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1、专题 7谓语动词常考题型题型考查年份关联知识点一般时态2021全国甲卷2021全国新高考卷2018全国卷一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时进行时态2018浙江卷11月现在进行时；过去进行时；将来进行时完成时态2020浙江卷2019全国卷2019全国卷2018全国卷现在完成时；过去完成时；将来完成时高考涉及的其他时态/过去将来时；现在完成进行时；过去完成进行时被动语态2021全国甲卷2021浙江卷2020全国卷2020全国卷2020浙江卷被动语态的构成为“be过去分词”；主动形式表示被动含义方法点拨考向一 一般时态【典例】【2021全国甲卷语法填空】We _ (hire) our bikes f
2、rom the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.【答案】hired【解析】考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。【提分秘籍】1. 一般现在时(1) 表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，sometimes，u
3、sually，every day/night等连用。 (2) 按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。(3) 用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers us.每天晚上两点左右，苏就说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。If it doesnt rain, well go on a picnic as
4、planned.如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。The flight takes off at 2: 30 every Wednesday and Friday.飞机每周三、周五2: 30起飞。2. 一般过去时表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作，常与every day，often，sometimes等时间状语连用。Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been?好长时间没见你了！你去哪里了？I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year, tea
5、ching as a volunteer.我去了宁夏，在那里待了一年，作为一名志愿者教学。3. 一般将来时(1) “shall/will动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。(2) “be going to动词原形”表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事情；表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。(3) “be to动词原形”表示预先安排好的计划或约定；表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义务、命令等；表示注定要发生的事情。(4) “be about to动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。I am
6、to meet Mr.Brown at eleven oclock this morning.我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。I was about to go out when it began to rain.我正要外出，这时开始下雨了。1. 【2021全国新高考卷语法填空】You cant help wondering how hard it_ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.【答案】was【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how ha
7、rd it_ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。2. 【2020新高考全国卷语法填空】The parts of a museum open to the public_ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museums collection is on display. Most of it
8、is stored away or used for research.【答案】are called【解析】本句主语The parts of a museum与动词call为被动关系，故用其被动语态。本段讲述的是有关博物馆的客观事实，又根据后面的is可知应用一般现在时。3. 【2018全国卷语法填空】While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.【答
9、案】is【解析】本文讲述跑步的好处，用的是现在时态，再根据空白处前面的cant make和says可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用is。考向二 进行时态【典例】【2018浙江卷11月语法填空】You probably _ (use) caffeine since childhood.【答案】have used/have been using【解析】由since可知此处用现在完成时或现在完成进行时表示这一情况从过去某时一直持续到现在，已经终止或还有可能持续下去。【提分秘籍】1. 现在进行时(1) 表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 (2) 表示按计
10、划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear等表示移动、方向的动词。(3) 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用)。2. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten oclock yesterday等连用。She was phoning someone, s
11、o I nodded to her and went away.她正在跟别人打电话，因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。3. 将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要从将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。Daniels family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.丹尼尔一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。考向三 完成时态【典例】【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】By about 6000 BC, people _ (discover) the best crops to grow and animal
12、s to raise.【答案】had discovered【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语by about 6000 BC得知应该用过去完成时，主语是people，因此要用had discovered。【提分秘籍】1. 现在完成时(1) 表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作，常用的时间状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few years，up to now，so far等。(2) 表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与for，since等表示一段时间的状语连用。(3) 在条件、时间、让
13、步状语从句中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。(4) “This/It is the first/second.timethat”从句，that从句中谓语要用现在完成时。(5) It(This)is the best(worst, most interesting等)名词定语从句，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。Have you heard about the recent election?你听说过近期的选举吗？Sure, it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.当然了，它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。It is
14、the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.这是我自从到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。2. 过去完成时(1) 表示
15、在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。(2) 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语：by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time句子等。(3) 表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。(4) 在“hardly (scarcely) .when.”，“no sooner.than.”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一就”。Sofia
16、looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she had seen most of the guests before.索菲娅环视了所有的面庞，她有印象绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he had had it for a very long time.他把自己的吉他卖掉时并不高兴。毕竟，他拥有这把吉他已经很长时间了。By the time Jack returned home from England, his son
17、 had graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下了。3. 将来完成时表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作，并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状语为“by将来某个时间”。By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket, we will have stayed there for one hour.等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待了一个小
18、时了。1. 【2019全国卷语法填空】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.【答案】have reported【解析】由in recent years可知此处语境表示的是从过去某时一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时。2. 【2019全国卷语法填空】I love coming here and seeing my fa
19、mily and all the friends I _ (make) over the years.【答案】have made【解析】over the years常与完成时连用，在此意为“（从过去某时到现在的）多年来”。根据主句谓语动词love的时态可知，定语从句的谓语动词make应用现在完成式。3. 【2018全国卷语法填空】Since 2011, the country _ (grow) more corn than rice. 【答案】has grown【解析】由Since 2011“自2011年以来”可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时，且主语th
20、e country是单数名词。考向四 高考涉及的其他时态【典例】【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】In fact, he _ (surprise) people since the beginning of his career.【答案】has been surprising/has surprised【解析】考查动词时态。句意：事实上，从他的职业生涯开始，他就让人们感到惊讶。根据句意可知，此处可以使用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示从其职业生涯开始就持续使人们感到惊讶，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been surprising或has surprised。【提分秘
21、籍】1. 过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用于宾语从句中。He hoped that he would be given a more suitable job in 2016. K他希望在2016年能得到更合适的工作。2. 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。Since the time humankind started gardening, we have been trying to make our environment more
22、beautiful.自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起，我们就一直在努力让我们的环境变得更加美丽。The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。3. 过去完成进行时(had been doing)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻，这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。
23、(动作仍继续)She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)考向五 被动语态【典例】【2021全国甲卷语法填空】It _ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).【答案】was built【解析】考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间
24、是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。【提分秘籍】1. 被动语态的构成为“be过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态，除be外被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become过去分词。2. 只要及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语：last，cost，spread，happen(to)，take place，belong to，break out，go out，run o
25、ut，work out。3. 主动形式表示被动含义(1) 表示感受、感官的系动词如feel，sound，taste，look等，后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。(2) 当sell，read，draw，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty.在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利
26、尽力履行好自己的职责。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。His books sell well, so they will be sold soon.他的书很畅销，因此很快就会卖光。1. 【2021浙江卷语法填空】It is calculated by dividing a persons weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _ (consider) healthy.【答案】is considered【解析】考查谓语动词时态和
27、语态。此空应填入consider的谓语形式，根据前半句的It is可判断时态为一般现在时，且根据句意“19到25之间的BMI（体重指数）被认为是健康值”，可知BMI与consider为被动关系，故语态为被动。2. 【2020全国卷语法填空】“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _ (construc
28、t).”【答案】means; is constructed【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moo
29、n是单数，故填is constructed。3. 【2020全国卷语法填空】The artist was sure he would _ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed. 【答案】be chosen【解析】be chosen句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。4. 【2020浙江卷7月语法填
30、空】And, as more children were born, more food_ (need).【答案】was needed【解析】考查动词语态。food是句子主语，食物是被需要的，所以空格填动词的被动语态，因此要用was needed。试题汇编1. 【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】It _ (go) on to say that almost half of all museums reported an annual increase in visitor numbers.2. 【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】In 2017, a survey _ (co
31、nduct) to find out how funding cuts affected museums.3. 【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _ (make) over the years. 4. 【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】As the saying goes, “A hero _ (know) in the time of misfortune”. Zhong Nanshan is a hero like this.5. 【重庆市一中2021届高三适应
32、性考试】In 2003, SARS _ (break) out in Guangdong.6. 【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】For centuries, this simple counting device (设备) _ (pass) down through different dynasties with its original design and purpose actually unchanged.7. 【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The Mingsha Mountain _ (locate) in Dunhuang city in western Chin
33、a.8. 【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The spring, which looks like a crescent moon (新月), _ (exist) for thousands of years, and has never dried up.9. 【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The spring, which looks like a crescent moon (新月), has existed for thousands of years, and has never dried up. The formation and continuous ex
34、istence of the Crescent Spring _ (be) all related to its geographic location.10. 【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】The newly completed section from the Daxing Airport to Xiongan _ (allow) a speed of 350 kilometers per hour.11. 【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】The 42,000 square-meter railway station _ (shape) like a dewdrop (水滴)on a
35、 lotus leaf and is covered with photovoltaic materials.12. 【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】But it didnt take long for Wu Lei to fit in after he _ (move) from Shanghai SIPG to Spanish club Espanyol at the end of January.13. 【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】“The wild elephants get annoyed if they _ (disturb),” one of the employe
36、es Chen Jiming says. Chen _ (take) care of wild elephants for the past 20 years.14. 【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】As it returned successfully, Change 5 _ (become) the first lunar sample-return spacecraft since 1976.15. 【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, _ (carve) on turtle shells or bones
37、of animals, and can give us insight into how ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.16. 【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】Those amazing light shows in the sky of the arctic regions occur frequently between September and October and then occur again between March and April. They
38、can also _ (see) sometimes in winter.17. 【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】Shanghai is a people-centric city. I stayed in Shanghai during the pandemic and now my perception of the city _ (change) as 1 experienced a city that cares about its citizens regardless of their nationality and origin.18. 【湖北省2021届高三联考】China l
39、aunched a large robotic spacecraft early Tuesday morning at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in south Chinas Hainan province, tasking it with landing on the moon and bringing back lunar samples, 44 years after such extraterrestrial substances (外星物质) _ (bring) back to earth the last time.19. 【河北省张家口市
40、2021届高三一模】With more than 53,000 followers, they often got comments asking why Newey was delivering pizzas at his age. The family _ (decide) to do some good.20. 【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】When the sun, moon and the earth are in a straight line, there will be an eclipse, so that the moon completely _ (block) t
41、he sun.21. 【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】Once it _ (observe) that hippos in Zimbabwe left their rivers during an eclipse, and headed towards their night feeding places on dry land. In the middle of their journey, the solar eclipse passed, daylight returned, and the hippos gave up their efforts.22. 【河北省保定市2021届高
42、三模拟】In the past two decades, the Chinese government _ (strengthen) ecological protection of wetlands along the Yellow River, Making various species of wild birds take shelter in the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, located at the rivers estuary in East Chinas Shandong province.23. 【河北省保定市
43、2021届高三模拟】Last year, a total of 57 pairs of oriental storks _ (find) to nest and reproduce outside the reserve.24. 【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】A research conducted by the World Health Organization finds that nearly 50% of teens _ (fall) into the habit of exposing themselves to unsafe levels of sound so far.25.
44、 【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Awakening of Insects (惊蛰) _ (fall) on Mar 6 and ends on Mar 20 this year.26. 【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】Eating pears around the Awakening of Insects _ (be) a widely-practiced custom in China.27. 【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】She
45、, together with her teammates, _ (help) villagers sell nearly 500,000 kilograms of oranges every week.28. 【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】Gan_ (know) as one of the pioneers who shares country life and promotes sales of related products online.29. 【广东省六校2021届高三联考】In a time when many people around the globe are in l
46、ockdown and unable to attend the gym, emphasis_ (place) on home exercising.30. 【广东省六校2021届高三联考】Cardiovascular exercise (有氧运动), often simply called cardio, is designed to keep your heart rate up, and gradually _ (strength) your heart and improve your general fitness.参考答案1. 【答案】went【解析】考查时态。此处缺乏谓语动词，本
47、句It指代前面的a survey，a survey是2017年执行的，所以用一般过去时。故填went。2. 【答案】was conducted【解析】考查时态和语态。此处缺乏谓语动词，由时间状语In 2017可知，该句使用过去时，而主语a survey与谓语动词conduct是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语a survey是单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填was conducted。3. 【答案】have made【解析】考查时态。句意：我喜欢来到这里，看看我的家人和我多年来结交的所有朋友。根据句意和句中“over the years”可知，句中的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，应用现在完成时，I与have连用，make的过去分词为made。故填have made。4. 【答案】is known【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：俗话说，“时势造英雄”