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1、专题 1定语从句常考题型题型考查年份关联知识点关系代词2020全国卷2020新高考全国卷that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词2020全国卷2019新课标I卷when, why, where介词+关系代词2017江苏卷介词+which/whomas 2018北京卷such.as, the same.as等方法点拨考向一 关系代词引导的定语从句【技法点拨】引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。1. who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从
2、句中可作主语、宾语等。Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。2. whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose名词”可用“the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词”来代替。Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?你认识那个书法非常漂
3、亮的男孩吗？3. which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government, will succeed.我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。4. 指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不
4、定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。I have read all the books (that) you gave me.你给我的书我都已经读过了。(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second，the last修饰时。This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。The only thing that matters is to find our
5、 way home.唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.他们谈论起他们记得的学校里的人和事。5. 在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。Our football team won the final, which made us excited.我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关
6、系代词之前时，只能用which。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.过去我居住的房子变成了鞋店。【典例】1. 【2021浙江卷语法填空】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句/关系代词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，而先行词tool为物，
7、故此处填关系代词that或which。2. 【2020全国卷语法填空】In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】whose【解析】句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。3. 【2020新高考全国卷语法填空】The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of
8、the British Museum _ opened in 1759.【答案】which/that【解析】关系代词which/that引导定语从句，指代先行词the British Museum，在从句中作主语。4. 【2019全国卷语法填空】They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who/that【解析】此处用who或that引导定语从句修饰先行词masters。考向二 关系副词引导的定语从句【关系副词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】当定语从句中
9、不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which。why表原因的介词(如for)which。1. 关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。The reason wh
10、y I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which。why表原因的介词(如for)which。2. way和time后接定语从句的情况。(1)当先行词是way（意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语）时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in wh
11、ich或省略。如：I dont like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.我不喜欢他看我的方式。(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/duringwhich”引导定语从句。如：This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face.这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。There was a time when I hated go
12、ing to school.曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。【典例】1. 【2020全国卷语法填空】Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向
13、航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。2. 【2019新课标I卷短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语
14、，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。3. 【2018新课标II卷短文改错】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.【答案】which前加in或which改为where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。考向三 “介词which/whom”引导的定语从句【技法点拨】掌握“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：1. 关系代词的确定在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先
15、行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。2. 介词的位置介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。如：The house in which we live is very large.The house (which/that) we live in is very large.
16、我们住的房子很大。This is the man from whom I learned the news.This is the man (that/whom) I learned the news from.就是这个男人，我从他那里得到的这个消息。注意：如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。如：My youngest brother, whom I have to look after, is demanding.我得照看我的小弟弟，真是让人费神。3. 关系代词前介词的确定(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如：The fellow to whom I spo
17、ke made no answer at first.我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)(2)根据先行词来确定。如：Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如：Air, without which man cant live, is really important.空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(live without)4. “名词/代词介词关系代词”结构
18、此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none/the largestofwhich/whom”等。如：Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。5. “复合介词短语关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。6. “介词which/wh
19、om不定式”结构The poor man has no house in which to live.The poor man has no house to live in.The poor man has no house in which he can live.那个穷人没房子住。【典例】【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】Long, long ago, the King of the Skies had a lovely daughter, to _ he made many careful plans for her future.【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句。句意：很久
20、以前，天空之王有一个可爱的女儿，他为她的未来做了许多仔细的计划。分析该句子结构可知，该句是由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为daughter，指人，从句中作介词to的宾语，故此处用关系代词whom，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，指人，只能用whom。故填whom。1. （2017江苏卷单项填空）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句
21、。分析句子结构可知，one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the World Food Programme，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。2. （2016江苏卷单项填空）Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams
22、.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育。故C项正确。考向四 as引导的定语从句【技法点拨】1. as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。They could only read such stories as had been rewri
23、tten in simple English.他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)2. 关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)位置不同as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：As is often the case, little boys tend to be very active and out of contro
24、l.小男孩总是很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。(2)意义不同as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样；as is well knownas is known to all众所周知；as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样；as (it) often happens正如经常发生的那样；as is often the case正如经常发生的那样；as has been said before如上所
25、述；as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as I remember (it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。如：He opposed the idea, as could be expected.不出所料，他反对这个意见。(3)用法不同当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。如：He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected).他来得很晚，这是未预料到的。当as在句中作主语时，后常接动词的被动语态。如：be known, be sai
26、d, be reported等。如果从句中动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如：She has been absent again, as is expected.她又缺席了，正如预料的那样。【典例】1. Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of film _ is bad for their mental development.【答案】as【解析】考查定语从句用法。从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词，且先行词由such修饰，故用关系代词as。2. （2018北京卷单项填空）She and her family
27、bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中作主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。试题汇编1. 【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31_ works alongside her in the family business said it rema
28、ined unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.2. 【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】He is a doctor in Guangdong, _ saved many peoples lives in 2003.3. 【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The Crescent Spring, _ beauty attracts tourists from home and abroad, has become a romantic paradise for visitors.4. 【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】Pas
29、sengers now can travel from Beijings center to Xiongan New Area within 50 minutes, thanks to the Beijing-Xiong Intercity Railway, _ was officially put into use on Sunday, a significant step in boosting the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster.5. 【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】Now as a Chinese international, Wu is
30、 working hard to show that “there are players in China _ can shine in the best leagues in the world”, he told Global Times.6. 【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】The sample, _ includes 1,700 grams of lunar rocks and soil, is larger than previous ones.7. 【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】While its wonderful for people _ Want to se
31、e what these museums offer and teach them, its not always the best for the museums facing increasing hardships in terms of Funding.8. 【湖北省2021届高三联考】It marked the successful conclusion of Chinas current three-step lunar exploration program of orbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, _ began i
32、n 2004.9. 【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】The tables quickly turned for an 89-year-old pizza delivery driver _ received a surprise delivery of his own from “regulars”.10. 【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】Similarly, fish and birds, _ are active during the day, go to their night resting places while bats come out.11. 【河北省保定市2021届
33、高三模拟】The rising number of wild birds in the reserve has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, _ are able to spot oriental storks (东方白鹤) and other wild birds even outside the reserve.12. 【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】Young adults _ have been exposed to loud noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss sym
34、ptoms.13. 【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry, _ can cause colds or coughs.14. 【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】As Gans fame grew, they began to sell fruit from their family orchard, _soon fell short of demand.15. 【广东省六校2021届高三联
35、考】Practising yoga or Tai Chi can help to keep our bodies supple, _in turn can lower joint pain and help to protect us from injury.16. 【广州2021届高三一模】Originally the leaves were baked into a brick, a part of _could be broken off and made into a powder.17. 【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】The 2020 Summer Olympics, _ wer
36、e planned for this summer in Tokyo, have been formally put off until 2021 because of COVID-19.18. 【福建省厦门市2021届高三质检】Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language flexibly so that you are perceived to be polite, and so that you can better connect with people _ are foreign to you!19. 【福建
37、省龙岩市2021届高三质检】In Aug 2019, Liang won the gold medal at the 45th World Skills Competition in Electronics in Kazan, Russia, _is the biggest vocational education and skills excellence event in the world, organized every second year by the World Skills International with an aim to show the skills and pr
38、omote career of youth.20. 【福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟】According to a study published in the UK recently, those _ like jogging and do this kind of exercise regularly for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life.21. 【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】The poem implies that Lu Xun would serve the peopl
39、e heart and soul and would never give in to enemies, _ fully expresses the poets loyalty to the people.22. 【重庆市育才中学2021届高三模拟】Still, when you start your journey of positive thinking, you shall meet wonderful new people, with _ you can share positive attitude.23. 【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】Not only that, it wa
40、s left in the exact spot _ he fed the crows.24. 【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】The road itself has already been completed, and now its only a matter of connecting the grid（输电网）, _ is expected to be finished by the end of the year alongside the completion of the Jinan Expressways south section.25. 【山东省青岛市2021届高三质
41、检】Tai Chi Chuan, _is famous as a kind of martial art, has been practiced China for centuries.26. 【辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三模拟】She created a charity in memory of her grandmother, _ passed away from Alzheimers disease.27. 【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】In todays world _ global warming is a serious issue, the bicycle is a per
42、fect way of reducing our carbon footprint.28. 【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】It also helps older passengers and those_ need help walking the last few steps to the boarding gate.29. 【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】Kataria also offer books and DVDs to people _dont have access to a local Laughter Club.30. 【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】H
43、is breakout video, _ his process of painting Qi tian Dasheng (Monkey King) is shown，has won more than 408,000. likes，making him popular on the platform.31. 【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】There they met people from other parts of the country, _had also volunteered to help.32. 【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】The University of
44、 Virginia researchers _ ran the study followed 169 subjects aged 15 to 25 every year for a decade.33. 【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】He became interested in two theories _ possibly explained how cholera killed people.34. 【河北省2021届高三模拟】The most famous of these is the Great Red Spot, _ is so big that Earth coul
45、d fit inside it.35. 【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】While flying through the wind, it produced sound like the music produced by gu zheng, _ is a traditional Chinese musical instrument.36. 【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】The valley including a museum claims to be the only place _ visitors can safely observe wild Asian elepha
46、nts.参考答案1. 【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：31岁的孙女盖尔帕克斯与艾琳一起在家族生意工作。她说，谁提名艾琳获得这一奖项，目前还不得而知。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Gayle Parks”，为人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。2. 【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词doctor，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故用关系代词who。故填who。3. 【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：月牙泉吸引了海内外游客，成为游客的浪漫天堂。分析句子可知，空白处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句，
47、修饰先行词The Crescent Spring，在从句中作beauty的定语，指“月牙泉的美”，所以用关系代词whose，故填whose。4. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：得益于京雄城际铁路，乘客现在可以在50分钟内从北京市中心到达雄安新区，该铁路于周日正式投入使用，这是促进京津冀城市群发展的重要一步。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Beijing-Xiong Intercity Railway，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。5. 【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是players，指人，