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1、中医资料Chapter 1 Yin- yang and five phase theory1 . 1 Basic terms and phrases in yin-yang and five phase theory 阴阳学说 Yin-yang theory母气 mother qi 精气学说 Essential qi theory子气 child qi 五行学说 Five phase( element) theory虚 deficiency 相生 engendering( wood engenders fire;实 excessFire engenders earth.)表 exterior
2、相克(restraining( Earth restrains water,IAi . x x- 里 interiorWater restrains fire.) 相乘 overwhelming(或者 over-热 heatacting) 相侮 rebellion(或者寒 coldinsulting)阴盛 yin exuberance 母子相及 mother and child affectingeach other阴盛B日衰 Yin exuberance with yang debilitationB日盛阴衰 Yang exuberance with yin debilitation阴阳是事
3、物的两类属性Yin and yang are the fundamental categories of all phenomena.背属阳，月WB阴；The back is yang and the abdomen is yin.六腑属B日，阴 The six bowels are yang and the five viscera are yin.气属阳，血属阴表、实、热 ilEJRPS，里、虚、寒属阴 Exterior, excess and heat disease patterns are yang , while interior, deficiency and cold dise
4、ase patterns are yin.阴阳互根 mutual rooting of yin and yang阳根于阴，阴根于阳 Yang has its root in yin; yin has its root in yang.阴损及阳 Detriment to yin affects yang阳损及阴 Detriment to yang affects yin.肝阳上亢 Ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang阳月软!阴病，阴胜贝耶日病；If yang abounds, yin ails and if yin abounds, yang ails.阳胜
5、则热，阴胜则寒When yang prevails, there is heat and when yin prevails there is cold.寒胜则痛 when cold prevails, there is pain.升清降浊 upbearing the clear and downbearing the turbid邪之所凑，其气必虚For pathogens to encroach, qi must be deficient (translated by Nigel Wiseman)大肠主津，小肠主液The large intestine governs fluid whil
6、e the small intestine governs humor.夺血者无汗，夺汗者无血。Despoliation of blood diminishes sweat, and despoliation of sweat diminishes blood.蜘家不可发汗，亡血家不可发汗。Patients suffering from nosebleeds may not be made to sweat and patients suffering from blood collapse may not be made to sweat.散 dissipate 理 regulate 清 c
7、lear 泻 purge 敛 constrain 润 moisten 补 tonify1 . 2 治疗学(Therapeutics) 滋 enrich 养 nourish 健 fortify 固 secure 解 release 涩 astringe 祛 dispel 温 warm 益 replenish 除 eliminate 滋 enrich 化 resolve 化痰 resolve phlegm （转）化 transform 月干B日化火 liver yang transforming intofire 肝阳化风 liver yang transforming into wind 疏 s
8、oothing（动词原形：soothe） 疏肝理气 soothe the liver and regulate qi 疏肝养血 soothe the liver and nourishthe blood 疏肝健脾 soothe the liver and fortify the spleen 疏肝和胃 soothe the liver andharmonize the stomach 温补命门 warm and tonify the life gate 解表 release the exterior 清法 clearing method 清肝火 clear liver fire ；青热和胃 c
9、lear heat and harmonize thestomach 泻火 purge fire 泻肝 purge the liver 泻心 purge the heart 润肠 Moisten the intestines 温胃 warm the stomach 温中 warm the middle 温中散寒 warm the middle to dissipate cold 温中和胃 warm the middle to harmonize the stomach 温阳行水 warm yang to move water 温经止痛 warm the meridian to relieve
10、pain 散淤 dissipate the stasis 散寒 dissipate cold 潜阳 subdue yang 平肝潜阳 pacify the liver to subdue yang 宣月市止咳 diffuse the lung to suppress cough 宣肺平喘 diffuse the lung to calm panting 宣肺化痰 diffuse the lung to resolve phlegm 补气生血 tonify qi and engender blood 补养心血 tonify and nourish heart blood 滋阴补阳 enrich
11、yin and tonify yang 虚者补之 Treat deficiency w让h( or by )tonification 或者Deficiency is treated with (or by) tonification 寒者热之 Treat cold with heat祛风剂J wind-dispelling formula清暑齐!J summerheat-clearing formula安神剂 tranquilizing formula1 . 3 Syndrome differentiation 热者寒之 Treat heat with cold 扶正祛邪 reinforce
12、the healthy qi and eliminate the pathogenic factors. 八法 eight methods 扶正 reinforce the healthy qi 祛牙B eliminate the pathogenic factors.补益齐U tonifying and replenishing formula理血齐l_l blood-regulating formula嘲辛证 pattern identification/syndrome differentiation 阴阳辨证 yin-Yang pattern identification/syndro
13、me differentiation 阴阳失调证 pattern/syndrome of yin-yang disharmony 阴证 yin pattern/syndrome 阴虚证 yin deficiency pattern/syndrome 阴B日两虚 pattern/syndrome of dual deficiency of yin and yang 阴虚火日王证 pattern/syndrome of yin deficiency with effulgent fire 阴虚水停证 pattern/syndrome of yin deficiency with water ret
14、ention B月虚湿热证 pattern/syndrome of yin deficiency with dampness-heat low fever, night sweating( night sweats), flushed cheeks in the afternoon, vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles, a bitter and greasy taste in the mouth, reddened tongue with yellow slimy fur and rapid fine pulse畴证 exterior patt
15、ern sudden onset, aversion to cold or to wind, fever, headache, generalized pain, thin tongue fur and floating pulse畔表半里证 half-exterior half-interior pattern/syndrome bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, nausea and loss of appetite, string-like pulse乘虚证 exterior deficiency pattern/syndrome relucta
16、nce to speak, lassitude, palpitation, dizziness, tinnitus, decreased food intake, weak pulse 畴寒证 exterior cold pattern热证 exterior heat pattern里热证 interior heat pattern礁热里寒 pattern of exterior heat and interior coldChapter 2 Qi, blood,essence and fluid and humor2 . 1 Basic terms 津液 fluid and humor 伤津
17、 damage to fluid 先天之气 innate qi (prenatal qi) 先天之精 innate essence 后天之气acquired qi 后天之精 acquired essence 正气 healthy qi 牙B气 pathogenic qi 元气 primordial qi ( source qi) 卫气 defensive qi 营气 nutrient( nutritive) qi 脏气 visceral qi 腑气 bowel qi 血虚 blood deficiency 月干藏血 the liver stores the blood. 脾统血 the spl
18、een manages the blood. 血主濡之 blood governs nutrition. 血热 blood heat 血为气之母 blood is the mother of qi 血瘀 blood stasis 瘀血 static blood Essence is the basis of the body acquired essence essence of water and food reproductive essence( innate essence) 气为血之帅 Qi is the commander of theblood.气陷 qi sinking 气能生
19、血Qi engenders blood.气机不利 inhibited qi movement （或者 气能行血 Qi moves blood.inhibited qi dynamics） 气能摄血 Qi contains blood.三焦 triple energizers气不摄血 Qi deficiency failing to一 上焦 upper energizercontrol blood 气脱 qi collapse中焦 middle energizer 气闭 qi block下焦 lower energizer 气滞 qi stagnation筋骨 sinews and bones
20、气逆 qi counterflow 血气不和，百病乃而生 If blood and qi fall into disharmony, a hundred diseases may arise. 气主煦之，血主濡之 Qi invigorates and blood nourishes. Human life depends on this qi. When qi gathers, the physical body is formed; when it disperses, the body dies 中焦受气，取汁，变化为赤，是谓血 The miraculous pivot states: t
21、he middle energizer takes in qi, extracts its essence, and turns it into the red substance that is blood.” 肝受血而能视；足受血能步；掌受血能握；指受血而能摄。 The liver receives blood, so there is sight; the legs receive blood and thus are able to walk; the hands receive blood and so are able to grip; the fingers receive bl
22、ood and then are able to grasp. 中焦之所受气者，泌其糟粕，蒸津液，化其精微，上行于肺脉，乃化而为血，以 奉生身，莫贵于此，故独得行于经隧，命曰营气。 From the qi that the middle energizer takes in, it produces waste and distills fluids from which it extracts the essence. This then flows into the lung meridian where it is transformed into blood which furnish
23、es the needs of the body. Its preciousness is unexcelled by anything. It flows through the blood vessels and is known as nutrient qi.2 . 2 Symptoms 血虚证:证见面白无华或者萎黄、唇色淡白、爪甲苍白、头晕眼花、心悸失眠、手足发麻、舌淡苔白、脉细无力 blood deficiency pattern/syndromeCommonly-seen symptoms in blood deficiency syndrome are: pale(lusterl
24、ess) or sallow complexion, pale lips and nails, dizziness, dimmed vision, insomnia, palpitations, numbness of extremities, pale tongue and white tongue fur and fine (forceless) pulse. 面色淡白或者晦滞，身倦乏力，气少懒言，疼痛如刺，常见于胸胁，痛处不移，拒按,舌淡暗或者有紫斑，脉沉涩。Pale white or dull, dark complexion, lassitude and lack of streng
25、th, shortage of qi with no desire to talk, unpalpable stabbing pain frequently seen in rib-side(s) of fixed location, pale tongue or with purple speckles, sunken and rough pulse. Blood collapses patterna critical pattern occurring in cases of acute massive bleeding, marked by pallor, dizziness, palp
26、itations, faint and short breathing, cold extremities and even mental confusion, pale tongue, hardly perceptible pulse. Blood stasis patternA pattern marked by formation of visible painful and tender mass, or abdominal mass with stabbing pain and tenderness, or bleeding of blood with clots, irregula
27、r pulse. Blood heat patternA pattern that occurs when exuberant pathogenic heat enters the blood aspect and is manifested by fever, nose-bleeds, vomiting of blood, expectoration of blood , bloody stool, skin eruptions, or advanced periods with profuse bright-red menstrual discharge, vexation, or even delirium and convulsions, deep crimson tongue ind rapid string-like pulse.咳嗽sugh干咳dry cough干呕dry retching呕吐vomiting 暧气 belching 恶心 nausea 久病 enduring disease (illness) 体质虚弱 weak constitution吐酸 acid vomiting呃逆hiccup营养不良 malnutrition劳倦 overexertion and fatigue