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1、Unit 1 Cultural HeritagePeriod 3 Discovering Useful Structure导学案1. Learn the structure of the present continuous passive voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the present continuous tense into the sentences with the present continuous passive voice. 3. Learn to write sentenc
2、es with the present continuous tense flexibly according to the context.1. Learn the structure of the present continuous passive voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the present continuous tense into the sentences with the present continuous passive voice. 3. Learn to write
3、sentences with the present continuous tense flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the
4、United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following qu
5、estions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ? 2. What relative words should be used ? 3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?Practice:1. There comes a time _ the old must give a way to the new.2. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics _ were
6、an important part of Egypts cultural heritage.3. After listening to the scientists _ had studied the problem, and citizens _ lived near the dam,.4. Temples. and then moved and put back together again in a place _ they were safe from the water. 5. Not only had the countries found a path to the future
7、_ did not run over the relics of the past.6. .by UNESCO, which runs a programme _ prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.Step 3 SummaryFunctions of head nounFunctions of relative pronoun关系_O-S先行词在主句中作_关系代词在从句中作_I like a teacher who inspires his/her students.O-O先行词在
8、主句中作_关系代词在从句中作_I like the book(that) you mentioned.S-S先行词在主句中作_关系代词在从句中作_He who makes no mistakes nothing.S-O先行词在主句中作_关系代词在从句中作_The man (who) you met is my cousin.head nounRelative adverbsFunctions of relative adverbs关系_time表示_状语place表示_状语reason表示_状语Step 4 Recite classical sentences 1. Do not cut do
9、wn the tree that gives you shake.(O-S) _ 2. You can do anything (that) you set your mind to. (O-O) _ 3. All that glitters is not gold.(S-S) _ 4. Time (that) you enjoy wasting is not wasted time.(S-O)_ 5. Where there is a will, there is a way. _ 6. Life is a tragedy when you feel. It is a comedy when
10、 you think. _Step 5 PracticeRewrite the sentences using relative clauses.1. He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.The photo _2. The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. It was formed by members from fifteen
11、countries.The project team _3. This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.The time _4. We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.The professional archaeologist _5. The documents about the cu
12、ltural relics from overseas are under the desk. I found them yesterday.The place _6. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.The reason _Step 6 Special casesA. 关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 1当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anyth
13、ing, much等不定代词时。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?All that can be done has been done.2先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.3先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。Ive read all the
14、 books that are not mine.The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.4当先行词既指人，又指物时。 He made a speech on the men and things that he had seen abroad.B. “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词whom”；如果指“物”，用“
15、介词which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据：1根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for“因而出名”)2根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with camera“用照相机”)The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the a
16、ccident.(in the boss company)3根据句子的意思来选择。The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.4表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。I have about 10 books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.注意：在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。The babies whom the nurses are looki
17、ng after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)C. 接双宾语的动词所在的定语从句如果关系代词作此动词的间接宾语时，用to 或for。带to的动词有：bring, fetch, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promise, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, throw, write；带 for的动词有：book, buy, c
18、all, choose, cook, do, fetch, find, get, keep, leave, save。She wears a sweater.Her mother gave this sweater to her.She wears a sweater that her mother gave to her.D. 介词结尾的动词短语所在的定语从句此类动词短语中的介词不可移至从句之首。常见的这类动词短语有listen to, look at, depend on, look for, pay attention to, take care of, look after, take
19、 part in, call on, catch up with, get along with, hear of, look forward to等。This must be the key that she is looking for.This is the meeting which you will take part in.We often talk about the people and the things that we heard of.Step 7 Practice1. Complete the sentencesThis is the most beautiful p
20、ark _ 这是我参观过的最美的公园。She took photographs of the things and people_.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。Chatting was _ interested her most.聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。As far as I know, he is a man _.就我所知，他是个很难相处的人。This is the baby_这就是我的奶奶照顾的那个婴儿。2. Fill in the blanks The lady to _ you talked just now is our English teacher.The woman _
21、 whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.The death of his son was an experience_ which he never fully recovered.答案：Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 3. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who
22、 lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.4. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronoun
23、s and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ? 2. What relative words should be used ? 3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?Practice:1. There comes a time _ the old must give a way to the new.2. Water from the dam would likely damage a num
24、ber of temples and destroy cultural relics _ were an important part of Egypts cultural heritage.3. After listening to the scientists _ had studied the problem, and citizens _ lived near the dam,.4. Temples. and then moved and put back together again in a place _ they were safe from the water. 5. Not
25、 only had the countries found a path to the future_ did not run over the relics of the past.6. .by UNESCO, which runs a programme _ prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.答案：1. when(先行词：a time；关系副词；充当状语)2. which/that(先行词：cultural relics; 关系代词; 充当主语）3. who (先行词：the
26、scientists; 关系代词; 充当主语） who(先行词：citizens; 关系代词; 充当主语）4. where(先行词：a place; 关系副词; 充当状语）5. that(先行词：the future; 关系代词; 充当主语）6. that(先行词：a programme; 关系代词; 充当主语）Step 3 SummaryFunctions of head nounFunctions of relative pronoun关系代词O-S先行词在主句中作宾语关系代词在从句中作主语I like a teacher who inspires his/her students.O-O
27、先行词在主句中作宾语关系代词在从句中作宾语I like the book(that) you mentioned.S-S先行词在主句中作主语关系代词在从句中作主语He who makes no mistakes nothing.S-O先行词在主句中作主语关系代词在从句中作宾语The man (who) you met is my cousin.head nounRelative adverbsFunctions of relative adverbs关系副词timewhen表示时间状语placewhere表示地点状语reasonwhy表示原因状语Step 4 Recite classical
28、sentences 1. Do not cut down the tree that gives you shake.(O-S) 不要忘恩负义。 2. You can do anything (that) you set your mind to. (O-O) 世上无难事 只怕有心人 3. All that glitters is not gold.(S-S) 发光的并不都是金子 4. Time (that) you enjoy wasting is not wasted time.(S-O) 享受的时光并非虚度 5. Where there is a will, there is a way
29、. 有志者，事竟成 6. Life is a tragedy when you feel. It is a comedy when you think.对于感受生活的人来说，生活是一场悲剧；对于思考生活的人来说，生活是一场喜剧Step 5 PracticeRewrite the sentences using relative clauses.1. He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.The photo( that/which) he showed me in
30、his room was of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.2. The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. It was formed by members from fifteen countries.The project team which/that helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania was formed by me
31、mbers from fifteen countries.3. This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.The time when this temple was first built was during Qin Dynasty.4. We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.The p
32、rofessional archaeologist (who) we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.5. The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk. I found them yesterday.The place where I found the documents about the cultural
33、relics from overseas yesterday is under the desk.6. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple is that they wanted to preserve it for the next ge
34、neration.Step 6 Special casesA. 关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 1当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?All that can be done has been done.2先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.This is the most delicious food
35、that I have ever had.3先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.4当先行词既指人，又指物时。 He made a speech on the men and things that he had seen
36、 abroad.B. “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据：1根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for“因而出名”)2根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。This is the camera with which he often
37、 takes photos.(with camera“用照相机”)The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.(in the boss company)3根据句子的意思来选择。The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.4表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。I have about 10 books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.注意：在定语从句中，有一些含介
38、词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)C. 接双宾语的动词所在的定语从句如果关系代词作此动词的间接宾语时，用to 或for。带to的动词有：bring, fetch, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, po
39、st, promise, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, throw, write；带 for的动词有：book, buy, call, choose, cook, do, fetch, find, get, keep, leave, save。She wears a sweater.Her mother gave this sweater to her.She wears a sweater that her mother gave to her.D. 介词结尾的动词短语所在的定语从句此类动词短语中的介词不可移至从句之首。常见的这类动词短
40、语有listen to, look at, depend on, look for, pay attention to, take care of, look after, take part in, call on, catch up with, get along with, hear of, look forward to等。This must be the key that she is looking for.This is the meeting which you will take part in.We often talk about the people and the t
41、hings that we heard of.Step 7 Practice1. Complete the sentencesThis is the most beautiful park that I have visited. 这是我参观过的最美的公园。She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。As far as I kno
42、w, he is a man who is hard to get along with.就我所知，他是个很难相处的人。This is the baby whom/that my grandma takes care of.这就是我的奶奶照顾的那个婴儿。2. Fill in the blanks The lady to whom you talked just now is our English teacher.The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.The death of his son was an experience from which he never fully recovered.