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1、第六讲：被动语态一、 【考点解读】动词的被动语态是中学英语语法的一个重要内容，因此在小升初英语考试中作为衔接内容而出现，对于准初中生而言是难点和易错点。因此希望小升初的学生能认真结合解读，仔细把握被动语态的学习要领，结合小升初的最新模拟真题，做到融会贯通，举一反三。二、 【知识讲解】知识点1被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一、 被动语态的构成 英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：The man was fooled by the t
2、wo boys. The book has been translated into several languages.二、被动语态的用法（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如： Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term.（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. The thief wa
3、s caught by a policeman yesterday.（3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。例如：The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语)some advice(直接宾语) The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、le
4、t、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。例如：The boss made them work ten hours a day. They were made to work ten hours a day. A boy saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house.三、被动语态中谓语动词的原形是be +done be随着时态的变化而发生变化。以下是主动语态和被动语态中谓语动词的形式：名称主动语态谓语动词形式被动语态谓语动词形式一般现在时
5、态v/vsAm/is/are +done 一般过去时态VedWas/were+done 一般将来时态Will +vWill be +done 现在进行时态Am/is/are +vingAm/is/are+being+done 现在完成时态Have/has +过去分词Have/has been +done 2） 情态动词情态动词主动语态被动语态can （not）+do sth +be done may （not）must (not)常见的句型结构：It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）.It
6、is(was)well known that.众所周知It is(was)taken for granted that.被视为当然It must be remembered that.务必记住.It mustnt be forgotten that.千万别忘记.It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.据说(报道、听说、告知、建议.)注意以下几种被动语态的特殊情况：一 带有感官动词和使役动词的句子如何变被动语态动词主动形式被动形式letlet sb do sth(sb) be let to do sthmakemake sb do st
7、h(sb) be made to do sthseesee sb do sth(sb) be seen to do sthwatchwatch sb do sth(sb) be watched to do sthhearhear sb do sth(sb) be heard to do sth二有些动词没有被动语态。(及物动词才有被动语态) 1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态： appear, die,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true
8、, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 2)系动词无被动语态：appear, be，become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 3) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch，agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, s
9、uffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 4)系动词无被动语态：appear, be，become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 I want to go now.三主动表示被动的几种情况1）有些不及物动词形式上为主动，但是表示被动含义。这本书销路很好。 This book sells well.这本小说读起来很有趣。This novel rea
10、ds well.肉很容易切。Meat cuts easily.此类词还有lock, shut, open, move, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw2）有些进行时，形式上主动，但含被动之意。The book is printing. = The book is being printed.The house is building. = The house is being built.3）介词短语作表语，主动表示被动。The question is now under discussion.The fire was finally under c
11、ontrol.All these old buildings are under repairs.三、【典例探究】【例题】：（ ）1The Olympic Games _every four years. A are held B were held Care holding Dwill ho1d（ ）2. In the art show，a lot of laughter_to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings A is giving B was given C will give D has give （ ）3. Today Chinese
12、is becoming more and more popular. It _in many schools around the world. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught（ ）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _as Peoples Writer. A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards（ ）5. Usually computers _to search the Interne
13、t. A. use B. are using C. are used D. used（ ）6. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. _ our classroom every day. A. it cleans B. we are cleans C. we clean一般现在时1答案A 。解析考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了B、C、D。2答案B。解析本题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”3答案D。
14、解析考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。4答案A。解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5答案C 。解析从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选C。6答案C。解析考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。 （ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smells terrible? 一YesIn fact，it _.Thats all because of the factories around A polluted
15、B was polluted C has polluted Dwas po11ute（ ）8. -Our environment is getting worse than before. -Youre right. But thanks to Earth Day_, people have done more and more to protect(保护)the earth.A. is started B. was started C. has started（ ）9. We _into five groups to go to the old peoples home. We did ma
16、ny things to cheer them up.A. divided B. are divided C. were divided一般过去时7答案B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。 8答案B。 解析从句意：“自从地球日开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started故选B。 9答案C。解析本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句We did many things”可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。四、【
17、课堂运用】【基础】【练习1】I. Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案)1. Over $30,000 _ for a children hospital by a British girl several months ago.A) is raised B) was raised C) will be raisedD) has been raised2. Im sure that stricter rules to control cigarette smoking _ very soon. A) made B) will make C) were made D
18、) will be made3. Many houses _ in the big fire a few days ago. What a shame! A) were damaged B)damage C)were damaging D)damaged4. That building is part of Shanghais history. It _ many years ago.A) built B) builds C) is built D) was built5. Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large gr
19、een area will appear. A) pull down B) will be pulled down C) will pull downD) are pulled down6. When you leave the room, make sure the door _.A) was lockedB) is lockedC) will be lockedD) should be locked7. Half of the Beijings private cars _ off the roads due to heavy smog on Friday. A) orderB) are
20、orderedC) orderedD) were ordered8. The girls _ how to dance a month ago and now they can dance well.A) were taughtB) will be taughtC) are taughtD) have been taught9. Tom and his sister _ to the barbecue last Saturday. They were very happy. A) have invited B) were invitedC) were invitingD) invited10.
21、 - Do you believe there are aliens?- Im afraid not. I dont think aliens _ in space. A) can find B) can be found C) can be founded D) cant be found11. Few students can understand the sentence until it _ twice or three times.A) explainsB) is explainedC) will be explainedD) has explained12. People say
22、the subway _ building in Harbin in a few years.Sounds _. I have never seen it before.A) will finish; interestingB) is finished; interestedC) will be finished; interestingD) would be finished; interesting13.I want to know when_have a field trip.Well have it when all the work_ .A) you are; will finish
23、 B) you will; finishesC) you will; is finished D) you will; is finish14. Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it_ ?A) built B) was builtC) has built D) has been built15.Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.Im sorry, but I_ when to meet.A) dont tell B) didnt tellC) ha
24、vent told D) wasnt told16. The thief _ on the scene when he was trying to get away with the necklace. A) will be caughtB) is caughtC) was caughtD) has been caught17. Black tea _ in China during the Ming Dynasty as a way to keep tea fresh. A) inventedB) was inventedC) is inventedD) is inventing【答案】 1
25、.B; 2. D; 3. A; 4. D 5. B; 6. B; 7. D; 8. A; 9. B; 10. B; 11. B; 12. C; 13. C; 14.B; 15. D; 16. C;17. B【练习2】I.Fill in the blank with the given verb in the passive voice.1. Yangpu Bridge _ (build) in 1993.2. More money _ (spend) on education next year.3. A lot of water _ (waste ) every year. Its a se
26、rious problem.4. The newspaper said more good teachers _ (send) to Yunnan sometime next year.5. When we got to the top, the sun had risen. There we_ (tell) to be earlier the next time.6. “Remember, nobody_ (allow) to eat or drink in the computer room,” the assistant said to the new students.7. Large
27、 amounts of information _ (store) in the computer.8. By the time he got there, the car_ (paint).9. The wounded soldiers _ (operate) on now.10. Hundreds of the books_ (borrow) from the library in the past three days.11. I_ (tell) that Jim would come back from New York in two days.12. The manager said
28、 the project _ by the end of the year. (complete)13. The workers told me that the car _ as soon as possible. (mend)14. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets _out. (sell)15. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death. He_ to be a great leader. (consider)16. After the party, some
29、 of the students picked up all the rubbish that_ on the floor of the hall. (drop)17. He is often made _the table after dinner. (clean)【答案】1. was built; 2. will be spent; 3. is wasted 4. would be sent; 5. are told; 6. is allowed; 7.is stored 8. had been painted; 9. are operated; 10. have been borrowe
30、d; 11. was told 12. would be completed/would have been completed; 13. would be mended; 14. had been sold; 15. had been considered; 16. had been dropped; 17. to clean【巩固】【练习1】1 The Peoples Republic of China_ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found2 English _ in Canada.
31、A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sangC. is often sang D. is often sung4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are u
32、sed D. have used答案：1-5 B D D D C 【练习2】1 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep2 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _.A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold3 A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D
33、. be building4 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left5 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need6 His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been publ
34、ished答案：1-6 B C B B C A 【拔高】【练习1】1 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking2 These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written3 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C.
35、isnt D. doesnt答案：1-3 A B B 【练习2】1 -My shoes are worn out._. A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are3 _ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do答案：1-3 A B
36、 A 五、【课后巩固】【习题1】1 Why _ to talk about it yesterday? A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held2 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by3 Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am答案： 1-3 B D B【习题2】1.Howlong_atthisjo
37、b? Since1990. A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployed C.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed 2.Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart? _.A.Theyweredestroyedintheearthquake B.Theearthquakewasdestroyingthem C.Theydestroyedintheearthquake D.Theearthquakedestroyedthem 3.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing,people_
38、shouttobeheardevenatthedinner table20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;haveto C.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto 4.Doyoulikethematerial? Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt 5.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscomplet
39、ed 6.Allthepreparationsforthetask_,andwerereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted 7.Hundredsofjobs_ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose 8.Anewcinema_here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt 9.Aftertheclass
40、，thestudentswentoutoftheclassroomonebyone,butonlyMary_. A.leftB.hadleftC.wasleavingD.wasleft 10.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthey_tobeusefulmentothecountry. A.wereallexpectedB.wereallexpecting C.allwereexpectedD.allexpected 11.He_inashowerlastnightandgotwetthrough. A.caughtB.wascaughtC.hadcaughtD.ca
41、ughtup 12.Thethief_whenhewasstealingawalletfromawoman. A.happenedtonoticeB.wastakenplacetonotice C.washappenedtobenoticedD.happenedtobenoticed 13.He_andwasmadetorepeatit. A.didntunderstandB.didntbeunderstood C.wasntunderstandD.wasntunderstood 14.Thepupilshere_allkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfeww
42、eeks. A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoing C.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoing 15.WhatwereyoudoingwhenTomcametoseeyou? I_onmyovercoatand_tovisitafriendofmine. A.havejustput;leavingB.wasput;wasleft C.hadjustput;wasleavingD.wasputting;left 16.Theysaidgood-bye,hardlyknowingthatthey_again. A.werenevermetB.willnevermeetC.nevermetD.werenevertomeet 17.Whathappenedtothepostman? Idontknow.He_aroundhe