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1、Unit 5 LANGUAGE AROUND THE WORLD5.2 Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句（二）关系副词的用法一判断定语从句的关系副词的方法如果先行词是指代“时间的名词”，还原到定语从句中作时间状语，则用关系副词when；如果先行词是指代“地点的名词”，还原到定语从句中作地点状语，则用关系副词where；如果先行词是指代“原因的名词（reason）”，还原到定语从句中作原因状语，则用关系副词why。二关系副词的基本用法指代关系副词在从句中的作用例句时间名词when（=at/ in/ on +which）时间状语I shall never for
2、get the day when we moved into our new house. （先行词the day还原到从句中为: we moved into our new house on the day , 作时间状语，用when 或 on which）我永远不会忘记我们搬入新房子的那一天。地点名词where（=at/ in/ on+ which）地点状语This is the village where my father was born. （先行词the village还原到从句中为: my father was born in the village, 作地点状语，用where
3、或in which）这就是我父亲出生的村庄。原因名词why（=for which）原因状语This is the reason why he missed the early bus.（先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he missed the early bus for the reason, 作原因状语，用why 或for which）这是他错过早班车的原因。三关系副词和关系代词的正确使用关系副词和关系代词的选择要看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：如果作状语，则用关系副词；如果作主语、宾语、表语，则用关系代词，而不能只看先行词是什么。Ill never forget the d
4、ay（that/ which）I spent with you on the farm. (先行词the day还原到从句中为: I spent the day with you on the farm, 作spent的宾语，用that/ which) 我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起度过的那一天。Ill never forget the day when I worked with you on the farm. (先行词the day还原到从句中为: I worked with you on the farm on the day, 作时间状语，用when或on which) 我永远不会忘记
5、我们在农场一起工作的那一天。He works in the factory（that/ which ）I visited last year. (先行词the factory还原到从句中为: I visited the factory last year, 作visited 的宾语，用that/ which) 他在我去年参观的那个工厂工作。He works in the factory where these bikes are made. (先行词the factory还原到从句中为: these bikes are made in the factory, 作地点状语, 用where或in
6、 which) 他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作。This is the reason (that/ which )he explained to us. (先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he explained the reason to us, 作explained的宾语，用that/ which) 这就是他对我们解释的理由。I dont know the reason why he was so angry.( 先行词the reason还原到从句中为: he was so angry for the reason, 作原因状语， 用why或for which)我不知道他如
7、此生气的原因。四关系副词易错点：1.where指代抽象地点，意为“在 中（下）”where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case, point, situation, condition, scene, stage, position，activity, platform, race, environment,atmosphere, family, job等。I have reached a point in my life where I should make decisions of my own. 我已经到了一个在我人生中自己做决定的地步了。Now
8、adays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. 目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。2.when指代抽象时间，意思为“在 的时间里”when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有occasion（时机）, time, age, period等。Occasions are qui
9、te rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们呆一天的机会很少。We are living in an age when many things are done on computers. 我们生活在一个许多事情靠计算机来做的时代。3.why不能引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句不能用why引导, 要用for which。I have told him the reason, for which I missed the early bus. 我没赶上早班车, 我已经告诉了他原因。The main reas
10、on, for which he lost his job, was that he drank too much. 他失去工作的主要原因是酗酒。4.way作先行词先行词way在定语从句中充当方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which ，也可省略。（注意不用how, how不能引导定语从句。）充当主语、宾语，引导词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。This is the way (that/in which) he solved the problem.(先行词the way还原到定语从句中为：he solved the problem in the way，
11、作方式状语，引导词用 that 或in which，也可省略。)这就是他解决问题的方法。This is the way (that/which) he used to solve the problem.(the way作used的宾语，that/which可省略)这就是他所使用的解决问题的方法。This is the way that/which was used to solve the problem.(the way作was used的主语，that/which不可省略)这就是被使用的解决问题的方法。五使用定语从句时注意的几个方面：（一）分割式定语从句定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入
12、谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分，使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割开来，或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。A newteacherwill come tomorrow whowill teach us English.教我们英语的一位新老师明天就要到了。The days are gone when physical strength was what you needed to make a living.完全靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, where we enjoyed
13、 a splendid view of the lake. 我和朋友爬到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏了美丽的湖光景色。The scientist has made another discovery,which, of course,is of greatimportance. 科学家另有发现，当然，这个发现很重要。（二）易混从句对比1.Is this factory the one (that )you visited yesterday? (the one作表语，that引导定语从句，修饰the one)Is this the factory (that/ which) you visited
14、yesterday? (that/which引导定语从句并作宾语，可省略)2.The old man has three sons , one of whom is a teacher. (定语从句，用引导词whom) The old man has three sons, and one of them is a teacher.(并列句，用代词them)3.The news (that/ which) he told us is true.(定语从句，引导词用that和which都可)The news that our team won the game is true. (同位语从句，引
15、导词只用that，不用which)4.The doctor did all (that) he could to save the boy. （有先行词all，that引导定语从句）The doctor did what he could to save the boy. (没有先行词，what引导宾语从句)5.As is known to the world, Mark Twain was a famous writer. (as 引导非限制性定语从句)It is known to the world that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (it是形式主语
16、，that从句是真正的主语)What is known to the world is that Mark Twain was a famous writer. (what引导主语从句)6.You should leave things at the placewhere you can find them again easily. (有先行词，where引导定语从句, 也可用at which)You should leave thingswhere you can find them again easily. (没有先行词，where引导地点状语从句，不可用at which)7.It w
17、as in this place that he was born. (强调句)This is the place where he was born. (定语从句)It was in the factory where he worked that we met each other together. (where引导定语从句，that构成强调句) 8.He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher as we all like. (as引导定语从句)He is such a good teacher /so good a teacher that
18、 we all like him. （that引导结果状语从句）9.This is the first time (that) I have come to Beijing. (time表“次数”，从句引导词用that，也可省略) There was a time when I didnt like English. (time表“时间”，定语从句引导词用when)10.The reason why he didnt come yesterday is that he was ill. (why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句)【巩固训练】一用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空1. I still
19、 remember the day_ I first came to Beijing.2.This is the room _ my grandparents lived last year.3.Do you know the reason_ he refused to go to Marys birthday party. 4. China is a large country _ many different dialects are spoken.5.The factory _ his father works is in the west of the city.6.This is t
20、he hospital_ my mother works.7.That is the reason _ I did the job.8.I dont know the exact time _ they will meet.9.I still remember the place_ I met her for the first time.10.Thats one of the reasons _ I asked you to come.11.Mr. Wang will fly to Beijing, _ he will stay for three months.12.There comes
21、 a time_ you have to make a choice.13. I am looking forward to the day _my daughter can know my feelings for her.14.Well put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better.15. _ we know, this is the day_ the quake happened thirty-five years ago.16.He works in a factory_ makes this type
22、of iPhone.17.This is the hospital _ we visited the day before yesterday.18. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.19. I doubt the reason _ he gave us for his being absent from the meeting.20.The way _ our chemistry teacher did the experiment was very inte
23、resting.二单项选择1.I dont know the reason_ he refused to attend the meeting .A. why B. which C. when D.what2.Thats the hotel _ we were staying last summer.A. that B. where C. when D.why3.They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days. A. whereB. there C. whichD. when4. We live in a
24、n age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.AwhyBwhenCto whomDon which5.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. A. thenB. thereC. whileD. where6.Many countries are now setting up national parks _animals and plants can be prot
25、ected.A. when B. which C. whose D. where7.The exact year _ Mary and her family spent together in China was 2018.A. whenB. which C. whatD. where8.The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where9.As a child, Jack s
26、tudied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 10. The village has developed a lot_we learned farming two years ago. A. whenB. which C. thatD. where11.Students should take part in community activities_they can gain experience for growth.A. who B. when
27、 C. which D. where12.As the smallest child of his family, Jack is always longing for the time_ he should be able to be independent.A. which B. where C. whom D. when13.Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 14. What do you t
28、hink of teacher, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. that 15.Today, well discuss a number of cases_ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. A. whichB. asC. whyD. where16.The boss of the company
29、is trying to create an easy atmosphere_ his employees enjoy their work. A. where B. which C. when D. that 17. We really love Indian food and such occasions are very rare _ we have so many foods available at such low prices.A. that B. when C. which D. where18. We went to Mountain Tai last weekend, _,
30、 not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.A. whenB. which C. thatD. where19.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life had developed gradually . A. that B. where C. which D. whose 20. We all admire this family, the parents are treating their child like a frie
31、nd. A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that答案：一1. when/ on which 2 where /in which 3. why/for which 4. where /in which 5. where /in which 6. where /in which 7. why/ for which 8. when/at which 9. where /in which 10. why/ for which 11. where 12. when 13. when/ on which 14. when 15. As ; when/ on which 16. that
32、/which 17. that /which 18. that /which 19. that /which 20. that /in which二1-5 ABABDD 6-10 DBAAD 11-15 DDDAA 16-20 ABBBB一、单句语法填空。1. Li Ming, got married last year, is to go abroad soon.2. There is a net bar around here, I remember.3. Then he met Mary, invited him to a party.4. Some experts think read
33、ing is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.5. The factory we visited last month has been rebuilt.6. How can I forget the day I first saw him?7. The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.8. The first book he lent me was written by Mark Twain.9. It
34、is certain that Mr. Black will support your plan, for he always agrees whatever you say.10. This kind of new machine is trial before they are put into the market.二、写出句中所缺单词的正确形式。1. The old couple were at last (rescue) by the local people.2. The spaceship was (damage) because of a crash.3. He was luc
35、ky enough to survive in the accident, who was the (survive).4. Everywhere they looked, nearly everything was (destroy).5. The poor man starved to (die).三. 根据汉语提示写出适当的单词或短语。1.This is an animal that is _(特有的) to this part of Africa.2.Im writing to express my sincere _(感激) for the MP5 you sent to me.3.
36、The twins differ from each other in _(性格).4.She is now crazy about _(古典的) music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert.5.As you design your _(系统)，consider how it should be tested.6.Our life has its _(兴衰) and we need someone to ride with us.7.She could not speak，but she made her wishes know
37、n _(通过) signs.8.As everyone knows，she _(在中起重要作用) our organization.9.He decided that he would drive _(一路上) home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.10.We visited a temple which _(追溯到) 2，000 years ago. 【参考答案】一、单句语法填空。1.who 2.as 3.who 4.which 5.that /which 6.when 7.as 8.that 9. with 10. on二、
38、写出句中所缺单词的正确形式。1.rescued 2.damaged 3.survivor 4.destroyed 5.death三. 根据汉语提示写出适当的单词或短语。1.unique/specific2.appreciation3.character4.classical5.system6.ups and downs7.by means of8. plays an important part/role in9.all the way10. dates back to一、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。If the crust (外壳) of th
39、e earth were not pretty solid (坚固的), it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently. However, there are places in the rocks of the earths crust where it isnt strongly held togetherwhere faults exist. Along the faults, one rock might push against another with great force. The energy is c
40、hanged to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Seven hundred people died and property (财产) damage amounted to about $425,000,000.The greatest destruction came from the fires that follow
41、ed the quake.One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755. The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about seventyfive thousand people. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds of towns a
42、nd villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama, too
43、. The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.1.The first paragraph mainly tells us _.A.where earthquakes happen B.how earthquakes happenC.the damage caused by earthquakes D.famous earthquakes in the world2.The underlined word “
44、vibration” in the first paragraph probably means “_”. A.shaking B.force C.energy D.losing3.Which of the following earthquakes killed the most people?A.The San Francisco earthquake. B.The earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal.C.The earthquake in Calabria and Sicily. D.The earthquake in central Italy.4.Accor
45、ding to the passage, we can learn that _.A.the earths crust in Europe is weaker than that in other placesB.there were 75,000 people killed in the San Francisco earthquakeC.the city of Yokohama was not greatly influenced by the Tokyo quakeD.the fires following the San Francisco earthquake caused more damage than the ear