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1、虚 拟 语 气高/中/语/法/系/列/课主讲人：知识清单1.虚拟和虚拟语气的含义2.虚拟语气的用法和“变态规律”3.虚拟条件句的“三装”4.各类从句的虚拟运用ScenarioGrammarPractice情景导入Scenario听歌填词IfI_aboyEvenjustforadayI_outofbedinthemorningAnd_onwhatIwantedandgo_beerwiththeguysAnd_aftergirlsI_itwithwhoIwantedAndI_never_confrontedforitweredroll throwDrinkchasedkick dgetIf I W
2、ere a BoyBeyonc 问题思考什么是“语气”？什么是“虚拟”？情景导入情景导入He must fall onto the ground on purpose!陈述语气情景导入Dont go there,or the others will think its you that made him fall!祈使语气情景导入I would help him only if I were still young.虚拟语气探索发现Dontgothere,ortheotherswillthinkitsyouthatmadehimfall!IwouldhelphimonlyifIwerestil
3、lyoung.Hemustfallontothegroundonpurpose!请观察实现的可能性探索发现实现的可能性50%时，在英语中要用虚拟语气。牛刀小试以下哪句话可以不是虚拟语气？A.如果我是一只小鸟，我就飞到屋顶。B.如果宇宙有尽头，宇宙的尽头就是铁岭。C.如果时间每前进2秒后退1秒，生活中会发生哪些变化？D.如果我有时间，我就去看你。ScenarioGrammarPractice语法探究Grammar探索发现什么是“虚拟语气呢”和事实相反的语法现象，就叫做“虚拟语气”。探索发现是不是通过改变动词的时态，体现虚拟？一个句子如何变化，才能体现虚拟呢？探索发现“变态”？！答对啦！说话人的“
4、虚拟语气”是通过“变态”来实现的。虚情假意：if虚拟条件句If I were given another chance,I would tell her I love her.were given would tell 白日做梦：对现在虚拟If Ione more chance,Ito the girl,I love you!havewill sayhadwould say悔之晚矣：对过去虚拟If Ithe true love in my life,Ithe girl.cherishedwould live withwould have lived withhad cherished虚拟语气：
5、人生三大悲剧人生三大悲剧could have(done)本来能.should have(done)本来该.would have(done)本来会.悔之晚矣：对将来虚拟If I the most fortunate man,I ever-lasting by her side!shall bewill bewere to beshould bewerewould be虚拟语气：人生三大悲剧你能总结虚拟语气的“变态规律”吗？规律1变态规律一般现在一般过去一般现在时（do/does）一般过去时（did）过去完成时（had done）过去完成变态规律规律2一般将来时（will do）过去将来时（wou
6、ld do）过去将来完成时（would have done）一般将来过去将来过去将来完成would/could/might/should+have done如何记住WCMS？would/could/might/should 这四个怎么记呢？记住首字母“WCMS”就可以了，刚好是“厕所没水”的意思。语法秘籍时态时态构成构成虚拟条件从句虚拟条件从句 与现在事实相反If+主语+did (be用 were)与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone 与将来情况相反If+主语+didIf+主语+weretodoIf+主语+shoulddo主主 句句主语+WCMS+do主语+WCMS+havedone主语+
7、WCMS+doA.B.C.D.真题派送Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_afewmorekilometers.01drovewoulddriveweretodrivehaddriven答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“They might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if they_ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。More选项可点击选项可点击点击看解析点击看解
8、析A.B.C.D.真题派送-Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.-Oh,itstoobad.You_havemadefullpreparations.02mustcanshouldwould答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：一很抱歉，妈妈，我的面试又失败了。一噢，真是太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。should have done本应该做但是没有做。选项可点击选项可点击More点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.真题派送We_backinthehotelnowifyoudidntlosethemap.03arewerewillbewouldbe答案：D
9、解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你不丢失地图，我们就已经到旅馆了。根据条件状语从句中“if we didnt lose the map”可知，主从句都是对现在情况的假设，所以选用D。选项可点击选项可点击More点击看解析点击看解析畅所欲言While the pandemic is still going on,if we participated in the battle of epidemic prevention and control,what could we do?畅所欲言IfIwereadoctor,Iwould/could/might/should_.IfIwereapolice
10、man/policewoman,Iwould/should/might/could_.IfIwereamaskproducer,Iwould/should/might/could_.IfIwereagovernmentofficial,Iwould/should/might/could_.畅所欲言If Li Wenliangs reasonable assumptions had been taken seriously,how would the COVID-19 pandemic have been spreading?畅所欲言If_,theCOVID-19wouldnthavesprea
11、dsofast.IfLiswarninghadbeentakenseriouslybythegovernment,_.畅所欲言If the pandemic were to be over entirely,what would you do?畅所欲言Iftheepidemicweretobeover/shouldbeover/wereovertomorrow,Iwould/could/might/should_.虚拟条件句的“三装”Were I you,I would not make her disappointed.探索发现省略if，则were提前。省略了if，句式发生了怎样的改变？探索
12、发现对。这就是虚拟条件句的“倒装”,倒的是“were/should/had”,要注意否定词not/no不能提前。虚拟条件句的“三装”If you had told her your affection for her,you would not be regretful now.探索发现应该分开考虑，根据各自所虚拟的时间做调整。当主句与从句的时间不一致时，主从句的时态变化是怎样的呢？探索发现 对。这就是虚拟条件句的“混装”，只要熟练运用“变态规律”就好哦。虚拟条件句的“三装”But for the task,you would have lived happily with her.探索发现在
13、这里应该是“but for”。if 去哪里了，他的替身是谁？探索发现还有without,with,under,but,otherwise,分词短语等。除了“But for”，if 还有哪些替身吗？探索发现 对。这就是虚拟条件句的“伪装”，有时候我们用一个暗藏的意思来表示虚拟，也就是“含蓄条件句”。探索发现Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Withfavorablewinds,wemighthavegotthereintwodays.Wecouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.Iwouldhaveg
14、ivenyoumorehelp,butIwassobusy.Heisnotacarefuldriver,otherwisehewouldnthavehadthataccident.Born in better times,hewouldhavebeenascholar.变幻莫测：Ifonly&wish&asifIf only(要是)Zhi Zun Bao had fallen in love with Zi Xia.变幻莫测：Ifonly&wish&asifI wished they could have appreciated what they have,but they act as i
15、f(似乎)they didnt love each other.探索发现都表示一种不能实现的愿望。wish/if only 都表示一种什么样的情感？探索发现 好像也是遵循“变态规律”。对。类似于“可惜.”“.就好了”“但愿.”那它们谓语动词是怎么变化的呢？语法秘籍主句If onlywish wishedas if as though从句与现在事实相反did/were与过去事实相反：had done与将来事实相反：would/could/might+doA.B.C.D.真题派送Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey_thetaskinhalf
16、thetime.04accomplishedhadaccomplishedaccomplishedwouldhaveaccomplished答案：D解析：考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句:主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。选项可点击选项可点击More点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.真题派送Ifwe_thefl
17、ightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.05hadcaughtcaughthavecaughtwouldcatch答案：A解析：考察虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had+v-ed。故选A。选项可点击选项可点击More点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.真题派送_notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.06ItwereWere
18、itItwasWasit答案：B解析：在虚拟语气中，be动词只能用were；虚拟条件句省去连词if时，从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主语+谓语动词.More选项可点击选项可点击点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.真题派送Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.07hadwillhavewouldhavehadhavehad答案：A解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在
19、事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。More选项可点击选项可点击点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.真题派送ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI_it?08haddonewillhavedonewouldhavehaddonehavehaddone答案：A解析：题意：John打坏了窗户，为什么跟“我”谈话？好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if/though 后面的从句用 had done 表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。More选项可点击选项可点击点击看解析点击看解析
20、小试牛刀Which translation is correct?-“如果不曾遇见你，我将会是在哪里。”A.If I had never come across you,where would I be?B.Had I never come across you,where would I have been?C.If I havent come across you,where will I be?小试牛刀Try to translate the following sentence-“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”I wish we could stay young forever so tha
21、t we would be able to enjoy the beautiful moonlight from different places thousands of miles away from each other.小试牛刀Which poem does the following translation come from?If only I got mansions covering ten thousand miles,Id house all scholars poor and make them beam with smiles.Alas!Should these hou
22、ses appear before my eyes,frozen in my unroofed cot,content Id die.各类从句的虚拟运用Sorry,my doctor ordered that I should stay in bed for a few days.Its a pity that you should not come to my party.各类从句的虚拟运用Yes,I must see the doctor about it soon.Its time we hung up.It sounds as if you are getting better.探索发
23、现主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，还有定语从句。虚拟语气还可以运用在哪些从句中？分别代表什么情感？各类从句的虚拟运用Itsapitythatyoushouldnotcometomyparty.Sorry,mydoctororderedthatI(should)stayinbedforafewdays.Nevermind.Itsoundsasifyouaregettingbetter.Yes,Imustseethedoctoraboutitsoon.Itstimewehungup.A:B:A:B:主语从句宾语从句表语从句定语从句各类从句的虚拟运用Itisdesiredsuggested decid
24、edproposedrequestedadvisedrecommendedthatsb(should)do各类从句的虚拟运用Itis/wasa pitya shameno wonderthatsb(should)do各类从句的虚拟运用Itis/wasnecessaryimportantnaturaldesirableadvisablestrangeurgentpreferablethatsb(should)do如何记住WCMS？老师，这里的“should”是应该的意思吗？可以换成would吗？这里的should意为“应该；竟然”可以省略，但不可换用would。如何记住WCMS？老师，这里的从句
25、感觉都是事实，不是说和事实相反的才叫虚拟语气吗？对，这种从句表示的是事实。如果我们对这种事实表示惊奇，就可以用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇，that从句也可用陈述语气。宾语从句的虚拟运用一个坚持：insist两条命令：command,order三条建议：suggest,advise,recommend四个要求：require,request,demand,ask备注：当suggest意味“暗示，表明”，insist意为“坚持说”，宾从用陈述语气。表语从句/同位语从句的虚拟运用表主张：idea,decision,表愿望目标：aim,wish,desire,resolution,plan表建议：
26、advice,advise,recommendation,proposal表命令要求：order,requirement,request,demand,necessity备注：从句用should+动词原形Its(high)time的虚拟运用Itis(high)timesbdidwas/were doingshould+doA.B.C.D.真题派送Itsstrangethathe_havetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission.09wouldshouldcouldmight答案：B解析：考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型
27、It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。选项可点击选项可点击More点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.真题派送Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey_awayinthepast.10hadthrownwouldhavethrownwerethrowingwillbethrowing答案：B解析：人们现在正在回收过去会扔掉的东西。这句话的which引导的是定语从句，是一个
28、隐含的虚拟语气，因为in the past相当于If they had been in the past，所以句子用虚拟语气，和过去相反用would have done。所以选B。选项可点击选项可点击More点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.真题派送Mr.Lirequiredthecomputerequipmentreferred_usedineveryclassroom.11shouldbehavetobetobetobeing答案：C解析：因为在表示“要求”的require,request,ask,demand等动词后的宾语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”，句中referre
29、d to是过去分词短语，作the computer equipment的定语，所以选C。选项可点击选项可点击More点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.真题派送Whatthecustomers_fromthecompanyisthatthegoods_righttotheirhomes.12requested;deliverdemand;bedeliveredrequest;shoulddeliverdemand;deliveredtobeing答案：B解析：该句句意为顾客对该公司的要求就是货物要送货上门。【What the customers_ from the company】是 主语从句
30、，is后面的是表语从句，当名词性从句中涉及到demand等表示”要求“的词时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should常常省略，而从句主语货物和”deliver“应该是被动语态，因此第二个空是be delivered.选项可点击选项可点击More点击看解析点击看解析ScenarioGrammarPractice练习检测PracticeA.B.C.D.单项选择Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_agoodtimetogether.01hadwillhavewouldhavehadhadhad答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗
31、憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。More选项可点击选项可点击点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.单项选择Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeaths_sincetheirhighestin2005.02hadnotfallenwouldnotfalldidnotfallwouldno
32、thavefallen答案：D解析：该句句意为如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气，if条件句用的had done,而且省略it,将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选D。选项可点击选项可点击MoreA.B.C.D.单项选择IwishI_atmysistersweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.03willbewouldbehavebeenhadbeen答案：D解析：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不
33、可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住时间状语last Tuesday，可以判断出此题wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。More选项可点击选项可点击点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.单项选择Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble_theschedule.04didIknowhaveIknowndoIknowhadIknown答案：D解析：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I h
34、ad known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。More选项可点击选项可点击点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.单项选择Itistimethatthegovernment_measurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.05takestookhastakentaking答案：B解析：句型“It is time that.”从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示虚拟。More选项可点击选项可点击点击看解析点击看解析A.B.C.D.单项选择Ifwe_atableearlier,wewouldntbestan
35、dinghereinaqueue.06havebookedbookedhadbookedbook答案：C解析：考查虚拟语气。条件句“如果我们早订了桌子”是对过去的假设，所以用过去完成时的形式，选D。点拨：虚拟语气是高考中的必考内容，也是教学的难点。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。More选项可点击选项可点击点击看解析点击看解析句子改错Thedoctororderedthatshestayedinbedforafewdays.Idratheryouwillgototheconcertwithmethisev
36、ening.Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldhavebeenverytirednow.Itishightimethatweleaveforourhometown01020304staywentwould beleft/should leave1.stayed (should)stay。order的宾语从句的谓语用“（should）+动词原形”的虚拟结构。2.will go went。would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去时表示现在或将来要做的事情。3.would have been would be。从句说的是过去，所以用过去完成时，而主句指的是现在，即现在的虚拟
37、结果，所以用“would+动词原形”。4.leave left/should leave。在“It is（high）time that”句型中，从句的谓语动词一般用过去式或should+动词原形，should不可省。More句子改错IfonlyIcanspeakseveralforeignlanguages!IwishIdidntdosuchafoolishthingyesterday.Whatwouldhavehappenedifyoudidnthelpher?Butforyourgreatefforts,theworkcouldntbefinishedontime.050607085.ca
38、n could。if only引出的句子要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望。6.didnt do hadnt done。wish后的宾语从句谓语用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。7.didnt help hadnt helped。主句用“would/should+have+过去分词”，表示过去时间的虚拟条件从句要用过去完成时。8.couldnt be couldnt have been。句意：要不是你那么努力，工作就不会准时完成了。从but for（要不是）短语中的“great”可知，“你”已经付出了努力，是暗含的条件，所以后面句子相当于虚拟条件句的主句，而且与过去事实相反
39、，应该用couldnt have been。Morecouldhadnt donehadnt helpedcouldnt have been句子改错-DoyouhaveBettysphonenumber?-Yes.Otherwise,I_(be)abletoreachheryesterday._(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.0102wouldnthavebeenWere01.答案：wouldnt have been解析：根据句意otherwise意思是否则的话，一般引导虚拟
40、语气，结合具体语境可知，是和过去虚拟，所以主句用would have done。句意：-你有贝蒂的号码吗？-有，要不然昨天我都联系不上她了02.答案：Were解析：考查虚拟语气倒装形式虚拟语气倒装一般有：were；should；had所以此题答案为B，完整的句型为 If it were not for the support，句意是要不是老师的支持。考生需掌握if引导虚拟倒装的用法，并结合具体语境灵活使用。句子改错Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI_(dance)aswellasher.Mymomsuggeststhatwe_(eat)outforachangethi
41、sweekend.Whydidntyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou_(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.030405danced(should)eathadtold03.答案：danced解析：根据谓语动词 is 可确定是对现在情况的假设。wish后跟宾语从句用虚拟语气时，如对现在情况假设，从句中的谓语动词用过去式（be 用 were），所以用过去式句意：Ellen是一个极棒的舞者，我希望我能跳得和她一样地好。点评：此题考查wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气的情况分为三种情况：1对现在情况的假设：wish+主语+动词过去式（be 用
42、were）；2对过去情况的假设：wish+主语+had 过去分词；3对将来情况的假设：wish+主语+would/could+动词原形解题时先根据语境或时间副词/短语的提示，确定是对哪种情况的假设，再选用正确的谓语动词形式04.答案：(should)eat解析：考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为suggest，表示建议，其后所接的名词性从句应用“(should)动词原形”的虚拟语气。05.答案：had told解析:题目考套虚拟语气。根据第一句可知，对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时。句意：您上周为他系没有查诉我你遇到的度烦?如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。读后续写比尔盖茨的
43、TED演讲“Thenextoutbreak?Wearenotready.”中，当他谈到埃博拉病毒时，也用到了好几次虚拟语气。比如埃博拉病毒之所以没有大范围扩散，原因之一是没有传播到人流量密集的城市区域：读后续写Ifithadgottenintoalotmoreurbanareas,thecasenumberswouldhavebeenmuchlarger.Butevenso,wewerefarslowerthanweshouldhavebeengettingthethousands ofworkers into these countries.As anexample,wecouldhavetakenthebloodofsurvivors,processed it,and put that plasma backin people toprotectthem.Butthatwasnevertried._脑 洞 英 语 出 品