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1、专题07 名词性从句和定语从句(解析版)全国各地历年高考真题全收录一、 2023年高考真题1. 2023新高考全国卷This is _42_ they need an English trainer. 【答案】why 【解析】考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。2. 2023全国甲卷.the form of the fable still has values today, _43_ Rachel
2、 Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如雷切尔卡森在明日寓言中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导。故填as。3. 2023全国甲卷 “There was once a town in the heart of America, _44_ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,”.【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小
3、镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town,在非限定性定语从句作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。4. 2023全国乙卷But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _43_ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.【答案】 which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建
4、筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为“a place”,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。5. 2023年2月四省联考 “A school-home is exactly _40_ it sounds like.【答案】what【解析】考查表语从句。句意:一所“学校之家”就是它听起来的样子。分析句子可知,空处引导表语从句,从句like是介词,缺少宾语,指物,用从属连词what引导表语从句,故填what。二、 2022年高考真题1(2022新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended to provide s
5、tronger protection for all the species _ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故
6、填that。2(2022全国甲卷)On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语,应用
7、关系代词who引导。故填who。3(2022年浙江1月)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics _ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 【答案】that/who【解析】考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在
8、削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词替代,故填that/who。4.(2022新高考II卷)“I dont know _ to thank him.”【答案】how【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。5.(2022年浙江1月)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak _ she could
9、do so remotely.【答案】if/whether【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合语境,故填whether或if。三、 2021年高考真题1.(2021.6新高考1卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song The Long and Winding Road.1is so breathtaking about the experience is the ou
10、t-of-this-world scenes. 【答案】what【解析】1: 考查名词性从句。分析题目,空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知,_is so breathing about the experience 作 is 的主语,为主语从句。从句中缺少主语,指代事情;且空格位于句首。故填What。2.(2021.3 天津卷)What puzzles Lilys friends isshe always has so many crazy ideas.A. whether B. why C. what D. when【答案】B【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意:令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为
11、什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否;B.why为什么;C. what什么; D.when什么时间,当的时候。分析成分结构句子,该空需要一个表语从句的连接词。再结合句意可知,应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选:B。3.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool2gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 【答案】that 或 which【解析】考查关系
12、代词。句意:BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分析句子结构可知gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool的定语从句,先行词为tool, 故答案为that/which。4.(2021.3 天津卷 单选)At the Chinese art festival, there are different standsartists demonstrate their skills and teach
13、the visitors.A.where B.which C. that D. when【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意在中国艺术节上有不同的展台,在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分结构可知,stands作先行词,空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ,从句中不缺主宾表,故选关系副词,先行词stands在从句中作地点状语,所以应用where。故选:A。5.(2021.3 天津卷 单选)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakeswe can learn without
14、repeating them.A. from which B. in which C. with whom D. for whom【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意威廉哈斯蒂曾经说过,历史会告诉我们过去的错误,我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子成分结构可知,past mistakes为先行词,we can learn without repeating them 为定语从句,从句中的谓语动词为can learn。由此可知,此处讲述的是要从过去的错误中学习,固定短语:learn from从中学习”,所以应用from which引导定语从句。故选:A。6.(2021新高考II卷)I deci
15、ded that if I learned of a company_ used a lot of plastic, Id send it an email urging it to cut back. 【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构, _ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,用which或that引导该从句,所以填which或that。7.(2021天津卷)In the spring, a seas
16、on _ we are learning new rhythms of life,many of us find comfort in the natural world.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节,许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词,在后面的定语从句中作时间状语,定语从句由关系副词when引导。故选A。8.(2021北京卷)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything _12_ happened during
17、 the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切,试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知,空处需用连接词引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词everything,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。9.(2021年北京卷)The poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about _ she lived【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。
18、句意:这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句,根据句意,此处用where“在哪里;的地方”符合句意,从句中作地点状语,故填where。10.(2021年天津卷)It seemed that I had become _ my parents had wanted me to be.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. whether【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句,从句缺少引导词,且从句中的be缺少表语,所填词应该起双重作用。故选C四、 2020年高考真题1. (2020江苏高考真题
19、)It is not a problem _ we can win the battle; its just a matter of time.A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. where【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。A. whether是否;B. why为什么;C. when什么时候;D. where在哪里。根据下文its just a matter of time可知,此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。2. (2020天津高考真题)The studen
20、t completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。_ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。3. (2020浙江高考真题)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less
21、 on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。4. (2020江苏高考真题)Many lessons are now available online, from _ stude
22、nts can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:许多课程现在都可以在网上找到,学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词是many lessons,关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语,应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。5. (2020天津高考真题)Dr. Rowan, _ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A. whoseB. of whomC. of whichD. which【答
23、案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了,他现在只能自己打字。_ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句,修饰Dr. Rowan,引导词在从句中作定语,表示“Dr. Rowans ”,表示“的” ,应用关系代词whose引导该从句,故选A。6. (2020新高考卷高考真题)In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先
24、行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。7.(2020新高考I卷)Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航
25、天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。8.(2020年北京卷)Oliver says if youre lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them _you can join in when its possible.【答案】if/whether【解析】考查连词。句意:问他们你是否有可能加入他们。_ you can join in when its possible.是宾语从句,从句成分
26、完整,但缺“是否”的意思,故填if/whether。五、 2019年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】25.Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。2.【2019新高考I卷语法填空】While they are rare
27、north of 88,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。3.【2019北京卷语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go.【答案】where【
28、解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。4.(2019新高考II卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_she opened with her late husband Les. 【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the pet shop,在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语,故用which。5.(2019新高考III卷)They wer
29、e well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals. 【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。6.(2019浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限
30、制性定语从句,先行词是cloth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。7.(2019北京卷)The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源).【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。_ are totally engaged
31、(参与)in academic life.是定语从句,修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填who。2018年高考真题1.【2018北京】11. Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。点睛:表语从句是
32、指一个句子充当表语,通俗的说就是系动词be后面接一个句子。连接表语从句的连接词有that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how等。2.【2018北京】15. This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. how B. which C. that D. what【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_ we are no
33、w”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。点睛:what是常见的名词性从句引导词之一,它除了引导从句作用之外,还在从句中做主语,宾语,表语或者定语。根据不同的语境,what可以表示不同的意思,例如“的东西或事情”,“的人或样子”等。3.【2018天津】9. The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意
34、:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。点睛:分析句子可知,空格处做be awarded to的宾语,同时在后面的从句中做主语,再根据句意可知,这里主语指人,故用whoever。4.【2018江苏】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.A. where B. whenC. why D. how【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句。分析句意可知,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。故选D。点睛:本题考查表语。首先需要弄清句意及分析句子结构,然后根据前句By boat is the only way to get here提示可知作方式状语,就不难选出正确答案。