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1、语法精讲一一直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的定义：引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出别人的原话，被引用的句子 ； 一是用自己的话报导别人的话，被报导的部分叫做 O二、直接引语变间接引语需要注意的几点：各种句式变换；从句 变化；人称变化;、地点副词、少数动词和 的变化。1）各种句式变换1 .直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为皿引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动 词主要有 sayrepeat, explain, think 等。如：He said, Im very busy. He said （that） he was very busy.注意：如果直接引语是表示 时
2、，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The teacher said, The earth goes round the sun.f The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2 .直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为：主句的谓语动词say改为，或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled 等。（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为 引导的宾语从句。如:She said, “Do you often come here to read newspapers?
3、”f She asked me if （whether） I often went there to read newspapers.Have a try： Direct-*Indirect Speech1. Lily: Can a kangaroo jump highn】 than the Empire State Building?Jim: Yes, because the Empire State Building cant jump!2. Susan: Arent you wearing your wedding ring on the wrong finger?Jane: Yes I
4、 am, I married the wrong woman.(2)选择疑问句变为宾语从句。如：I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?” I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.Have a try： Direct-,Indirect SpeechA very drunk man comes out of the bar and sees another very drunk man.He looks up in t
5、he sky and says, Is that the sun or the moon?”The other drunk man answers, nI dont know. Pm a stranger here myself.nThe first drunk man asked(3)特殊疑问句变为who/what/when等疑问词引导的宾语从句.注意使用如：George said, “When will you get back from Shanghai, Mike?” f George asked when Mike would get back from Shanghai.Have
6、a try： DirectIndirect Speech1. Lynn: Where do you 自nd giant snails?Lucy: On the ends of their fingers.Lynn asked2. Lynn : Why is the happiest letter?Lucy: Because it is in the middle of fun”.Lynn asked（4）.直接引语是祈使句时:祈使句变为间接引语的规律 一改（）二变（呼语为宾语）三加（） 四去（please）Lsaid/said to 要变成 begged/advised/asked/told/
7、ordered/warned 等可跟不 定式作宾补的动词。2.呼语变宾语,please要去掉3 开头的祈使句。Have a try: Multiple choices1. The man said to me, “Please send fbr a doctor now !” The man me for a doctor.A. ordered.to send.then B. told .send.nowC. asked.to send.thenD. asked.send.now2. The mother said, “Be friendly to others , son.”The moth
8、er friendly to others.A. asked her son be B. ordered her son to beC. told her son be D. told her son to be（5） .直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what或how引导,也可以用that引导。如：She said, nWhat a lovely day it is !”f She said /exclaimed what a lovely day it was .She said that it was a lovely day.补充：除了 say,间接引语谓语动词可根据语义选择其它动词。
9、I did it/9 He admitted that he had done it. He was rude to me.” She complained hed been rude to her. You are late.” He whispered that I was late. I can speak six languages. He boasted he could speak six languages. 2）从句时态变化：如主句谓语动词为过去时,则间接引语中的动词应变为 o （完成下表）一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时以下情况从句动词形
10、式无需变化:1、2、虚拟语气“If I had the instruction manual, I would know what to do J said Tom. Tom said that if he had the instruction manual he would know what to do.3 .某些情态动词，如, might, could, had better, used to“We used to work in the same department J Paul said.f Paul said that they used to work in the same
11、 department.4 .Dick said, he was repairing his computer at nine oclock last night.” f Dick said he was repairing his computer at nine oclock the night before. 如主句，则间接引语中的动词仍保持 直接引语的原来时态。He says JTm one of the top students in my school.f He says hes one of the top students in his school.3）人称变化：请记住下面的
12、顺口溜：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新” 如：He often says I shall tell you about them.-He often says he shall tell me about them.4）指示代词、地点副词和少数动词（完成表格）直接间接直接间接thistheseherecomebringnowthree years agolast week/ yearthis yearnext week/ yeartodayyesterdaytomorrow直接引语变间接引语的基本规则：直接引语改间接引语“过四关”去掉引号后，事实上是一个含宾语从句的主从复合句（祈使句除外）。主语+谓语+引导词（that/whether, if/wh-） +作宾语的句子1 .引导词（判断句子类别，选择引导词：that/whether, if/特殊疑问词）2 .语序（陈述语序；注意人称变化：I主n宾山不变）3 .时态（主句（过去时）+从句（相应的过去时）主句（现在/将来时）+从句（不变）注意：无需变化的特殊情况（真理、虚拟、部分情态动词、过去进行）4 .细节（指示代词、地点副词、少数动词和时间状语）