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1、人教版（人教版（2019）选择性必修三）选择性必修三Unit 2 Healthy LifestyleReading and ThinkingLearn to develop good health habits Learning objectivesBy the end of this section,you will be able to:1.learn about the habit cycle and its three stages;2.practice reading a text to find out the main idea of each paragraph;3.pract
2、ice reading a text for detailed information;4.learn about the structure of an exposition;5.master some important words and phrases;6.use knowledge from the text to break bad habits.本单元的引言出自古罗马诗人维吉尔。他认为，身体的健康和心灵的安乐对人类的福祉至关重要。财富不仅仅指物质上的富足，还包括一切有价值的东西。失去了健康，再多的物质财富也无法弥补。所以，健康是一个人最重要的财富。The greatest wea
3、lth is health.Virgil健康是最重要的财富。健康是最重要的财富。维吉尔维吉尔Lead-inLook and discuss:1.How do you think the people feel in the photos?2.Do you think they are all leading a healthy lifestyle?Why or why not?I think they are leading a healthy lifestyle because they are not by themselves and are outside and doing exer
4、cise as well as creative activities.I think these people feel happy and healthy,as they look active and cheerful.1.Are bad habits easy to change?Why or why not?2.What habits do you think are unhealthy?3.What can you do to correct these bad habits?Unhealthy habits include smoking,eating too much,play
5、ing too much on your computer or phone,and not doing enough exercise.Bad habits are hard to change because we are usually doing something we really like,but we are doing it too much.I think people can correct these bad habits by thinking about them more and deciding they will feel better and happier
6、 if they stop them.Pre-readingBefore you read,discuss these questions in groups.While-readingRead the title and skim the text.Answer the following questions.1.What is the text type?3.Whos the intended reader?2.Why did the writer write this text?A.Narration B.Exposition C.ArgumentationTo explain a te
7、enage problem and suggest possible solutions.Or to be exact,to introduce how habits are formed and how to change bad habits and create new ones.The intended readers are young people,especially teenagers.Read the text quickly.Figure out the topic sentence and main idea of each paragraph.Para.1:As tee
8、nagers grow up,they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However,during this period,it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits,if left unchecked,could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.For example,some of them may become involved in to
9、bacco or alcohol abuse,which can lead to physical and mental health problems.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenagers life is essential.They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.Main idea:Why bad teenage habits should be changed.Find the main
10、idea of a paragraphThe main idea is sometimes stated in either the opening or closing sentence.If not,look for another“standout”sentence,or summarise the paragraph in your mind by asking yourself,“What is it mainly about?”Para.2:To change bad habits is never easy,even with many attempts.There is a f
11、amous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle:“We are what we repeatedly do.”In many ways,our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made.We make a choice to do something,and then we repeat it over and over again.Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change
12、.The good news is that we can change,if we understand how habits work.Main idea:What a habit is.Para.3:According to modern psychology,we must first learn about the“habit cycle”,which works like this:Firstly,there is a“cue”,an action,event,or situation that acts as a signal to do something.Secondly,t
13、here is a“routine”,the regular action you take in response to the cue.Thirdly,there is the“reward”,the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.For example,when we feel unhappy(cue),we eat lots of unhealthy snacks(routine),which makes us feel happy(reward).The reward makes us much more likely t
14、o continue the cycle,and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.Main idea:The cycle of how habits are formed.Para.4:To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits,we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by combining the information from
15、 our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.For example,we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive.So,when we feel unhappy again(cue),rather than eat snacks,we could listen to some of our favourite music instead(routine),which will make us feel relaxed(reward).Aside fr
16、om changing bad habits,we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.For example,when we come to an escalator(cue),our normal routine is to ride it,but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.Main idea:How to change a bad habit and create good o
17、nes.Para.5:Many of us try to change bad habits quickly,and if we are not successful straight away,we often become pessimistic and give up.In fact,the most successful way to change is not suddenly,but over a period of time.As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote,“A journey of a thousand miles begins w
18、ith a single step.”One step seems small,but it is essential.To reach the goal of change,a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.After all,it is not easy to break bad habits.Main idea:Change habits gradually.Para.6:For young people,there is plenty of time to change bad
19、 habits.However,there is no“magic pill”or delete button that will help you;you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!Main idea:No easy way to change bad habits.A.How to change a bad habit and create goo
20、d ones B.The cycle of how habits are formedC.Habits that can help us study betterD.Changing habits graduallyE.No easy way to change bad habits F.What a habit isG.Why bad teenage habits should be changedRead the text and find out what main ideas are included in it.Tick the correct ones.Para.1:Why bad
21、 teenage habits should be changed.Para.2:What a habit is.Para.3:The cycle of how habits are formed.Para.4:How to change a bad habit and create good ones.Para.5:Change habits gradually.Para.6:No easy way to change bad habits.Read to understand the structure of the text.Find out the problemAnalyze the
22、 problemSolve the problemConclusionPart 1(Para.1)Part 2(Paras.2-5)Part 3(Para.6)Why bad teenage habits should be changedWhat a habit is and how to change bad habitsNo easy way to change bad habitsRead the text again and answer the questions.Post-reading1.How can a choice lead to a habit?3.What shoul
23、d we do to change a bad habit?2.What are the three stages of the habit cycle?A choice can lead to a habit if we make the same choice over and over again.The three stages of the habit cycle arethe cue,routine,and reward.To change a bad habit,we should examine our habit cycles and then try to adapt th
24、em.THE HABITTHE HABIT CYCLE CYCLECUEREWARDROUTINE4.How can a person use discipline to help change a bad habit?5.Will you use the habit cycle to break your bad habits?Why or why not?A person can use discipline to change a bad habit by taking many small steps to reach the goal of change.I will use the
25、 habit cycle to break a bad habit of using my phone too much because I want to spend more time reading books and playing sports.Work in groups.Complete the tasks.1.Think of one bad habit and write down the cue,routine,and reward.Then come up with an idea of how to break the bad habit.2.Do you know a
26、ny alternative ways to better habits?Discuss with your partner which way you think is most effective.Cue:Boredom/Waiting/Being anxious Routine:Biting nailsReward:Stress relief/DistractionBreak the habit:Chew gum,get a stress ball or fidget spinner to hold,wear gloves or stickers on your nailsAlterna
27、tive ways to better habits:Tell someone else what you want to change.Peer pressure from someone else will help.Fine yourself.Every time you do the bad habit,put a small amount of money in a box.Make it harder to do the habit.For example,hide your favourite apps on your phone so it is more of a hassl
28、e to get to them.Change your environment.If the habit happens in certain places or with certain people,avoid them!Words and Expressions For example,some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse,which can lead to physical and mental health problems.(P14)例如，一些青少年可能吸烟成瘾或酗酒，造成身心健康问题。abuse
29、 /bjus/n.滥用；虐待；辱骂滥用；虐待；辱骂 /bjuz/vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂滥用；虐待；辱骂搭配搭配搭配搭配alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒；嗜毒 child abuse 虐待儿童 例句例句例句例句Abuse can lead to both psychological and emotional problems.虐待可造成心理和情绪上的问题。She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends.她滥用自己作为校长的职权，把工作安排给朋友们。1 To prevent harmful habit
30、s like these from dominating a teenagers life is essential.(P14)防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。dominate /dmnet/vt.&vi.支配；控制；占有优势支配；控制；占有优势拓展拓展拓展拓展 dominant adj.强大的，有优势的，突出的 domination n.统治；控制 例句例句例句例句The book is expected to dominate the best-seller lists.这本书预计会占据畅销书排行榜的榜首。He tended to dominate the conversat
31、ion.他往往左右着交谈的内容。2 According to modern psychology,we must first learn about the“habit cycle”,which works like this:.(P14)根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，其工作原理如下：psychology /sakldi/n.心理学；心理；心理影响心理学；心理；心理影响搭配搭配搭配搭配educational/social psychology 教育心理学/社会心理学拓展拓展拓展拓展 psychological adj.心理的，精神的 psychologist n.心理学家 例句
32、例句例句例句Psychology is by definition the scientific study of the mind.心理学，顾名思义，是研究人们心理的科学。3 Secondly,there is a“routine”,the regular action you take in response to the cue.(P14)第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。in response to 回答；答复回答；答复（其中to为介词，其后接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语）例句例句例句例句She opened the door in response to th
33、e knock at the door.她听到敲门声，打开了门。The product was developed in response to customer demand.这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。4 Thirdly,there is the“reward”,the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.(P14)第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。reward /rwd/n.回报；奖励；报酬回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬奖励；奖赏；给以报酬搭配搭配搭配搭配reward sb with s
34、th 用某物奖励某人reward sb for(doing)sth 因（做）某事而奖赏/酬谢某人拓展拓展拓展拓展 rewarding adj.值得做的，有益的，有意义的 例句例句例句例句You deserve a reward for being so helpful.你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.她因自己所做的努力而得到了一笔奖金。5 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle,and the bad habit o
35、f relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.(P15)这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良 习惯。rely /rla/vi.依赖；依靠；信赖依赖；依靠；信赖rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖依赖；依靠；信赖搭配搭配搭配搭配rely on sb/sth to do sth 指望某人/某物做某事 例句例句例句例句Many students now rely on the Internet for information.很多学生现在靠因特网获取信息。It would be better to rely on ourselves th
36、an on others.与其求人，不如求己。6 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits,we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.(P15)为了促进我们不良习惯的积极改变，我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯循环，然后尝试去改变它们。facilitate /fsltet/vt.促进；促使；使便利促进；促使；使便利拓展拓展拓展拓展 facilitation n.促进；便利 例句例句例句例句The new airport will facilit
37、ate the development of tourism.新机场将促进旅游业的发展。Modern inventions facilitate housework.许多现代发明使家务劳动变得便利了。7 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits,we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.(P15)为了促进我们不良习惯的积极改变，我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯循环，然后尝试去改变它们。examine /zmn/vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验（
38、仔细）检查；审查；测验搭配搭配搭配搭配examine sth for sth 检查某物以寻找（毛病、错误等）examine sb in/on sth 在某方面对某人进行测试拓展拓展拓展拓展 examination n.考试（=exam）；审查，检查 例句例句例句例句We examine the wording in detail before deciding on the final text.我们彻底仔细地检查了措辞后才最终定稿。8 For example,we could try to replace a negative routine with something more posi
39、tive.(P15)例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。negative /netv/adj.消极的；有害的；否定的消极的；有害的；否定的搭配搭配搭配搭配negative answer/reply/response 消极的回答/回应 例句例句例句例句The crisis had a negative effect on trade.这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory.科学家对这个理论的态度是相当消极的。9 Many of us try to change ba
40、d habits quickly,and if we are not successful straight away,we often become pessimistic and give up.(P15)我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。straight away 立即；马上立即；马上拓展拓展拓展拓展 straight off 立即；马上 例句例句例句例句He always tackles problems straight away.Hes not the kind of person to let the grass grow under
41、 his feet.他不是那种懒散的人，总是一有问题就马上处理。10 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly,and if we are not successful straight away,we often become pessimistic and give up.(P15)我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。pessimistic /pesmstk/adj.悲观的；悲观主义的悲观的；悲观主义的搭配搭配搭配搭配be pessimistic about.对悲观拓展拓展拓展拓展 pessimism
42、 n.悲观；悲观主义 pessimist n.悲观主义者 例句例句例句例句People tend to become pessimistic and lose confidence in adverse circumstances.在逆境之中，人容易变得悲观，失去信心。11 To reach the goal of change,a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.(P15)为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地迈出许 多小步。discipline /dspln/
43、n.自制力；纪律；学科自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚自我控制；管教；处罚 搭配搭配搭配搭配discipline yourself(to do sth)严格要求自己，约束自己（去做某事）拓展拓展拓展拓展 disciplined adj.遵守纪律的 例句例句例句例句 Learning success depends on mental discipline and persistence.学习上的成功取决于心智训练和坚持。12Grammar To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenagers life i
44、s essential.(P14)防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。However,during this period,it can be easy for some teenagers to form bad habits.(P14)然而，在这一时期，一些青少年容易养成不良习惯。*这两个结构都是不定式（短语）作主语，这是本课的语法重点。这两个结构都是不定式（短语）作主语，这是本课的语法重点。辨析辨析辨析辨析(1)用作主语的动词不定式及其短语常出现在谓语动词之后，这时需在句首用形式主语it指代。例如：It was easy to imagine the danger ahead
45、of them.很容易想象他们面前的危险。(2)不定式作主语位于句首常出现于正式文体中。例如：To help others gives a person satisfaction.帮助他人会给人以满足感。To hesitate means failure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。1 There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle:“We are what we repeatedly do.”(P14)有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言：“我们反复做的事情造就了我们。”*在在此此处处，what we repeatedly do是
46、是表表语语从从句句。what引引导导的的名名词词性性从从句句有有三三种种：主主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。例句例句例句例句What we need most is time.我们最需要的就是时间。I believe what he said.我相信他说的话。That is what I need.那就是我所需要的东西。2 As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote,“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”(P15)正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。
47、”*as在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。例句例句例句例句As is known to all,smoking is harmful to ones health.众所周知，吸烟有害身体健康。As is often the case,my mother has the final say in the project.像往常一样，我母亲对这个项目有最终决定权。3Review what you have learnt in this class.Use the habit cycle to change some of your bad habits or help others to change theirs.