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1、Direct speech and Indirect speech,直接引语与间接引语,He says,“I leave my book in your room” He said that he left his book in your room.,直接引语： 直接引述别人的原话,间接引语： 用自己的话转述别人的话,直接引语一般前面要加引号，间接引语不用加引号,在学习直接引语和间接引语过程中，应注意三个问题,1） 选用正确引导词 2） 语序（陈述句语序） 3） 人称、时态、指示词等的变化,间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句,直接引语和间接引语可分为四大类：,1）陈述句,2）祈使句,3)一般疑
2、问句,变成say/answer that引导的从句,变成ask/tell sb to do sth,4) 特殊疑问句,变成if/whether+称述句,变成由疑问词+称述句,that引导的宾语从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,whether/if 引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.,wh-词引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,一：陈述句,陈述句的直接引语变间接引语时，用连词that引
3、导 （that 在口语中常可省略）。从句中的人称、时态、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。,He said ,“I left my book in your room” He said that he had left his book in your room.,变成say/answer that引导的从句,）人称的变化,一 随 主,二随宾,第三 人称 不用变,引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第三人 称在变间引后去人 称不变,She said,“ I like Tennis.”,She sa
4、id that she liked tennis,He said to Lily, “ you must get up early”,He told Lily that she must get up early,She said to me , “ They want to help him”,She told me that they wanted help him,一随主，二随宾，第三人称不用变,1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stori
5、es. 2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,Exercise I,2) 时态的变化,He says, I will do it tomorrow” He says that he will do it tomorrow.,如果主句的谓语动词是现在时， 直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化,如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时， 直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应 的改变，变成相应的过去时态,Michael
6、Phelps,“I have a long body and long arms, a gift and love for swimming.”,Phelps said that he had a long body and long arms, and a gift and love for swimming.,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去完成时,不变,一般将来时,过去将来时,“I started swimming at an young age in order to treat my ADHD disease.”,P
7、helps said that he had started swimming at an young age in order to treat his ADHD disease.,“I receive a 5-hour training every day.”,Phelps said that he received a 5-hour training every day.,“I always desire to be the winner, to win gold medals and to break world records.”,Phelps said that he always
8、 desired to be the winner, to win gold medals and to break world records.,“One of my favorite things is to compete with the best swimmers in the world.”,Phelps said that one of his favorite things was to compete with the best swimmers in the world.,“I have many goals, and all of them are high.”,Phel
9、ps said that he had many goals, and all of them were high.,直接引语变间接引语时， 句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变,could,might,should/would,didnt have to,must,ought to,“I will always try my best to be Phelps No.1.”,Phelps said that he would always try his best to be Phelps No.1.,3) 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化.,时间状语:,She said to me
10、,”I lived there five years ago.” She told me she had lived there five years before. She said to me,”I will see her next week.” She told me she would see her the next week.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:,1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told the students
11、 that the earth goes around the sun.,2. 经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3. 历史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,Bye-bye,完成下列句子，将直接引语转 换为间接引语(每空一词)。 1.“It i
12、s really cold, but it is so nice to be out on the lake,” she said to me. She _ me that it _ really cold, but it _ so nice to be out on the lake.,told,was,was,2. “Did you ask your boss for a pay increase?” she asked the man. She asked the man _ he _ _ _ boss for a pay increase.,if,had,asked,his,3. Th
13、e teacher asked the girl, “Why are you crying here?” The teacher asked the girl _ _ _ crying _. 4. “When will the plane take off?” I wondered. I wondered _ _ _ _ _ _.,why she was,there,when the plane would take,off,5. “Have you seen our plane yourself?” he asked the boy. He asked the boy _ _ _ _ _ p
14、lane _.,whether he had,seen their himself,把下列句子变为直接引语或间接引语。 “I dont want to go there with Alice,” said Tom. 2. “Is your father kind to you?” she often asks me.,She often asks me whether / if my father is kind to me.,Tom said that he didnt want to go there with Alice.,3. Mother asked me what I was go
15、ing to be when I grew up. 4. “I have to study hard to make progress,” the girl said to her friend.,“What are you going to be when you grow up?” Mother asked me.,The girl told her friend that she had to study hard to make progress.,He said,“The earth goes around the sun.” He said that the earth goes
16、around the sun Mr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September,1972. ” Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.,5. “When will you go back to work?” Mr. Smith asked.,Mr. Smith asked me when I would go back to work.,“ Will you go abroad or stay in Beijing?”he asked me. He asked me whethe
17、r/if I would go abroad or stay in Beijing. He asked her, “You have passed the eaxm, havent you?” He asked her whether/if she had passed the exam.,He asked , “Can I borrow your bike?”,He asked whether/if he could borrow my bike. Tom said to me, “Do you like football?” Tom asked me whether/if I liked
18、football.,Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the room?” Mother asked me what I was doing in the room.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre
19、walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat
20、week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They aske
21、d us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week a
22、go,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B.
23、you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her _
24、 the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise,He said, “These books are mine.”,He said that those books were his. She said, “I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there the day before.,He said,“The earth goes around the sun.” He said that the earth goe
25、s around the sun Mr. Wang said, “I was born in China in September,1972. ” Mr. Wang said he was born in China in September,1972.,3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked Ann whether she had seen his blue notebook. 4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.,