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1、被动语态【 五种基本句型 】主 谓 （无被动语态）主 谓 宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+宾+宾补 主 系 表 （无被动语态）被动语态被动语态的基本结构为：be+done各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）：时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/were+done现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+been done一般将来时will/shall/be going to + dowill/shall/be going to+
2、be done过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+being done过去将来时would/should/be going to+do would/should/be going to+be done含有情态动词can/may/must+docan/may/must+be done一被动语态的用法：在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：（1）不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：This watch is made in China（2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如：More trees must be planted every year。（3）需要强调或突出
3、动作的承受者时。如：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world（4）句子的主语是动作的承受者。如：Many houses were washed away by the food二、主动语态和被动语态的转换1主动语态变为被动语态（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾语变成主格。（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变成宾格，并用by引导。（3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。主动语态： 动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动语态： 动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者如：We
4、 asked him to sing an English song(变为被动语态) He was asked to sing an English song by us2带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如：She gave me a book(变为被动语态) I was given a book by her(间接宾语me改为了主语)A book was given to me by her(直接宾
5、语a book 改为了主语)3动词短语变为被动语态许多由动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如：We should speak to old men politely(变为被动语态)Old men should be spoken to politely(to不可省略)4带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。如：I heard Jane playing the piano in her room(变为
6、被动语态) Jane was heard playing the piano in her room5变被动语态后动词形式的选择主动句中在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。如：He makes the girl stay at home（变为被动语态） The girl is made to stay at home by him练习：1. The door of her room _ every day.A. are not cleaned B. not are cl
7、eaned C. is not cleaned D. not is cleaned2. No rubbish _ for three weeks. A. collected B. is collected C. has collected D. has been collected3. By 1980 the bridge _. A. was completed B. had been completed C. has been completed D. have been completed4. Another railway bridge _ there now. A. is buildi
8、ng B. is being built C. is built D. has been built5. He told me that the composition _ by him. A. was not written B. not was written C. is not written D. not is written答案：1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. A 1. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. be given B. has been given C. will be giv
9、en D. will give答案：C 2. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _into the river.A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrownC. cant throw D. may not throw答案：B3. You may go fishing if your work _.A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done答案：A 4. The trees must _three times a week.A. water B. is w
10、atering C. be watered D. waters答案：C5. I wont come to the party unless Sue _, too.You mean if Sue comes youll come?A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited答案：D 6. I like my new bike. It _very well.A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden答案：A 7. Mr. Chen has a long voice. His voice c
11、an _ clearly even in that big classroom. A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard 答案：B8. Its time to do your homework, Jack. Yes , Mum . Ill turn off the TV as soon as the programme _.A. ends B. end C. will be ended D. will end答案：A 9. You_to the meeting, why didnt you go?A. be invited B. will
12、 be invited C. were invited D. are invited答案：C 10. A lot of trees _ along the river last year.A. planted B. are planted C. were planted答案：C 【实战模拟】一. 选择填空1. The rivers smells terrible People must _dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throw D. stop form thr
13、owing2. Paper _ first invented in China .A. is B. are C. was D. were3. Do you like the flower? Yes, it_sweet.A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells4. It snowed heavily last night. The ground_thick snow.A. was covered with B. was filled withC. was made of D. covered with5. The light in the roo
14、m_before you leave.A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off6. _the kind of question often_in your class, Ann?A. Does, ask B. Is, asked C. Has, asked D. Will, ask7. The bridge_in three weeks .A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds8. The old men and the childr
15、en must _in our country .A. take good care B. be taken good careC. take good care of D. be taken good care of9. Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10. The girl was unhappy because she _by some boys in the class.A. is laughed B. was laughed C
16、. laughed at D. was laughed at11. We _that the English test _next Monday.A. are told, gives B. tell, will giveC. are told, will be given D. told, is going to be given12. Great changes _ place in China since 1978.A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took13._the red pencil-box_by your
17、 father last week?A. Has, bought B. Was, bought C. Does, buy D. Did, buy14. Mary_many songs at the party.A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing15._trees usually_in April?A. Have, planted B. Are, planted C. Do, plant D. Were, planted16. When we got there, the broken roa
18、d_repaired.A. is being B. was being C. has been D. /17. The windows of the room_once a week.A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning18. In 1620, about half the USA_forests.A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with19. The young tree_the stick.A. shou
19、ld be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with20. A present_me by my friend on my birthday.A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to21. By _was the book _?A. who, wrote B. whom, write C. whom, written D. whom, writing22. Films about crime and violence（暴力与犯罪）
20、_by young children .A. should not see B. should be not seenC. should not be seen D. should be seen23. In warm weather fruit and meat _long.A. cant be kept B. dont keep C. is not kept D. arent keeping24. Half the worlds telephone calls _in English.A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made25. That
21、building_now.A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds26. The trees in our school_every Friday afternoon.A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water27. More “ Great Green Walls ” must_all over the world.A. build B. are built C. be building D. be built28. His school bag _by a
22、 woman ten minutes ago.A. took away B. was taken away C. was taken off D. is taken29. It_that she_very clever.A. was said, is B. was said, were C. is said, is D. is said, is being30. Yesterday a visitor_something about his hometown.A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. asked31. Do you like this
23、kind of paper? Yes, it_very nice.A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. feels32. These books _ well.A. sells B. are being sold C. are sold D. sell33. The boy_lost on his way home yesterday.A. got B. is C. gets D. has34. Though the coat is a bit large now, it_me very soon.A. will be fit B. will fit C. f
24、it D. fits35. Football_everywhere in the world.A. is played B. play C. is playing D. plays36. Everybody here was_a present.A. gave B. given C. To give D. Giving37. A new factory_in our city last year.A. built B. has built C. was built D. is building38. All trees must_well when it is dry.A. be watere
25、d B. are watered C. water D. be watering39. This shirt_silk.A. must be made in B. make by C. must be made of D. must be made by40. These books _ good care of.A. must taken B. must take C. have to take D. must be taken41. Stamps _ by people for sending letters.A. use B. in using C. used D. are used42
26、. More trees_next year.A. will be planted B. will plant C. have planted D. are planting43. When_the Peoples Republic of China_? On October 1.1949. A. did found B. was found C. was founded D. is founded44. Today, too many trees are still_in the world.A. cutting down B. cut down C. being cut down D. c
27、utted45. This kind of machine_Japan.A. is made by B. is made from C. is made in D. is made of46. The teacher says that the man will_.A. be well taken care B. well look after C. take care well D. be well looked after47. I think the shop _. No, Its open. It _ at six.A. is close close B. is closed clos
28、es C. closed closes D. is closed48. I was astonished（吃惊）to hear that the colour TV set _5 , 000 yuan.A. has cost B. cost C. costed D. was cost49. Great changes _place since he came here.A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. has taken50. He was seen _ something from the shop.A. steal
29、B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed51. She has_by her classmates.A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at二. 用正确的时态和语态填空1. Nearly everybody here_（know）when the old museum_（build）.2. The building can_（see）from every part of the city; It _（build）many years ago .3. Yesterday Tom_（t
30、ell）me that his bike_（break）last week.4. The students _ often_（tell）to take care of their desks and chairs.5. Now he_（be）asked if the meeting_（hold）next Friday.6. It is known to all that the moon_（turn）round the earth.7. Miss Li often_（use）a recorder in her English class. But she_（not use）it tomorro
31、w.8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits_（sell）in this shop.9. English_（speak）here.10. The song_（like）by us all twenty years ago.11. The pictures_（take）by Jack tomorrow.12. The computer_（can use）in the room.13. The room_（paint）now.14. The novel_（translate）into many languages since it was published.15. That
32、 clock_（call）Big Ben.16. Last week, when I_（ask）about English culture, I couldnt answer it well.17. What language_（speak）in your country?18. School football games _ often _（hold）on Friday evenings.19. The film_（show）again sometime next week.20. If anything_（happen）to him, let me know.21._the pair of
33、 new shoes_（suit）you?22. The bottle_（break）by the cat yesterday.23. A tall tree_（can , see）in the picture.24. The sports meeting_（hold）last week.25. We_（tell）yesterday that Jane would come back from Australia.26. Look, Mr Smith_（take）to the station by Mark in his car.27. These trees should_（water）af
34、ter they_（plant）.28. The TV set_（make）in Beijing. It _（make）last April.29. Colour TVs_（sell）in that shop.30. When the Peoples Republic of China_（found）?31. Have you moved into the new house? Not yet . The rooms_（paint）now.32. An American film _ often_（show）on TV on Sundays.33. She_（tell）the good new
35、s as soon as she arrived.34. Look ! A big modern bridge_（build）over the river.35. Dr. Bethune_（remember）by the Chinese people forever.36. A recorder _ often_（use）in our English class.参考答案一. 选择填空15 BCDAD 610 BCDBD 1115 CBBDB 1620 BCBAB2125 CCAAC 2630 ADBCA 3135 DCABA 3640 BCACD4145 DACBC 4650 DBBBB 5
36、1. D二. 用正确的时态和语态填空1. knows , was built 2. be seen , was built 3. told , was broken4. are , told 5. is , will be held 6. turns7. uses , wont use 8. are sold 9. is spoken10. was liked 11. will be taken 12. can be used13. is being painted 14. has been translated 15. is called16. was asked 17. is spoken 18. are , held19