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1、 深圳市高级中学（集团）2021-2022学年第一学期期末测试 高二英语 命题人：杨佳奇 侯婷婷 唐甜 审题人：陈天风注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。3回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。 第 I 卷（共105分）第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 和 D
2、 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 AWhat is PayQwiq ? PayQwiq is a fast and secure payment service - that helps you go quickly through the Tesco checkout. It lets you ( add your credit or debit card details to the app. so you can use your smart phone to pay for your shopping with just one scan. Not only that but it coll
3、ects your Clubcard points automatically. This means you can now go wallet-free in all UK Tesco stores. So why not give it a go ? It only takes a moment to download and you will receive these benefits . Collect your Clubcard points automatically Pay for your weekly shop up to 250 Use PayQwig offline,
4、 even with no signal Track your spending in Tesco Sign up to PayQwiq and collect 100 extra Clubcard points for each week you pay with the app, for up to 5 weeks - that s up to 500 extra points . Available to new customers who sign up by 3 September 2020 and make al payment by 31 October 2020. One of
5、fer per customer . Only one qualifying deal per week will collect the extra points . Additional payments in the same week will not receive extra points . Clubcard points will be added to a future Clubcard statement .How does it work ? Head to the App Store or Google Play to download the PayQwiq app
6、. As soon as youve added your card details , youll be ready to shop using just your phone. And there s no need to worry about your bank details being stored on your phone they re all securely protected in our data centers . So not only is it quicker and easier, it s safer too .1. If customers use Pa
7、yQwiq in UK Tesco stores , they can - A . get Clubcard points automatically . B. obtain extra points in the same week . C. pay for their weekly shop without limit. D. win credit card points unconditionally .2. From the passage we can learn that A . users cannot pay without signal . B . users must si
8、gn up by 3 September 2020. C . PayQwiq can guarantee convenience and safety . D . PayQwiq can be downloaded only from Google Play 3. What is the purpose of the passage ? A . To stress the importance of PayQwiq. B . To show the progress of PayQwiq . C. To introduce the function of PayQwig. D . To pop
9、ularize the use of PayQwiq . B Theres something so wonderfully easy about reading this column in a physical newspaper. You turned the page , and here it is , with few annoyances or distractions , in an ultra-high-definition(超高清的) typeface which was custom-designed with pleasurable reading in mind. O
10、r-wait-are you reading this on a phone? Did you follow a link from Twitter or Facebook? Or maybe your on a train, or a plane, or youre trying to use your laptop on your cousins crappy Wi-Fi connection out in the countryside somewhere . In which case , there s a pretty good chance that even getting t
11、his far is some kind of minor miracle. When talking about the economics of online publishing , the first thing to remember is that job No .1 isn t to get the news to you. Rather, it is to monetise you, by selling you of , in real time, to the highest bidder. This happens every time you click on a li
12、nk , before the page has even started to load on your phone. Once upon a time, if you and I both visited the same web page at the same time using the same web browser, we would end up seeing the same thing. Today, however, an almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts and cookies and auctions
13、and often astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of brand messages and sales pitches which are tailored almost uniquely to you. That ecosystem raises important questions about privacy and just general creepiness- the way that the minute you look at a pair of shoes online, for i
14、nstance, they then start following you around every other website you visit for weeks. But whether or not you value your privacy, you are damaged, daily, by the sheer weight of all that technology. Online ads have never got less annoying over time , and you can be sure that mobile ads are going to g
15、et more annoying as well , once Silicon Valley has worked out how to better identify who you are . The move to greater privacy protections might help slow the pace with which such technologies are adopted. But theres no realistic hope that websites will actually improve from here . If you want to av
16、oid the dreadful experience of the mobile web, youll only have one choice-which is to start reading your articles natively , In the Facebook or Apple News app. But it wont be Facebook and Apple who killed the news brands. Itll be ad tech .14. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph ? A . To
17、introduce various reading styles . B . To lead to the topic to be talked about . C . To show the strengths of physical newspapers . D . To compare physical newspapers with electronic reading.5. Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence ? A . The reader is tak
18、en advantage of. B. The readers demand is satisfied . C. The reader s interest is motivated . D . The reader is cheated by the news .6. What is the authors attitude towards the economics of online publishing ? A . Critical B . Neutral . C . Supportive D . Ambiguous .7. What could be learned from the
19、 last paragraph ? A . Silicon Valley is as famous as Facebook . B . Online ads have become less troublesome . C . Ad tech is a good solution to privacy protection . D . It is tough to be rid of the annoyances brought about by ads . C According to a new study, teens focus on rewards and have a hard t
20、ime learning to avoid punishment or consider the consequences of alternative actions . University College London researchers compared how teens and adults learn to make choices based on the available information. They tracked the way in which 18 volunteers aged 12-17 and 20 volunteers aged 18-32 com
21、pleted tasks in which they had to choose between abstract symbols . Each symbol was consistently associated with a fixed chance of a reward, punishment, or no outcome. As the trial progressed, participants learned which symbols were likely to lead to each outcome and adjusted their choices according
22、ly. Teens and adults were equally good at learning to choose symbols associated with reward , but teens were less good at avoiding symbols associated with punishment. Adults also performed significantly better when they were told what would have happened if they had chosen the other symbol after eac
23、h choice , while teens did not appear to take this information into account . From this experimental lab study we can draw conclusions about learning during the teen years . We find that teens and adults learn in different ways , something that might be relevant to education,” said lead author Dr. S
24、tefano Palminteri. Unlike adults, teens are not so good at learning to adjust their choices to avoid punishment. This suggests that incentive systems (奖励机制)based on reward rather than punishment may be more effective for this age group. Additionally, we found that teens did not learn from being show
25、n what would have happened if they made alternative choices .” To interpret the results , the researchers developed computational models of learning and ran simulations(模拟) applying them to the results of the study. The first was a simple model, one that learned from rewards , and the second model a
26、dded to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen . The third model was the most complete and took the full context into account , with equal weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking . For example, obtaining no outcome rather than losing a point is weighted equally to
27、gaining a point rather than having n outcome . Comparing the experimental data to the models , the team found that teens behavior followed the simple reward - based model while adults behavior matched the complete , contextual model . Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than
28、they are to punishments of equal value ,” said senior author Dr. Sarah - Jayne Blakemore . As a result, it may be useful for parents and teachers to frame things in more positive terms .”8. It can be learned from the study that A . adults made choices faster than teens B. adults understood rewards b
29、etter than teens C . teens reacted better to reward than punishment D . teens were aware of the outcome of each choice . 9. What do we know about the three computational models ? A. They reflected peoples strong desire for punishment avoidance . B . They gave circumstances different degrees of consi
30、deration C . They paid equal attention to reward and punishment . D . They shaped the behavior of people at different ages .10. The underlined word receptive” in the last paragraph probably means . A . accustomed B . opposed C . sympathetic D . responsive 11. According to the writer , which of the f
31、ollowing statements works best for teens ? A . If you insist on doing things in this way , you will lose ten points . B . If we had talked about this earlier , you wouldnt have made the mistake . C . “If you hand in your assignment ahead of time , you will get an extra bonus.” D . If you want to app
32、roach a problem differently , you can talk to your parents . D Currently, its the beginning of the rainy season in the heart of Brunei(文莱), and I have never been so sweaty. Last night I was poking at insects larger than Id ever seen or even, in my worst nightmares, imagined existed, but despite this
33、, Im still having the time of my life. Im on a taxonomy(生物分类学）expedition at the Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre in the Kingdom of Brunei Darussalam with a small group of entomologists(昆虫学家), biotech researchers and laypeople(门外汉)like me. We are searching for new species in the rainforest under t
34、he guidance of a research organization. Taxon Expeditions is one of a new crop of private organizations that is tapping into the pockets of people who are science - curious but not science - trained . We help to fund this research , and we get to participate in it . I cant emphasise how remarkable t
35、his is . I spent a lot of time as a child dozing in my Snoopy sleeping bag under the table in my mothers lab as she worked on her Ph.D. in development genetics. Sequencing DNA in the 1980s wasnt something that a person just did in a few hours, and it certainly wasnt done using a device that fitted i
36、n the palm of ones hand. And the result wasnt then immediately cross-referenced with an offline version of an online public database of more than 5.3 million “ DNA barcodes ” to see if the organism being sequenced is a newly discovered species . And the craziest thing about all of this is that the s
37、equencer(序列分析仪)costs less than 1,000 from a company based in Oxford. I would recommend pairing up with an actual gene biotech expert and a real entomologist to make sense of the data, but the implications for the future of access to hands-on science are astonishing. Mark my words: we are less than a
38、 generation away from an army of layperson bioprospectors (生物勘探员) working the field using a little bit of scientific training and a lot of YouTube online knowledge. But if a trip to the rainforest with an organization like Taxon is out of the question , then you can still do research as close as you
39、r back garden. The same group that took me to the rainforest went to the Vondel-park in the centre of Amsterdam and identified a new wasp that had never been recorded by science. And yes, the sequencer-while less expensive than a high-end smart-phone - does require a little more training than a touc
40、hscreen. But this kind of science is rapidly trickling down to the rest of us, so getting any science kit or apps in the hands of your kids or grand-kids this holiday season is an investment. Because theres noting like discovery to fuel the future .12. What can we lean about the writer of the passag
41、e ? A . The writer is a biotech researcher . B . The writer is interested in science despite not being an expert . C. The writer had spent a lot of money participating in the expedition . D . The writer is a staff member at the Kuala Belalong Field Studies Center .13. The underlined phrase “ tapping
42、 into the pockets of people ” probably means “ A . trying to make money from people . B . attempting to arouse people s interest C . trying to develop the potential of people D . attempting to boost people s knowledge 14. Why does the writer say that the implications for the future of access to hand
43、s-on science are astonishing ? A . Because teaming up with real experts to work on a project is by no means easy . B . Because scientific devices like sequencers are affordable for the average person . C. Because the assistance of non-professional bio prospectors aiding in scientific research is les
44、s than a generation away. D. Because affordable devices, basic scientific training , and online knowledge make it possible for the average person to conduct useful research . 15. We can infer from the passage that A. scientific research is still restricted to some trained experts B . devices like se
45、quencers are easier to operate than smart - phone C . one doesn t need to be scientifically trained to take part in valuable research D . doing research in one s own garden can help promote the development of science 第二节七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Excellence is
46、 a form of currency(通货). While a commitment to excellence can help you gain true wealth and realize the inbuilt value of your potential, a lack of commitment devalues potential and reputation . If you choose to become the person you were meant to be on the day you were born , do whatever you do with
47、 all your might. 16 . If you accept being average and ordinary , life will make you average and ordinary. 17 . But it has everything to do with decision, commitment and action . And excellence is a destination for anyone who appreciates, respects, and demonstrates hard work and good judgment ! We all have a range of career choices and opportunities. But we expand the range and quality of our choices when we practice excellence. 18 .So attempt to make every opportunity one of importance because every