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1、5：代词和名词常考考点：人称代词(主格/宾格)反身代词名词性物主代词常考的不定代词指示代词I/memyselfmineother/anotherthis/thatyouyourself/yourselvesyoursboth/neither/eitherhe/himhimselfhisall / noneshe/herherselfhersnothing/nobodythese/thoseititselfitseverything/everybodywe/usourselvesoursanything/anybodythey/themthemselvestheirssomething/some
2、body名词复数变化：情况构成方法读音示例一般情况加-s清辅音后/s/；浊辅音和元音后读/z/map mapsbag bags以s，ss，x，sh等结尾的词加-es-es读/iz/bus buses class classes以-f或-fe结尾的名词多数将-f和-fe变v加 -es-ves读/vz/wife wives leaf leavesshelf shelves knife knives wolf wolves thief thieves half halves life lives以元音字母+y结尾的名词(A E I O U)直接加-s-s读/z/boy boys day daysmo
3、nkey monkeysholiday holidays toy-toyskey keys以辅音字母+y结尾的非专有名词变y为i 再加es-s读/z/library librariesfamily familieshobby hobbies以辅音字母+o结尾的名词一般加-es-es读/z/Negro Negroeshero heroestomato tomatoespotato potatoesmango mangoes以元音字母+o结尾的名词加-s-s读/z/zoo zoos photo photoskangaroo kangaroosbamboo bamboosradio radiospi
4、ano pianos单复数同形名词保持不变deer deer sheep sheepfish fish people peopleChinese Chinese EnglishJapanese JapaneseVietnamese VietnameseSwiss Portuguese Lebanese表示某国人名词的复数表示某国人名词的复数human humansGerman GermansRussian RussianAmerican AmericansItalian ItaliansIndian IndiansCanadian CanadiansAustralian Australians
5、Swede Swedes无连字号复合名词以后面名词变复数规律保持一致mooncake mooncakesbookcase bookcasesarmchair armchairstoothpick toothpickshousewife housewivesgentleman gentlemenbookshelf bookshelvesstopwatch stopwatcheswineglass wineglassesbirthday birthdaysblackboard blackboardsgreenhouse greenhouses第一个名词是man，woman的复合名词两者都要变复数m
6、an teacher men teacherswoman doctor women doctors男人/女人做定语修饰名词，两者都需要变复数以f，fe结尾特殊名词直接在词尾加sroof roofs chief chiefsserf serfs reef reefshoof hoofs cliff cliffsgulf gulfs belief beliefs proof proofs改内部双元音及其它字母的名词复数以及一些外来词名词加ren或者加en.man men woman womenox oxen child childrengoose geese tooth teethfoot fee
7、t mouse micelouse lice basis-bases1.（2020浙江卷1月）For Japan, the (number)are more striking 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.【答案】numbers【解析】考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。2.（2020全国III卷）Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags
8、 and left.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示好奇心。故填curiosity。3.（2020全国II卷）Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名词。由设空处前a，可判断此处需填名词形式，且为单数形式，故填celebration。4.（2020全国I卷）The far side of t
9、he moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山).【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。根据be of+名词相当于形容词的结构，可知此处应用名词，故填interest。5.（2020全国I卷）Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether (it) plans f
10、or a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。分析句子可知，此处指它的计划，名词plans可知空格处应用it的形容词性物主代词，故填its。6. Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to _(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】myself【解析】句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说四个简单的字做你自己。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。7. Like univ
11、ersity students, US high school students have the freedom to choose the courses that most interest (they).【答案】them【解析】分析句子可知，interest为定语从句的谓语，后接人称代词宾格做宾语。故填them。8. Last October, while tending her garden, she pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.【答案】carrots【解析】考查名词单
12、复数。根据上文的a handful of可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。9. Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional _(treasure) come alive again.【答案】treasures【解析】考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。10. Then he started to b
13、uild more and more kinds of (model).【答案】models【解析】考查名词的数。句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。model为可数名词，且根据上文more and more kinds of可知应填名词的复数形式models。【技巧点拨】当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时，要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it，替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。解题技巧如下：第一步：分析句子结构。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若动词或介词后面缺宾语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it。如果该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。第二步：理解句子意思。根据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。