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1、专题02 代词、介词和介词短语(解析版)全国各地历年高考真题全收录一、 2023年高考真题1. 2023年新高考卷There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed _40_ hand rather than rolled.【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同更多汤包,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配,根据句意,故填by。2. 2023年新高考卷.out of
2、 the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of _42_ (they) contents.【答案】their 【解析】考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。3. 2023年新高考卷And who do they speak English _38_? 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?分析句子结构可知,根据句意此处强调双向交
3、流,应用固定搭配:speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。4. 2023全国甲卷 She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility _48_ saving their environment.【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意:她警告社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对负责。故填for。5. 2023全国乙卷From Buddhist t
4、emples to museums, narrow hutong _41_ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout.【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至从它的布局来看,这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处和上文保持一致,表示“从到”,用介词to。故填to。6. 2023年2月
5、四省联考I think I might sign up for the air-conditioning class _45_(I). ”【答案】myself【解析】考查代词。句意:我想我也可以自己报名参加空调课。分析句子并根据句意可知,空处与主语指同一人,故用反身代词作状语,故填myself。7. 2023年2月四省联考He fixed our air-conditioning _44_ free.【答案】 for【解析】考查介词。句意:他免费修理了我们的空调。for free“免费地”是固定短语,根据句意,故填for。8. 2023年1月浙江卷 Thanks to Beijings lon
6、g history _63_ capital of China.【答案】 as【解析】考查介词。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知,空格处译为“作为”,as是介词意为“作为”,符合句意。故填as。二、 2022年高考真题1.(2022年新高考1卷)Giant pandas also serve _64_ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwes
7、tern parts of China.【答案】 as 【解析】考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。2.(2022全国甲卷) He flew 4, 700 kilometers _69_ Xian to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xian in five months.【答案】 from 【解析】考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xian to Kashgar 可知
8、,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配fromto表示“从到”。故填from。3.(2022全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially _61_ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 【答案】 by【解析】考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
9、4.(2022全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony opening _ _ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth A Special Exhibition of Puer Tea. 【答案】its【解析】考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。三、 2021年高考真题 1.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)It w
10、as built originally to protect the city2the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复). 【答案】 in【解析】考查介词。在唐朝the Tang dynasty,是段时间,故填 in。2.(2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空)As the song goes, this long and winding road will never disappear, and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in9(I
11、).【答案】mine【解析】考查代词。根据提示词可知,句意为:这首歌必定会留在我的记忆中。句中it指代the song, does指代动词sticks,空格处应指 my memory, 为了避免重复,用名词性物主代词来代替 形容词性物主代词 + 名词。故填mine。3.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空) In 1844 they bought it2 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。buy sth. for +价格,表示以什么价格购买某物。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格购买了这个房子和一些地。4.(2
12、021.6全国乙卷 语法填空)Due tothe growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types6trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 【答案】of【解析】考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意:各种各样的旅行被归类于生态旅行。故填of。5.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased5
13、2.1 in women and men.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意:研究发现1985-2017年间,男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。increase by+数值表示增长了多少,故答案为by。6.(2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空)Ecotourism has3(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. 【答案】its【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的origin一起作has的宾语;同时与空后的origin构成限定关系,因此应填形容词物主代词。句意:生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环保运动。故
14、填its。7.(2021全国甲卷)It was built (build) originally to protect the city _ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 【答案】in/during【解析】考查介词。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知,表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。8.(2021全国乙卷)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _ the late 1980
15、s. 【答案】until【解析】考查固定句型。句意:直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知,此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,表示“直到才”使用固定句型“notuntil”。故填until。四、 2020年高考真题1.(2020山东卷语法填空)Museums must compete 45 peoples spare time and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为“为了竞争”。故填fo
16、r。2.(2020浙江卷语法填空)Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56 ,through agriculture.56【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived _”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名词,意为“
17、居住在某地”。故填in。3.(2020山东卷语法填空)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walking)(walk)through a rainforest.【答案】themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为
18、“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。4.(2020新高考II卷语法填空)Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.【答案】than【解析】考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。6.(2020新高考III卷语法填空)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.【答案】on
19、【解析】考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。7. (2020江苏卷单项填空)Taking on this challenge will bring you _ someone who shares your interests.A. in exchange forB. in answer toC. in contact withD. in memory of【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for作为交换;B. in ans
20、wer to回答;C. in contact with接触,与有联系;D. in memory of纪念。根据空后someone who shares your interests及常识可知,此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。8. (2020江苏卷单项填空)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for _.A. whicheverB. wheneverC. whereverD. whatever【答案】D【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就
21、已经计划好了前两个技巧,然后全力以赴。A. whichever无论哪个;B. whenever无论何时;C. wherever无论何地;D. whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知,此处做goes for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。故选D。9(2020天津卷单项填空)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake _ a monkey.Ain the shape ofBbeyond the reach ofCat the mercy ofDon the side of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生
22、日的时候,妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈形状;B. beyond the reach of超出的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受的支配;D. on the side of拥护,站在的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。10.(2021年浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of _ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order. 【答案】herself【解析】考查代词。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是
23、她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词;提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。11.(2020新高考I卷)Data about the moons composition, such as how _ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 【答案】much;its【解析】考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数
24、据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。12.(2020新高考I卷)because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so _ the familiar near side. 【答案】than【解析】考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比更”。故填than。13.(2020新高考II卷)Bamboo pl
25、ants are associated _ health, abundance and a happy home. 【答案】with【解析】考查短语。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与相联系。故填with。14.(2020年北京卷)Over time, the bags fall apart countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意:随着时间推移,这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片,鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fa
26、ll apart into/to.(分崩离析成),介词into/to可表“进入之中/变成”。故填into/to。15.(2020年浙江卷)Farming produced more food per person _ hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children【答案】than【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知,此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比,应用比较连词than。more than,意为“比更”故填than。16.(2020浙江卷1月)This aging of t
27、he population is driven _two factors.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意:人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由;被”应用介词by。故填by。五、 2019年高考真题1.【2019天津卷单项填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代
28、词与the students是对应关系,可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。2.【2019江苏卷单项填空】27.Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。句意:好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上
29、;B. in command指挥;C. in turn轮流,依次;D. in shape在外形上,处于良好的状态。故选A。3.【2019新高考I卷语法填空】Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作M
30、odern methods的定语,用of 连接,“methods of doing sth.”,意为“的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。4.【2019新高考III卷语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs,seven to be exact.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。5.【2019浙江卷语法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer
31、 _61_ this question is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .这是固定搭配,“的答案是”。故填to。6.(2019北京卷语法填空)Nervously _facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _3_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】myself 【解析】考查代词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用
32、反身代词。故填myself。7.【2019新高考III卷语法填空】On our way to the house,it was raining _so_ hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _62_ (get)there.【答案】to get【解析】考查非谓语。 句意:我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法:It takes time to do sth.:花时间做某事,该句式中it作形式主语,time做宾语,使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间,用how long 对其进行提问,不影
33、响不定式的使用,故答案为to get。2018年高考真题1.【2018北京】14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意:早上好,Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee见面)。make an appointment for意为“为预约”,是固定搭配,故A选项正确。点睛:make an appointment with sb.和
34、某人预约;make an appointment for为预约。2.【2018天津】11. Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.A. at first B. after allC. above all D. at random【答案】B【解析】句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报告,但它毕竟还是去了。at first 首先;after all毕竟,终究;above all首先;at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知,与前面的情况相反
35、,所以选B。点睛:本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言,没有捷径可言,只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。3.【2018江苏】33. Chinas softpowergrows_ theincreasingappreciationandunderstanding of China globally.A. in line with B. in reply toC. in return for D. in honour of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一
36、致。A. in line with按照;与.一致;B. in reply to答复;C. in return for作为 . 的报酬;D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。点睛:本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语,重点关注他们用法上的区别。4.【2018新高考III卷语法填空】I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.【答案】 for【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配,表示“寻找”,表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。