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1、专题 6完形填空常考题型考向考查年份关联知识点动词2020年全国卷(41题)动词固定搭配的介词；动作先后顺序等名词2020年全国卷(27题)2019年新高考(48题)原词复现或者近义词改写形容词、副词2021年全国卷I（43题，50题）同义词的区分，等级比较方法点拨考向一 动词的解题技巧【典例一】【2021年新高考全国卷】My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Be
2、tsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, _41_ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its _42_ throughout Cleveland.41. A. soldB. orderedC. madeD. reserved【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered定制；C. made制作；D. reserved预定。根据“Our
3、_48_ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. _49_ bunny from the belt.”可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选C。【技巧点拨】My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a ba
4、king factory.My best friend Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, _41_ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its _42_throughout Cleveland.Our_48_in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.41. A. soldB. ordered
5、C. madeD. reserved步骤一：看前后动作，人物关系以及搭配的介词。有时动作并非前后句，而是上下文的动作。根据前面“work”“baking factory”“a manager at Hough Bakeries”以及“for”，可以判断此处41空的动词应该是和在烘焙厂的工作有关。具体做什么工作？后文“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.”表明是制作蛋糕。步骤二：分析选项。选项B. ordered 和D. reserved意思相近，都有订购的意思，可以优先排
6、除。这样锁定答案A和C。A选项不和for搭配，正确用法是sell sth. to sb.或者sell sth. for+价格。步骤三：上下文分析，确定选项。由后文制作蛋糕，可以确定答案是C。【典例二】【2020年新高考全国卷】_31_ young plants in the dry season was _32_ for a lone boy. Molai built at the _33_ of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to _34_ rainwater.
7、 The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.31. A. DecoratingB. ObservingC. WateringD. Guarding【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。【技巧点拨】_31_ young plants in
8、 the dry season was _32_ for a lone boy. Molai built at the _33_ of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to _34_ rainwater. The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.31. A. DecoratingB. ObservingC. WateringD. Guarding解题方法：看前后动作。根据前面“built”“place”以及“
9、drip”，可以判断此处31空的动词应该是和水有关。这样可以锁定答案为C。考向二 形容词、副词的解题技巧【典例】【2021年新高考全国卷】Our _48_ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. _49_ bunny from the belt. This was _50_ than it sounds. _51_ a bit and the cakes pile up.50. A. harderB. betterC.
10、 longerD. cheaper【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的； C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据“_51_ a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。【技巧点拨】看文章前后情感的提示，有时提示并非前后句，而是上下文的提示，此技巧需要学生对篇章中的形容词有敏锐的观察力。Our_48_in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ear
11、s. Apply icing eyes and nose._49_ bunny from the belt. This was _50_ than it sounds._51_ a bit and the cakes pile up.50. A. harderB. betterC. longerD. cheaper此处根据前文的“simple”以及后文的“than it sounds”，可以判断出这里应该是比听起来的“难”，即simple的反义词，故选A。考向三 名词的解题技巧【典例】【2020年新高考全国卷】A flood had hit the area earlier that year
12、 and the _24_ it caused had driven away a number of birds. _25_, the number of snakes had declined as well. He _26_ that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the _27_.The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek _28_ during the daytime. He turned to
13、the _29_ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _30_ a nearby island where he began to plant trees._31_ young plants in the dry season was _32_ for a lone boy. Molai built at the _33_ of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform, where he p
14、laced earthen pots with small holes to _34_ rainwater. The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.27. A. noiseB. heatC. diseaseD. dust【27题详解】27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。【技巧点拨】名词的解法通常是原文的原词复现或者近义词改写。也
15、就是说需要学生在原文找到相关的提示词才能准确得出答案。A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the _24_ it caused had driven away a number of birds. _25_, the number of snakes had declined as well. He _26_ that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the _27_.The solution, of course, was to plant t
16、rees so the animals could seek _28_ during the daytime. He turned to the _29_ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _30_ a nearby island where he began to plant trees._31_ young plants in the dry season was _32_ for a lone boy. Mol
17、ai built at the _33_ of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to _34_ rainwater. The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.27. A. noiseB. heatC. diseaseD. dust27题从上文看，很难找到线索。没有足够的树保护那些鸟儿对抗什么？分析选项，都和地点相关，鸟儿生存的地方是太吵闹，还是太干旱？根据下文dry season，锁定B。【2021年新高考全
18、国卷】My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, _41_ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its _42_ throughout Cleveland. It happened that the pl
19、ant downtown needed eight kids for _43_ help during our spring break, for which I had no _44_ beyond listening to my favorite records. Id _45_ minimum wage. Id see how a factory _46_. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsys dad with their _47_.Our _48_ in the factory were s
20、imple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. _49_ bunny from the belt. This was _50_ than it sounds. _51_ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than Id _52_.Dad _53_. The son of
21、a grocer, hed spent the summers of his childhood _54_ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you _55_ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.41. A. soldB. orderedC. madeD. reserved42. A. storesB. familiesC. schoolsD. citizens43. A. genero
22、usB. financialC. technicalD. temporary44. A. plansB. problemsC. excusesD. hobbies45. A. offerB. earnC. setD. suggest46. A. workedB. closedC. developedD. survived47. A. ambitionB. permissionC. experienceD. invitation48. A. joysB. ideasC. rolesD. choices49. A. SaveB. KeepC. StopD. Remove50. A. harderB
23、. betterC. longerD. cheaper51. A. Calm downB. Slow downC. Stay onD. Move on52. A. indicatedB. witnessedC. expectedD. remembered53. A. criedB. smiledC. hesitatedD. refused54. A. tastingB. findingC. sharingD. delivering55. A. withdrawB. donateC. receiveD. appreciate【答案】41-45 CADAB 46-50 ABCDA 51-55 BC
24、BDD【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了在一次春假时，我去工厂打工赚钱，感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让小孩子感谢得到的报酬，而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered定制；C. made制作；D. reserved预定。根据“Our _48_ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply
25、icing eyes and nose. _49_ bunny from the belt.”可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选C。42. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭；C. schools学校；D. citizens市民。根据“throughout Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。43. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间
26、，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的；B. financial财政的；C. technical技术的；D. temporary暂时的。根据“during our spring break”可知这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. excuses借口；D. hobbies爱好。根据“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知我没有其他
27、计划。故选A。45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我挣的是最低工资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得；C. set放置；D. suggest建议。根据“minimum wage”可知我挣的是最低工资。故选B。46. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想看看工厂是如何运作的。A. worked运作；B. closed关闭；C. developed发展；D. survived幸存。根据“Id see how a factory”可知这里意思是我想看看工厂是如何运作的。故选A。47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的同意。A. amb
28、ition抱负；B. permission允许；C. experience经历；D. invitation邀请。根据“Our _48_ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. _49_ bunny from the belt.”可知我们已经在工厂工作了，所以必然是得到了他们的同意。故选B。48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. jo
29、ys欢乐；B. ideas观点；C. roles任务；D. choices选择。根据“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. _49_ bunny from the belt.”可知这是我们的任务。故选C。49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. Save节省；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止；D. Remove移动。根据“bunny from the belt.”可知这里意思是把兔
30、子从传送带上拿下来。故选D。50. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的；C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据“_51_ a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。51. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢一点，蛋糕就堆起来了。A. Calm down平静下来； B. Slow down慢一点；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on往前走。根据“and the cakes pile up”可知这里意思是慢一点，就会造成蛋糕堆积起来的后果。故选B。52. 考查动
31、词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一个晚上晚餐上告诉父母的那样，一切都比我预料的要紧张。A. indicated表明；B. witnessed目击；C. expected预料；D. remembered记得。根据“This was _50_ than it sounds. _51_ a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知工作的实际情况比我预料的要紧张。故选C。53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了；B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫；D. refused拒绝。根据“The son of a grocer, hed spent the
32、summers of his childhood _54_ food in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you _55_ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。A. tasting品尝；B
33、. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering送货。根据“The son of a grocer”可知作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。故选D。55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐赠；C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“the dollars you earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。试题汇编【2021届河北省“五个一”名校联盟高三上学期第一次联考
34、】An English battleship was sailing at sea in the severe weather for several days. The visibility was poor _21_ heavy fog, so the captain landed on the watchtower, _22_ all the activities.Shortly, a lookout reported that a light ahead was _23_. The captain asked, “Is it steady or _24_ towards our shi
35、p?” The lookout replied, “The light was steady, but our _25_ was going to be in _26_ with that one.” The captain ordered the lookout to send a signal to that ship and told them that the two sides would have the risk of crashing into each other if they didnt _27_ course. Back came a signal, “Its _28_
36、 for you to change course.” Then the captain shouted angrily. “Send, Im a battleship. Youll change course.” “Captain, Ive never seen you _29_ your top before.” the lookout said and did. Back came another signal, “Im a lighthouse!” The captain was _30_ after knowing this, and they had to change their
37、 course _31_.On our path in life, we sometimes have to change course: _32_, we would run into the _33_. Some people spend much time trying to change everything around them, not realizing they can _34_ it only by changing themselves. Theyre hitting their head on the barrier but expecting a good resul
38、t. Its just as stupid as not changing their course when those are about to collide with a lighthouse. So when life puts an unmovable _35_ in front of you, stick to the secret: changing course and going on.21. A. in spite ofB. in addition toC. on account ofD. on top of22. A. keeping an eye onB. enqui
39、ring aboutC. engaging inD. turning a deaf ear to23. A. chargingB. fallingC. fadingD. flashing24. A. shootingB. movingC. pointingD. looking25. A. instructionB. methodC. shipD. captain26. A. tradeB. peaceC. collisionD. comparison27. A. affectB. readjustC. admitD. uncover28. A. typicalB. earlyC. challe
40、ngingD. advisable29. A. blowB. reachC. stuffD. show30. A. heartbrokenB. innocentC. relievedD. thunderstruck31. A. temporarilyB. instantlyC. slowlyD. merrily32. A. otherwiseB. howeverC. thereforeD. anyway33. A. top secretB. safe pathC. comfort zoneD. brick wall34. A. learnB. makeC. takeD. see35. A. o
41、pportunityB. targetC. objectD. fantasy【安徽省合肥市2019届高三高考一模】Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on full scholarship. But just before junior year, Greenbergs _21_ changed. One day his vision “_22_ up” and later he was diagnosed (诊断) with glaucoma (青光眼). Then doctors operated on Greenb
42、ergs eyes. _23_, the surgery didnt work. Greenberg was going blind. He was so _24_ that he refused to see anyone.As Greenberg s best friend, Arthur persuaded Greenberg to go back to Columbia and _25_ to be his reader. Arthur read _26_ to him every day, taking time out from his own study, and Greenbe
43、rg _27_ scoring straight As. Still, he was _28_ about getting around alone and relied on his friend.Then, one afternoon, Greenberg and Arthur went to Midtown Manhattan. When it was time to go back to campus, Arthur said he couldnt _29_ him because of an appointment. Greenberg _30_ They argued, and A
44、rthur walked off, _31_ Greenberg alone in Grand Central Terminal.Greenberg, who was completely _32_, stumbled (蹒珊)through the rush-hour crowd. He took a shuttle train west to Times Square, and then transferred to an uptown train. Four miles later, he _33_ at the Columbia University stop.At the unive
45、rsitys gates, someone _34_ him. “Oops, excuse me, sir.” Greenberg _35_ the voice. It was Arthurs. Greenbergs first reaction was _36_, but in the next second, he realized what he had just _37_-and realized, too, who had made it possible. _38_, Arthur had been with him the whole way, using one of the most _39_ strategies.Blindness doesnt make Greenberg fail to appreciate the _40_ of life. He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.21. A. faithB. attitudeC. fortuneD. reputation22. A. litB. clearedC. steamedD. cheered23. A. HoweverB. MoreoverC