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1、专题17 语法填空（解析版）全国各地历年高考真题全收录一、 2023年高考真题（一） 2023新高考全国卷Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, _36_ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot.
2、To eat one, you have to decide whether _37_ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), _38_ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the _39_ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians w
3、ill actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long haos birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed _40_ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
4、 _41_ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of _42_ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with _43_ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them, one steamer is _44_ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am alway
5、s left _45_ (want) more next time.【答案】36. tasty 37. to bite 38. or 39. recognized 40. by 41. to be lifted 42. their 43. a 44. rarely 45. wanting【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填ta
6、sty。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。【38题详解】考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether.or. “是还是”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home
7、前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift
8、 out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。【42题详解】考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。【43题详解】考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。【44题详解】考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼
9、又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。（二） 2023新高考全国卷Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a qu
10、estioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teachthe animals? Since June 2017, right before the _36_ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and _37_ (confidence) speaking Engli
11、sh. And who do they speak English _38_? Not the pandas, even though _39_ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _40_ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from Chin
12、a. They also need to be ready to give _41_ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is _42_ they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? _43_ (basic), how to describe a pandas life. Its been an honor to watch the panda programme develop _44_ to see the pandas settle i
13、nto their new home. As a little girl, I _45_ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, Im living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.【答案】36. arrival 37. confident 38. with 39. the 40. visiting 41. interviews 42. why 43. Basically 44. and 45. wished【解析】【
14、导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，con
15、fidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。【38题详解】考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，根据句意此处强调双向交流，应用固定搭配：speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。【39题详解】考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visi
16、t对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。【41题详解】考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。【42题详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。
17、分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。【44题详解】考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。【45题详解】考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本
18、句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。（三） 2023全国甲卷阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) _41_ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesops fables date to the _42_ (si
19、x) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _43_ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, _44_ all life
20、 seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, _45_ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message _46_ (intend) for everyone._47_ (difference) from traditional fables, Carsons story ends with an accusation
21、instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility _48_ saving their environment.The themes of taditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Casons theme is a more weighty _49_ (warn) about e
22、nvironmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _50_ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.【答案】41. to teach 42. sixth 43. as 44. where 45. borrowing 46. intended 47. Different 48. for 49. warning 50. be employed【解析】
23、【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。【42题详解】考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔卡森在明日寓言中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。【44题详解】考查定语
24、从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。【46题详解
25、】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。【47题详解】考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。【48题详解】考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对负责。故填for。【49题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接
26、名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。【50题详解】考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。（四） 2023全国乙卷Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong _41_ royal pala
27、ces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully _42_ (build) system of ring roads.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _43_ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectu
28、ral _44_ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldnt work, _45_ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. _46_ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I _47_ (amaze) by the co-existence of old a
29、nd new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years _48_ (record) everything I discovered.The _49_ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the m
30、odern world, _50_ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.【答案】41. to 42. built 43. which#that 44. wonders 45. but 46. Having visited 47. was amazed 48. recording 49. remarkable 50. means【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之
31、间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。【41题详解】考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从到”，用介词to。故填to。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建
32、造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式
33、；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。【45题详解】考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldnt work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧
34、共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。【47题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while con
35、stantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。【48题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。【49题详解】考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this
36、city”。故填remarkable。【50题详解】考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。（五） 2023年2月四省联考The government has awarded $5 million to three different local nonprofit organizations. The money will _36_(distr
37、ibute) over a four-year period and is aimed at helping approximately 1, 000 homeless people in the county of Arvada.One agency, _37_(base) in Woodbridge, is expected _38_(receive) $1. 5 million. The agency director says that they will focus their resources on _39_(educate) the homeless. “We will pro
38、bably build another school-home with this money,” he said. “A school-home is exactly _40_ it sounds like. It is a school and a home. We have already built four school-homes throughout the county. We get the homeless off the street, _41_ we educate them so they dont have to return to the street. We t
39、each them how to be gardeners, painters, carpenters, bricklayers, electricians, and air-conditioning repairmen.”“You wouldnt believe _42_ success that we have had. In fact, a couple of weeks ago, our office air-conditioning went out. My secretary called a repairman. To our surprise, the repairman _4
40、3_(be) one of our first homeless students. He now owns his own air-conditioning business, plus two houses, two cars and a boat! He has a dozen employees. Hes doing better than I am. He fixed our air-conditioning _44_ free. I think I might sign up for the air-conditioning class _45_(I). ”【答案】36. be d
41、istributed 37. based 38. to receive 39. educating 40. what 41. and 42. the 43. was 44. for 45. myself【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了政府向当地非营利组织奖励了500万美元，这些钱将被用来帮助无家可归的人，文章还具体讲述了一家非盈利组织救助无家可归者采取的措施以及取得的成功。【36题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：这笔钱将在四年时间内分发，目的是帮助阿瓦达县大约1000名无家可归的人。分析句子可知，distribute和will构成谓语动词，与主语The money是被动关系，空前有助动词wi
42、ll，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故填be distributed。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一家机构，总部在Woodbridge，预计将获得150万美元。分析句子可知，“(base) in Woodbridge”作定语，base与One agency是被动关系，故用过去分词，故填based。【38题详解】考查不定式。句意同上。be expected to do sth.“被预计”，用不定式作主语补足语，故填to receive。【39题详解】考查动名词。句意：该机构负责人表示，他们将把资源集中在教育无家可归者上。介词后接动名词作宾语，故填educating。【40题详解】考查表语从句
43、。句意：一所“学校之家”就是它听起来的样子。分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，从句like是介词，缺少宾语，指物，用从属连词what引导表语从句，故填what。【41题详解】考查连词。句意：我们让无家可归的人离开街头，我们教育他们，这样他们就不必回到街头。根据句意并分析句子可知，空处用连词连接两个句子，前后文是顺承关系，故填and。【42题详解】考查冠词。句意：你不会相信我们已经取得的成功。修饰名词用冠词，根据句意此处特指“我们已经取得的成功”，故填the。【43题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：令我们吃惊的是，那个修理工是我们第一批无家可归的学生之一。根据上文的“a couple of w
44、eeks ago”可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，且主语the repairman是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填was。【44题详解】考查介词。句意：他免费修理了我们的空调。for free“免费地”是固定短语，根据句意，故填for。【45题详解】考查代词。句意：我想我也可以自己报名参加空调课。分析句子并根据句意可知，空处与主语指同一人，故用反身代词作状语，故填myself。（六） 2023年1月浙江卷During Chinas dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing _56_ arranged the re
45、sidential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, _57_ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, _58_ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of hig
46、her social classes _59_ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often _60_ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by _61_ (space)homes and
47、walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and _62_ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijings long history _63_ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with histo