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1、深圳市高级中学（集团）2021-2022 学年第一学期期末测试高二英语命题人：杨佳奇侯婷婷唐甜审题人：陈天风注意事项：1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号。2回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。3回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。第 I 卷（共 105 分）第一部分阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）第一节阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D
2、 四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhat is PayQwiq?PayQwiq is a fast and secure payment service-that helps you go quicklythrough the Tesco checkout.It lets you(add your credit or debit card details to theapp.so you can use your smart phone to pay for your shopping with just one scan.Not only that but it collects your Cl
3、ubcard points automatically.This means youcan now go wallet-free in all UK Tesco stores.So why not give it a go?It onlytakes a moment to download and you will receive these benefits.Collect your Clubcard points automaticallyPay for your weekly shop up to 250Use PayQwig offline,even with no signalTra
4、ck your spending in TescoSign up to PayQwiq and collect 100 extra Clubcard points for each week youpay with the app,for up to 5 weeks-that s up to 500 extra points.Available to new customers who sign up by 3 September 2020 and make alpayment by 31 October 2020.One offer per customer.Only one qualify
5、ing dealper week will collect the extra points.Additional payments in the same week willnot receive extra points.Clubcard points will be added to a future Clubcardstatement.How does it work?Head to the App Store or Google Play to download the PayQwiq app.As soon as youve added your card details,youl
6、l be ready to shop using justyour phone.And there s no need to worry about your bank details being stored on yourphone they re all securely protected in our data centers.So not only is it quickerand easier,it s safer too.1.If customers use PayQwiq in UK Tesco stores,they can-A.get Clubcard points au
7、tomatically.B.obtain extra points in the sameweek.C.pay for their weekly shop without limit.D.win credit card pointsunconditionally.2.From the passage we can learn thatA.users cannot pay without signal.B.users must sign up by 3 September 2020.C.PayQwiq can guarantee convenience and safety.D.PayQwiq
8、can be downloaded only from Google Play3.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To stress the importance of PayQwiq.B.To show the progress ofPayQwiq.C.To introduce the function of PayQwig.D.To popularize the use ofPayQwiq.BTheres something so wonderfully easy about reading this column in aphysical new
9、spaper.You turned the page,and here it is,with few annoyances ordistractions,in an ultra-high-definition(超 高 清 的)typeface which wascustom-designed with pleasurable reading in mind.Or-wait-are you reading thison a phone?Did you follow a link from Twitter or Facebook?Or maybe your on atrain,or a plane
10、,or youre trying to use your laptop on your cousins crappy Wi-Ficonnection out in the countryside somewhere.In which case,there s a prettygood chance that even getting this far is some kind of minor miracle.When talking about the economics of online publishing,the first thing toremember is that job
11、No.1 isn t to get the news to you.Rather,it is to monetiseyou,by selling you of,in real time,to the highest bidder.This happens every timeyou click on a link,before the page has even started to load on your phone.Onceupon a time,if you and I both visited the same web page at the same time usingthe s
12、ame web browser,we would end up seeing the same thing.Today,however,an almost unthinkably enormous ecosystem of scripts and cookies and auctionsand often astonishingly personal information is used to show you a set of brandmessages and sales pitches which are tailored almost uniquely to you.That eco
13、system raises important questions about privacy and just generalcreepiness-the way that the minute you look at a pair of shoes online,forinstance,they then start following you around every other website you visit forweeks.But whether or not you value your privacy,you are damaged,daily,by thesheer we
14、ight of all that technology.Online ads have never got less annoying over time,and you can be sure thatmobile ads are going to get more annoying as well,once Silicon Valley hasworked out how to better identify who you are.The move to greater privacyprotections might help slow the pace with which such
15、 technologies are adopted.But theres no realistic hope that websites will actually improve from here.If youwant to avoid the dreadful experience of the mobile web,youll only have onechoice-which is to start reading your articles natively,In the Facebook or AppleNews app.But it wont be Facebook and A
16、pple who killed the news brands.Itll bead tech.14.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?A.To introduce various reading styles.B.To lead to the topic to be talked about.C.To show the strengths of physical newspapers.D.To compare physical newspapers with electronic reading.5.Which of the fol
17、lowing statements is closest in meaning to the underlinedsentence?A.The reader is taken advantage of.B.The readers demand issatisfied.C.The reader s interest is motivated.D.The reader is cheated by thenews.6.What is the authors attitude towards the economics of online publishing?A.CriticalB.Neutral.
18、C.SupportiveD.Ambiguous.7.What could be learned from the last paragraph?A.Silicon Valley is as famous as Facebook.B.Online ads have become less troublesome.C.Ad tech is a good solution to privacy protection.D.It is tough to be rid of the annoyances brought about by ads.CAccording to a new study,teen
19、s focus on rewards and have a hard timelearning to avoid punishment or consider the consequences of alternative actions.University College London researchers compared how teens and adults learnto make choices based on the available information.They tracked the way inwhich 18 volunteers aged 12-17 an
20、d 20 volunteers aged 18-32 completed tasks inwhich they had to choose between abstract symbols.Each symbol was consistently associated with a fixed chance of a reward,punishment,or no outcome.As the trial progressed,participants learned whichsymbols were likely to lead to each outcome and adjusted t
21、heir choicesaccordingly.Teens and adults were equally good at learning to choose symbolsassociated with reward,but teens were less good at avoiding symbols associatedwith punishment.Adults also performed significantly better when they were toldwhat would have happened if they had chosen the other sy
22、mbol after eachchoice,while teens did not appear to take this information into account.From this experimental lab study we can draw conclusions about learningduring the teen years.We find that teens and adults learn in different ways,something that might be relevant to education,”said lead author Dr
23、.StefanoPalminteri.Unlike adults,teens are not so good at learning to adjust their choicesto avoid punishment.This suggests that incentive systems(奖励机制)based onreward rather than punishment may be more effective for this age group.Additionally,we found that teens did not learn from being shown what
24、would havehappened if they made alternative choices.”To interpret the results,the researchers developed computational models oflearning and ran simulations(模拟)applying them to the results of the study.Thefirst was a simple model,one that learned from rewards,and the second modeladded to this by also
25、 learning from the option that was not chosen.The thirdmodel was the most complete and took the full context into account,with equalweight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking.For example,obtaining no outcome rather than losing a point is weighted equally to gaining apoint rather than ha
26、ving n outcome.Comparing the experimental data to the models,the team found that teensbehavior followed the simple reward-based model while adults behaviormatched the complete,contextual model.Our study suggests that teens aremore receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value,”sai
27、dsenior author Dr.Sarah-Jayne Blakemore.As a result,it may be useful forparents and teachers to frame things in more positive terms.”8.It can be learned from the study thatA.adults made choices faster than teensB.adults understood rewards better than teensC.teens reacted better to reward than punish
28、mentD.teens were aware of the outcome of each choice.9.What do we know about the three computational models?A.They reflected peoples strong desire for punishment avoidance.B.They gave circumstances different degrees of considerationC.They paid equal attention to reward and punishment.D.They shaped t
29、he behavior of people at different ages.10.The underlined word receptive”in the last paragraph probably means.A.accustomedB.opposedC.sympatheticD.responsive11.According to the writer,which of the following statements works best forteens?A.If you insist on doing things in this way,you will lose ten p
30、oints.B.If we had talked about this earlier,you wouldnt have made the mistake.C.“If you hand in your assignment ahead of time,you will get an extra bonus.”D.If you want to approach a problem differently,you can talk to yourparents.DCurrently,its the beginning of the rainy season in the heart of Brun
31、ei(文莱),and I have never been so sweaty.Last night I was poking at insects larger than Idever seen or even,in my worst nightmares,imagined existed,but despite this,Imstill having the time of my life.Im on a taxonomy(生物分类学）expedition at the Kuala Belalong FieldStudies Centre in the Kingdom of Brunei D
32、arussalam with a small group ofentomologists(昆虫学家),biotech researchers and laypeople(门外汉)like me.Weare searching for new species in the rainforest under the guidance of a researchorganization.Taxon Expeditions is one of a new crop of private organizations thatis tapping into the pockets of people wh
33、o are science-curious but not science-trained.We help to fund this research,and we get to participate in it.I cant emphasise how remarkable this is.I spent a lot of time as a child dozingin my Snoopy sleeping bag under the table in my mothers lab as she worked onher Ph.D.in development genetics.Sequ
34、encing DNA in the 1980s wasntsomething that a person just did in a few hours,and it certainly wasnt done usinga device that fitted in the palm of ones hand.And the result wasnt thenimmediately cross-referenced with an offline version of an online public databaseof more than 5.3 million“DNA barcodes”
35、to see if the organism being sequencedis a newly discovered species.And the craziest thing about all of this is that the sequencer(序列分析仪)costsless than 1,000 from a company based in Oxford.I would recommend pairing upwith an actual gene biotech expert and a real entomologist to make sense of thedata
36、,but the implications for the future of access to hands-on science areastonishing.Mark my words:we are less than a generation away from an army oflayperson bioprospectors(生 物 勘 探 员)working the field using a little bit ofscientific training and a lot of YouTube online knowledge.But if a trip to the r
37、ainforest with an organization like Taxon is out of thequestion,then you can still do research as close as your back garden.The samegroup that took me to the rainforest went to the Vondel-park in the centre ofAmsterdam and identified a new wasp that had never been recorded by science.And yes,the seq
38、uencer-while less expensive than a high-end smart-phone-doesrequire a little more training than a touchscreen.But this kind of science is rapidlytrickling down to the rest of us,so getting any science kit or apps in the hands ofyour kids or grand-kids this holiday season is an investment.Because the
39、resnoting like discovery to fuel the future.12.What can we lean about the writer of the passage?A.The writer is a biotech researcher.B.The writer is interested in science despite not being an expert.C.The writer had spent a lot of money participating in the expedition.D.The writer is a staff member
40、at the Kuala Belalong Field Studies Center.13.The underlined phrase“tapping into the pockets of people”probably means“A.trying to make money from people.B.attempting to arouse people s interestC.trying to develop the potential of peopleD.attempting to boost people s knowledge14.Why does the writer s
41、ay that the implications for the future of access tohands-on science are astonishing?A.Because teaming up with real experts to work on a project is by no meanseasy.B.Because scientific devices like sequencers are affordable for the averageperson.C.Because the assistance of non-professional bio prosp
42、ectors aiding inscientific research is less than a generation away.D.Because affordable devices,basic scientific training,and online knowledgemake itpossible for the average person to conduct useful research.15.We can infer from the passage thatA.scientific research is still restricted to some train
43、ed expertsB.devices like sequencers are easier to operate than smart-phoneC.one doesn t need to be scientifically trained to take part in valuableresearchD.doing research in one s own garden can help promote the development ofscience第二节七选五（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有
44、两项为多余选项。Excellence is a form of currency(通货).While a commitment to excellencecan help you gain true wealth and realize the inbuilt value of your potential,a lackof commitment devalues potential and reputation.If you choose to become the person you were meant to be on the day youwere born,do whatever
45、 you do with all your might.16.If youaccept being average and ordinary,life will make you average and ordinary.17.But it has everything to do with decision,commitment andaction.And excellence is a destination for anyone who appreciates,respects,anddemonstrates hard work and good judgment!We all have
46、 a range of career choices and opportunities.But we expand therange and quality of our choices when we practice excellence.18.So attemptto make every opportunity one of importance because every opportunity counts.What is considered excellent today will become the minimum cost ofadmission tomorrow.19
47、.Obviously the bar is constantly being raised.Ifyou dont produce excellent results consistently,someone else will.There is no mercy period for averageness,and you must have a zero tolerancepolicy for it.People expect the best.20.So never relax the rules ofexcellence.When you come to terms with quali
48、ty,you suffer physical andemotional withdrawal from your goals.You should have the belief that theefficiencies of your business and life are infinite,that everything can be improvedupon,that every project can be completed in an excellent fashion.Why?Because when it comes to excellence,everything cou
49、nts!A.However,being average is also a choice.B.Youre only as good as your last performance.C.It creates confidence and enhances peace of mind.D.And we reduce them when we accept being average.E.If they can t get it from you,theyll find it elsewhere.F.You will never live longer than its importance an
50、d usefulness.G.Being world-class has nothing to do with size,education,or bloodline.第二部分完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Each day,10-year-old Seth asked his mom for more and more lunch money.Yet he seemed 21than ever and came home from school hungry.It22th