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1、专题十句子的种类及主谓一致【考点自测】（）1.(2019师大附中）It is reported that 15 people lost their lives in the bus accident in Chongqing.Really?_bad news!A.WhatB.HowC.What a（）2.(2019青竹湖）I am a huge fan of the Queen now.Their songs are powerful!_.And I also love those by Beyonc because _ can cheer me up.A.So are they;itB.So
2、 I am;sheC.So they are;they AC（）3.(2019师大附中）_ a deep breath especially when you feel nervous.It can help a lot.A.To takeB.TakingC.Take（）4.(2019长郡）Guess what?I took part in an interview on TV last Sunday.Oh,_unforgettable experience it must be!A.WhatB.what anC.howCB（）5.(2019长沙四校联考)_the small town is!
3、It is more beautiful than the town that I visited last year.A.How beautifulB.How beautifullyC.What beautiful（）6.(2019青竹湖）It rained hard a few minutes ago,but now it is sunny._strange weather!A.What aB.HowC.WhatAC（）7.(2019青竹湖)For kids of this age,three hours of sitting in the classroom _ too long.The
4、y should be allowed to go outside every 40 minutes.A.IsB.areC.were（）8.（2019雅礼）Not only my parents but also my sister _ crazy about The Reader,a TV programme hosted by Dong Qing.A.IsB.areC.have beenAA01考点导航考点一 句子的种类陈述句用来陈述一件事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫作陈述句。陈述句主要考查肯定式和否定式及含有否定词no，never，nobody，few，little，hardly，seld
5、om，none，neither的否定式。如：He cant play the piano.他不会弹钢琴。They have never been to New York.他们从未去过纽约。Neither of them likes apples.他们两位都不喜欢苹果。He could hardly believe his eyes.他几乎不能相信自己的眼睛。疑问句1.一般疑问句（1）基本结构：Be+主语+其他？助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他？（2）一般疑问句询问事物或者某种情况是否属实，需要对方用“yes”和“no”回答。肯定回答：Yes，主语+be/助动词/情态动词否定回答：No，主语+
6、be/助动词/情态动词+not（一般not与前面的词构成缩略形式）如：Have you been there before?你曾去过那儿吗？Yes,I have./No，I havent.是的，我去过。/不，我没去过。2.特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词（组）引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。常考的疑问词（组）主要有:what，who，which，when，where，how，how many/much，how often，how soon，how long，how far等。如：How long does it take you to get there?你需要多久才能到那儿？About 10 minute
7、s.大约十分钟。3.选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接,回答时不能使用yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。（1）一般疑问句+or+被选择的内容?如：Do you like Chinese or English?你喜欢语文还是英语？（2）特殊疑问句+A or B?如：What color do you like，blue or yellow?你喜欢什么颜色，蓝色还是黄色？4.反意疑问句附在陈述句后对陈述内容进行反问的句子叫作反意疑问句，也叫附加疑问句。反意疑问句前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是简短问
8、句。陈述部分用逗号结尾,反问部分用问号结尾。（1）基本用法基本结构:前肯后否,前否后肯。如：You have to wear a uniform at school，dont you?你在学校必须穿校服，不是吗？They werent at home,were they?他们不在家，是吧？（2）反意疑问句要注意的几点：A）当陈述部分含有never/nothing/none/no one/seldom/hardly/few/little等否定副词时,反意疑问句用肯定形式。B）祈使句的反意疑问句：以Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,“Lets.”句用“shall we?”，其他均用“will y
9、ou?”，祈使句是肯定形式,其反意疑问句用will you或wont you皆可。祈使句是否定形式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you构成。C）反意疑问句的答语一定要根据事实来回答。肯定的事实用Yes来回答，否定的事实用No来回答。祈使句 祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。表达请求或劝告时,祈使句句末或句首可以加上please表示委婉的语气。肯定句通常用动词原形（+宾语）+其他来表达，否定句常用Dont+动词原形（+宾语）+其他来表达。如：Dont chat in the library.不要在图书馆闲聊。Be careful/quiet
10、.小心/安静。Lets go there together.让我们一起去那儿。No smoking！禁止抽烟！感叹句感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子,可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句,也可以是由what或how引导的句子,句末常用“!”。类别结构示例以what引导What+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词（+主语+谓语）!What a friendly boy he is!他是一个多么友好的男孩啊！What+adj.+复数可数名词（+主语+谓语）!What sweet oranges they are!多么甜的桔子啊！What+a
11、dj.+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）!What good news it is!多么好的消息啊！类别结构示例以how引导How+adj./adv.（+主语+谓语）!How wonderful the movie is!电影多么棒啊！How+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词（+主语+谓语）!How interesting a book we are reading!我们正读的这本书多么有趣啊！倒装句1.there be句型，它表示“某处有某物”，主语是be动词后面的名词。如：There is a river near our school.我们学校附近有一条河。2.以so/neither/nor开
12、头的句子，用倒装句“so/neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面的内容也适用于后者。如：He has been to Dalian，and so have I.他曾去过大连，我也是。John cant speak Japanese，and neither/nor can Helen.约翰不会日语，海伦也不会。3.当here，there，now，then等副词置于句首时需用倒装，其谓语动词常用be，come，go，lie，run。如：Here is your letter.这是你的信。注意：这种倒装结构的主语必须是名词，若主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如：Here y
13、ou are.=Here it is.给你。4.方位介词短语位于句首时，句子需要倒装。如：On the right of my school is my house.我的房子在学校的右侧。考点二 主谓一致就近一致原则有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与最靠近它的名词一致，这种原则叫做就近一致原则。主语成分谓语示例there be和here be句式中be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。主语成分谓语示例由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but（also
14、）.,not.but.或or连接两个并列主语谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致Not only her parents but also she is busy cooking a big meal for the guests.她的父母和她都在忙于为客人做一份大餐。意义一致原则意义一致是指谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。主语成分谓语示例表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、价格、长度等的复数名词（词组）作主语单数Ten years is a short time in ones life.十年在人的一生中是一段短暂的时光。主语成分谓语示例politics，physics，wo
15、rks，the United States，news，maths 等词作主语时,虽以s结尾,但表示单数意义单数What good news it is!多么好的消息！主语成分谓语示例形式上虽为单数，但意义为复 数 的 名 词，如 people，police，cattle，clothes 等作主语复数The police are working on a new case.警察正忙于新的案件。主语成分谓语示例family，team，group，class，crowd，company等若表示整体概念，则动词用单数形式My family is one of the best families in
16、the world.我们家是世界上最好的家庭之一。若表示集体中的成员,则动词用复数形式Our class are going on a school trip tomorrow.我们班明天将进行郊游。主语成分谓语示例“the+形容词”可以表示一类人谓语动词用复数形式The poor need more care.穷人需要更多关爱。主语成分谓语示例“分数或百分数+of+名词”以及“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/（a）part of+名词”构成的短语作主语名词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式Two thirds of the student
17、s in our class are girls.我们班三分之二的学生是女生。名词是单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式Lots of damage was caused by fire.大量的破坏由火引起。主语成分谓语示例The+姓氏名词复数，表示“一家”或“夫妇”复数The Smiths have lived in China for 10 years.史密斯一家已经在中国生活了十年。and并列连接的主语表示同一个人或物（即and后无冠词）单数A famous teacher and writer was interviewed by the reporter.那位有名的老师兼作家被这位
18、记者采访。语法一致原则语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。主语成分谓语示例不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等单数Friendship is important for us.友谊对我们来说很重要。Playing soccer is good for health.踢足球有利于健康。She was born in 2012.她出生于2012年。A friend of mine is waiting for me outside.我的一个朋友正在外面等我。主语成分谓语示例可数
19、名词复数、复数代词复数Many students like listening to English songs.许多同学喜欢听英语歌。We have been reading for 3 hours.我们已经阅读了三个小时。主语成分谓语示例a number of+名词复数，意为“许多”复数A number of boys are playing basketball there.许多男孩正在那里打篮球。the number of+名词 复 数，意 为“的数量/数目”单数The number of the students in my class is sixty.我们班有六十位学生。主语成分
20、谓语示例each，each.,every.作主语单数Every girl in our class likes music.我们班的每一位女生都喜欢音乐。one of+名词复数，表示“之一”单数One of the oldest countries is China.中国是最古老的国家之一。主语成分谓语示例不定代词 either，neither以及由some-,any-,no-,every-等构成的复合不定代词作主语单数Neither of them has a basketball.他们两位都没有篮球。Everybody is ready for the coming test.人人都为即将
21、到来的测试做好了准备。主语成分谓语示例当主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时谓语动词的数和主语保持一致（即：就远原则）Alice as well as her friends is coming here soon.爱丽丝和她的朋友们即将到这儿。主语成分谓语示例以and和both.and.连接的并列主语是两个或两个以上的人或事物时单数Both her father and her mother are good doctors.她的爸爸和妈妈都是好医生。02满分挑战（）1.Steve
22、n had nothing for breakfast this morning,_?No.Because he had a fever.A.didnt heB.had heC.did he（）2.David has been away for more than 25 days.I miss him very much.You know,25 days _ short.A.IsB.isntC.arentCB（）3.I am too nervous about the coming exam.What shall I do?Take it easy.Life is like a mirror.
23、_at it,and it will smile back.A.SmileB.SmilingC.To smile（）4.Either the students or the teacher _ him very well.A.knows B.know C.knewAA（）5.The rain is too heavy,we can hardly go out,can we?_,or well get wet and have a cold.A.No,we cant B.Yes,we cantC.Yes,we can （）6.Not only_ the lyrics to the songs,b
24、ut he composes the music as well.A.he writesB.does he writeC.he does writeAB（）7.Neither my sister nor I_ been to Xi-an beforeA.have never B.have ever C.has ever（）8.Mom,my classmate Jim won the first prize in the race._excellent the young boy is!A.What aB.What anC.How（）9.There is nothing left in the
25、fridge,_?_.Lets go to the supermarket to buy some.A.is there;Yes B.isnt there;YesC.is there;No BCC（）10.Wow,I have never thought about traveling abroad alone!_.A.So have IB.Nor I haveC.Neither have I（）11._me an email before you come to Hohhot,and Ill meet you at the train station.A.Send B.Sending C.T
26、o send CA（）12._ crowded Lushan School was last Friday!Yes,a large number of people gathered here to meet their favorite soccer stars.A.HowB.WhatC.What a（）13._ do you eat out,Molly?Once a month.A.How oftenB.How farC.How longAA（）14.Eighty percent of the students in this school _ three to five times a
27、week.A.exercises B.exercise C.exercising（）15.Zhang Lei got the first place in the mid|term exams._hard|working boy!A.What aB.WhatC.HowBA（）16.Peter has made great progress in English recently._.He has been studying so hard these days.A.So has he B.So he has C.So he have （）17.Neither of the two boys _
28、the mans son.A.isB.areC.am（）18._do you communicate with your foreign friends?By writing e-mails.A.HowB.WhyC.WhereBAA（）19._carefully,please!Look at the road sign.There is a school ahead.A.DriveB.To driveC.Driving（）20.Im tired out after threeday work day and night._relax yourself?Go out and enjoy the natural beauty.A.Why not B.Why dont C.What about AA请完成练测本P68P68习题