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1、Unit 3 The InternetPeriod 3 Discovering Useful StructureThe Present Perfect Passive Voice导学案1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice
2、. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect P
3、assive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice._.(教材P28）1. The Internet has greatly improved Jans life._.(教材P28）2. People have written much about
4、the wonders of the World Wide Web._.3. They have built a kind of new PC with more functions. _4. I have downloaded the software to help my phone last longer.Step2 Summarize the structureVerb formPassiveActive_have/has+v-edFrom above the pictures, we can know that the structure : Other structures:肯定结
5、构have/hasbeen done否定结构_一般疑问结构have/has主语been done特殊疑问结构_He_ to take part in the sports meeting(肯定句)他已被挑选出来参加运动会。(select)The ink_ from his overcoat(否定句)墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。(remove)_ the date for the next meeting_?(一般疑问句)下次会议的日期已确定了吗？(decide)_the battery _?(特殊疑问句)电池多久没有更换了？(change)Step 3 The usage or function
6、s1表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have been told the sports meet will be put off.我已被告知运动会将要被推迟。(结果：现在我已经知道运动会要被推迟)All the preparations for the task have been done，and were ready to start.这项任务的一切准备都已就绪，我们准备好要开始了。(影响：我们现已具备开始的条件) 2表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与for时间段或since时间点等时间状语连
7、用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已被修了两小时了。(持续：两小时前开始修，现在可能已经修好，也可能没有修好，还要继续修)She hasnt been heard from since then.从那时候起，她就没来过信。(持续：从那以后，一直没收到她的信，以后也可能收不到) 3在状语从句中，常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来时的被动语态。I will go home when my homework has been finished.当我完成家庭作业时我就回家。(将来某时处于被完成的状态
8、)Step 4 Special cases1现在完成时的被动语态中has/have been不可漏掉。The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.这个计划已经由专家研究三次了。The dirty clothes have been washed.脏衣服已经被洗好了。2现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事与现在有联系；而一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过去有关，与现在没有关系。The library has been built.这座图书馆已经建好了。(图书馆可以用了)The library was built last
9、year.这座图书馆是去年建成的。(图书馆现在是否能用是未知的)3含有非延续性动词，如begin，start，buy，borrow，finish等的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词的现在完成时的被动语态的否定式则可以与for或since构成的时间状语连用。The work has been finished for two days.()This book has not been borrowed since last week.()4动词短语用于现在完成时的被动语态时，动词后面的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。The injured bird has been
10、looked after since it was saved.(after不可漏掉)受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。5.并不是所有的动词都有被动语态。如happen, occur, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组, 就没有被动语态。试比较: Some of the best conversations have ever been happened around the dinner table. (X)Some of the best conversations have ever happened around t
11、he dinner table. ()Step 5 Practice1. 他的小说还没有出版。His novel _(publish)2. 所有的信都已经寄出去了吗？_ all the letters _？(post)3. 他的工作尚未完成。His work _4. 新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？_ the new booking systems for tickets _？5. They have built many houses in the village in the past few years.Many houses _ _ _ in the village in the past
12、 few years.6. We have planted many trees on the hill in the past 5 years.Many trees _ _ _ on the hill in the past 5 years.7. His sister left home in 1998，and _ since.(hear)8. 工作一完成我们就立即动身。Well start as soon as the work _9. 你可以出去，除非你的作业已经完成了。You can go out unless your homework _10. 新的铁路一旦建成，到达北京的用时就会
13、更短。Once the new railway _，it will take a shorter time to go to Beijing.【答案】Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.Jans life has been greatly improved by the Internet.(教材P28）1. The Internet has greatly improved Jans life.Much has been written(by People) a
14、bout the wonders of the World Wide Web.(教材P28）2. People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.A kind of new PC has been built (by them) with more functions.3. They have built a kind of new PC with more functions.The software has been downloaded(by me) to help my phone last longer
15、. 4. I have downloaded the software to help my phone last longer. Step2 Summarize the structureVerb formPassiveActivehave/has+been+v-edhave/has+v-edFrom above the pictures, we can know that the structure : Other structures:肯定结构have/hasbeen done否定结构have/hasnotbeen done一般疑问结构have/has主语been done特殊疑问结构特
16、殊疑问词have/has主语been doneHe has been selected to take part in the sports meeting(肯定句)他已被挑选出来参加运动会。(select)The ink has not been removed from his overcoat(否定句)墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。(remove)Has the date for the next meeting been decided?(一般疑问句)下次会议的日期已确定了吗？(decide)How long has the battery not been changed?(特殊疑问句)
17、电池多久没有更换了？(change)Step 3 The usage or functions1表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have been told the sports meet will be put off.我已被告知运动会将要被推迟。(结果：现在我已经知道运动会要被推迟)All the preparations for the task have been done，and were ready to start.这项任务的一切准备都已就绪，我们准备好要开始了。(影响：我们现已具备开始的条件) 2表示一个被动的动作或状态从
18、过去开始，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与for时间段或since时间点等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已被修了两小时了。(持续：两小时前开始修，现在可能已经修好，也可能没有修好，还要继续修)She hasnt been heard from since then.从那时候起，她就没来过信。(持续：从那以后，一直没收到她的信，以后也可能收不到) 3在状语从句中，常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来时的被动语态。I will go home when my homework
19、 has been finished.当我完成家庭作业时我就回家。(将来某时处于被完成的状态)Step 4 Special cases1现在完成时的被动语态中has/have been不可漏掉。The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.这个计划已经由专家研究三次了。The dirty clothes have been washed.脏衣服已经被洗好了。2现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事与现在有联系；而一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过去有关，与现在没有关系。The library has been built.这
20、座图书馆已经建好了。(图书馆可以用了)The library was built last year.这座图书馆是去年建成的。(图书馆现在是否能用是未知的)3含有非延续性动词，如begin，start，buy，borrow，finish等的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词的现在完成时的被动语态的否定式则可以与for或since构成的时间状语连用。The work has been finished for two days.()This book has not been borrowed since last week.()4动词短语用于现在完成时的被动语态
21、时，动词后面的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。The injured bird has been looked after since it was saved.(after不可漏掉)受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。5.并不是所有的动词都有被动语态。如happen, occur, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组, 就没有被动语态。试比较: Some of the best conversations have ever been happened around the dinner table. (X)Some of the
22、best conversations have ever happened around the dinner table. ()Step 5 Practice1. 他的小说还没有出版。His novel _(publish)2. 所有的信都已经寄出去了吗？_ all the letters _？(post)3. 他的工作尚未完成。His work _4. 新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？_ the new booking systems for tickets _？5. They have built many houses in the village in the past few year
23、s.Many houses _ _ _ in the village in the past few years.6. We have planted many trees on the hill in the past 5 years.Many trees _ _ _ on the hill in the past 5 years.7. His sister left home in 1998，and _ since.(hear)8. 工作一完成我们就立即动身。Well start as soon as the work _9. 你可以出去，除非你的作业已经完成了。You can go ou
24、t unless your homework _10. 新的铁路一旦建成，到达北京的用时就会更短。Once the new railway _，it will take a shorter time to go to Beijing.Once the new railway _，it will take a shorter time to go to Beijing.【答案】1. has not been published2. Have；been posted3. has not been finished4. Have；been used 5. have been built6. have been planted 7. has not been heard of 8. has been finished9. has been finished 10. has been completed