之前，即过 去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had expectedo4.1 hadmy work when he came to see me. (finish)(所给词的适当形 式填空)知识点过去完成时答案finished解析考查时态。句意：当他来看我的时候，我已经完成了工作。主句动作发生在从 句过去动作came之前，所以用过去完成时。根据句意,故填finished。5.1 had no sooner got into the room than itto snow.（begin）（所给词 的适当形式填空）知识点一般过去时答案began解析考查时态。句意
27、：我刚一进屋，天就开始下雪了。空处为从句的谓语，no sooner. than引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 故填begano6. No sooner Ihome than the telephone rang, （arrive）（注 意主谓倒装）（所给词的适当形式填空）知识点过去完成时，倒装答案hadarrived解析 考查部分倒装和时态。句意:我一到家电话就响了。no sooner.than一 就，根据句意，其中no sooner所在的主句要用过去完成时态，而且no sooner可以放到句首，句子用部分倒装，其结构为助动词/系动词/情态动词+ 主语+谓语动词。所以要
28、将had提到主语的前面。故填hadarrived。7. That was the second time that sheher grandfather, (see)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点过去完成时答案had seen解析考查动词时态。句意：那是她第二次见到她爷爷。固定句型Thatwasthe+序 数词+ that +过去完成时，表示某人第几次做某事，从句用过去完成时。 故填 had seeno8. It3 years since we parted. ( be)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点一般现在时，固定句型答案is解析 考查固定句型和时态。句意：自从我们分开以来已有3年了。it
29、is+一段时 间+since从句为固定句型，意为自以来有。故填is。9. Ithat I could do the job. ( hope)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点过去完成时答案had hoped解析考查时态。句意：我希望我能胜任这份工作。固定搭配had hoped that.表 示未曾实现的愿望、打算和意图。故填had hopedo10. Ito see you but I was too busy, (intend)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点过去完成时答案had intended解析考查动词时态。句意：我本来打算去看你的，但我太忙了。分析句子可知，空 处缺少谓语，打算看你发生在事
30、实情况我很忙之前，根据was可 知，空处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，谓语用had intended.故填hadintendedo考点五：被动语态考查要点英语的语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态表主语是动作的承受者。此主要讲被动语态。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作 的对象。一般说来，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态。汉语常用 “被”“受”“给,，“遭”“挨”等词来表被动意义。动作执行者一般由介词by引出。被动 语态结构为:助动词be+过去分词+ by +动作执行者+ with +工具”。被动语态的时 态是通过be
31、动词变化的0构成：be/get +过去分词考点1）主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）;（作补语的）不定式前需加to。感官动词使役动词：The boss made him work all day long.考点 2）It is said /reported/ known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that “据 说/报道人们说.”=Sb is said/reported/. to do/ to be doing/ to be done考点3）不能用被动语态的几种情况。所有的不及物动词（词组）如：happen, take place, br
32、eak out等。表示归属的动词如：have、own belong to等。考点4）主动形式表被动意义feel、look smell taste sound 作系动词用时;open、lock、read、sell write, wash等表示某物本身所具备的某种特性时。This kind of cloth washes easily.These novels wont sell well.My pen writes smoothly.want, require, need“需要+ v-ing 表示被动be（well） worth doing在“be +形容词+ to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是
33、句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame（受谴责），be to rent（出租）考点5）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated 坐着 He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）be lost迷路be drunk 喝醉be dressed 穿着 The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.di例5.【针对练习】1. Mi
34、crofibers（微纤维）of jeans （discover） in water samples in the past 6 months.（所给词的适当形式填空）知识点被动语态的形式，语法一致 答案3. You are being taught English by Ivy now.（现在进行时的被动语态）4. You were being taught English by your former teachers this moment last year.（过 去进行时的被动语态）5. You will be taught by your English teacher in th
35、e new school.（ 一般将来时被动语 态）6. You have been taught English by several teachers up to now.（现在完成时被动语 态）7. You had been taught English by some other teachers before you came here.（过去 完成时被动语态）I C考点剖析iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiii考点一：一般现在时：时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week （day,
36、 year, month.）, once a week, on Sundays,考点1 ：永恒的真理date back to考点2：“主可将从必现”时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;条件：if, unless, provided/providing （that）, so/as long as考点 3： suggest, make sure /certain that, see to it that 等 + 宾语从句，从句用一般 现在时考点4：the+比较级,the +比
37、较级.（越就越）have been discovered解析考查动词时态语态。句意：在过去的6个月里，在水样中发现了牛仔裤的微纤 维。根据in the past 6 months.可知，用现在完成时，主语Microfibers 和谓语discover是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数名词 Microfibers ,谓语动词也用复数。故填 have been discovered,2. These combined letters, which could represent those sounds and could （write） down, are defined as wo
38、rds.（所给词的适当形式填空）知识点被动语态的形式答案be written解析考查情态动词的语态。句意：这些组合的字母，可以代表这些声音，可以写下 来，被定义为单词。主语后缺少谓语，情态动词could后用动词原形，主语和 谓语write是被动关系，用被动语态could be doneo故填be writteno3. The project （make） up of a 22.9-kilometre-long main bridge, a 5.6-kilometre-long tunnel and an artificial island off the bridge.（所给词的适当形式 填空
39、）知识点被动语态的形式，语法一致答案is made解析考查动词语态。句意：该工程由22.9公里长的主桥、5.6公里长的隧道和桥下 的人工岛组成。主语与谓语构成被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述客观事实，应 用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，be动词使用is0故填is made04. Restaurants in the US are places where people （serve） with cold water, which doesnt hurt anyone if it is spilled accidentally.（所给词的适当形式填空）知识点被动语态的形式答案are served解析考
40、查动词时态语态。句意：在美国的餐馆里，人们会得到冷水，即使不小心洒 了，也不会伤到任何人。根据are 可知，用一般现在时，主语people和 谓语serve是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词people , 谓语动词也用复数。故填are servedo5. It （1）（damage） partly by natural forces like earthquakes, but the greatest damage of all has been caused by man.（所给词的适当形式填空）知识点被动语态的形式 答案has been damaged解析考查时态语态。句
41、意：它的破坏部分是由地震等自然力量造成的，但最大的破 坏是人为造成的。主语与谓语构成被动关系，所以空格处的谓语动词应该用被 动语态;根据句意和句中的but the greatest damage of all has been caused by man可知，空格处的谓语动词应该用现在完成时，表示过去的动 作对现在产生的影响或结果；主语为It,助动词用haso故填has beendamagedo1. I learned that the earth（go） around the sun when I was in primaryschool.（所给词的适当形式填空）知识点一般现在时答案goes
42、解析考查时态。句意：我上小学时就知道地球绕着太阳转。分析句子可知，句子为 that引导的宾语从句，从句地球绕着太阳转陈述的是客观事实，应用 一般现在时,句子主语为earth,故动词应用三单形式，g。”的三单形 式为goes。故填goes。2. If heQ the job, he will get more money soon. （accept）（所给词的适当形式填空）知识点一般现在时答案accepts解析考查时态。句意：如果他接受这份工作，他很快就会得到更多的钱。在if引导 的条件状语从句，主句如果用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态表示将来。从句的主语为he ,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数
43、形式。故填accepts。3. So long as he hard, I dont mind when he finishes theexperiment.(work)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点一般现在时答案works解析考查动词时态。句意:只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候完成实验。so long as只要，引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，he为第三人称单数，work 用第三人称单数形式works。故填works。4. The harder you，the better results you will get.(study)(所给词的适当形式填空)知识点一般现在时答案study解
44、析考查一般现在时。句意：你学习越努力，你的成绩就会越好。此处The harder you.相当于if条件句，主句中使用一般将来时，条件状语从句中应用一般 现在时表将来。故填study。5. The parts of a museum open to the public（call） galleries or rooms.（所 给词的适当形式填空）知识点被动语态的形式答案are called解析考查动词时态及语态。句意：博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此 处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使 用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are calledo考点
45、二：一般过去时：时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week（year, night, month.）, in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long, long ago, once upon a time, etc.1. （2022 年全国乙卷）.The chairman of the China Culture PromotionSociety（address）the opening ceremony.（所给词的适当形式填空）知识点一般过去时答案addressed解析考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句子可知，本句 陈述过去事情，应该用一般过去时。故填addressed。2. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,(form)the core collection of the Briti