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1、（新高考）2023届高三英语下学期预演押题卷（4）（含解析）本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AGraduate SchemesCommercial Banking Graduate Scheme We help U.K. -based clients to invest locally and trade globally, and advise them on ways they can manage risk. To ap
2、ply for our scheme, you need a 2: 1 degree or above in any discipline from any university. Location: Our graduate schemes are based in various cities around the U.K., including London, Birmingham, Edinburgh and Bristol. WHAT YOULL BE DOING Attending client meetings to understand their needs and offe
3、ring solutions to support them. Managing the Groups exposure to risk and assessing investment opportunities.Risk Management Graduate Scheme If you are eager to learn how a national organization protects itself and its customers from different threats, youll be a great fit for our Risk Management tea
4、ms. What you need is just a 2:2 degree or above. Location : The first placement will be in Bristol, followed by three placements in London. WHAT YOULL BE DOING Developing your understanding of credit risks, risk analysis find financial modeling. Using artificial intelligence (AI) to simplify our ris
5、k management processes.Finance Graduate Scheme Finance teams are the trusted advisors to our business. And, once they understand how a business works, they can develop strategies that help transform it, within a fast-changing industry. Accounting and finance graduates are qualified for this scheme.
6、Location: London. WHAT YOULL BE DOING Building relationships with colleagues and customers to better understand their needs. Reviewing our practices and contributing ideas on the ways we can improve them.Manufacturing Graduate Scheme Were the U.K. s second largest fresh food manufacturer. Were uniqu
7、e in the way we source and make most of our fresh food ourselves. To join us, its crucial that you have a driving license. Besides, you must have a passion for food quality and safety. Those who have a minimum 2:2 degree and are fluent in Chinese will be preferred. Location: London. WHAT YOULL BE DO
8、ING Working with a variety of teams at several of our manufacturing sites. Going on placement in stores to learn more about our retail operations.1.If you want to stay in Birmingham, which graduate scheme can you choose?A.Finance Graduate Scheme.B.Manufacturing Graduate Scheme.C.Risk Management Grad
9、uate Scheme.D.Commercial Banking Graduate Scheme.2.After finishing the Risk Management Graduate Scheme, what can you do?A.Create investment opportunities.B.Master more about retail operations.C.Formulate the risk management system.D.Use AI to make risk management processes easier.3.Which certificate
10、 is a must to apply for Manufacturing Graduate Scheme?A.A 2:1 degree.B.A driving license.C.A Mandarin certificate.D.A food production license.B It was at midnight, when Janice Esposito arrived at the train station, jumped into her car, and began the 20-minute drive home. She had traveled the route s
11、o many times. A car out of nowhere crashed into Espositos minivan, pushing her backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She sat in the minivan, bruised but mostly just stunned by the impact and by the vehicles airbags. As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for bed. A volunteer firef
12、ighter and retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never stopped to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still in his pajamas, ran out the door. The first car he came upon was the one that had hit Esposito. Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he looked around and spotted Espositos minivan stuck on the ra
13、ilroad tracks. And then he heard a sharp sound: the bells signaling an oncoming train. I even see the headlights of the train, he told Newsday. DiPinto rushed to Espositos minivan and banged on the drivers side window. She just looked at him, her eyes unfocused. I dont know where I am, she said. Hon
14、ey, youre on the railroad tracks, DiPinto shouted. We have to get you off right now! He yanked(猛拉) on the handle, but the door was jammed shut. The train was hurtling toward them. DiPinto ran to the passenger side and threw open the door. Please, dont let her be trapped, he thought. He pushed aside
15、the deflating airbags, grabbed Espositos arms, and pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and speed her to safety. Within six seconds, he estimated, the train crashed into the Minivan. It was like a Hollywood movie, DiPinto told reporters the next day. But this o
16、ne had a twist. Last night, Esposito told CBS, the hero arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck.4. What do we know about Janice Esposito from the first paragraph?A. She fell off the train.B. She was familiar with the route.C. She was hit deliberately.D. She was conscious after the crash.5. Why did D
17、iPinto hurry to rescue Esposito from her minivan?A. She was hurt badly.B. He felt it was his duty.C. The other driver was OK.D. The train was to hit her car.6. Why did DiPinto say It was like a Hollywood movie?A. It was a clip from a movie.B. The story happened in Hollywood.C. The plot was as thrill
18、ing as a movie.D. Esposito was a film star in Hollywood.7. What could be the best title for this passage?A. A Thrilling Ride HomeB. A Serious Car AccidentC. Help People in NeedD. The Hero in PajamasC Earth Day was founded in 1970 as a day of education about environmental issues, and Earth Day 2020 o
19、ccurs on Wednesday, April 22the holidays 50th anniversary. The holiday is now a global celebration thats sometimes extended into Earth Week, a full seven days of events focused on green living. By the early 1960s, Americans were becoming aware of the effects of pollution on the environment. Rachel C
20、arsons 1962 bestseller Silent Spring pointed out the dangerous effects of pesticides(杀虫剂) on the American countryside. Later in the decade, a 1969 fire on Clevelands Cuyahoga River shed light on the problem of chemical waste disposal. Until that time, protecting the planets natural resources was not
21、 part of the national political plan. Only a small portion of the American population was familiar with environmental issueslet alone practiced recycling. Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1962, Senator(参议员) Gaylord Nelson was determined to convince the federal government that the planet was at risk. In
22、 the fall of 1969, Nelson, considered one of the leaders of the modern environmental movements, announced the Earth Day concept at a conference in Seattle and invited the entire nation to get involved. He later recalled: The response was electric(高度刺激的). Telegrams, letters and telephone inquiries po
23、ured in from all across the country. The American people finally had an opportunity to express their concern about what was happening to the land, rivers, lakes and air. Public opinion polls(民意调查) indicated that in May 1971, 25 percent of the U.S public declared protecting the environment to be an i
24、mportant goal, a 2,500 percent increase over 1969. Earth Day kicked off the environmental decade with a bang, as Senator Nelson later put it. During the 1970s, a number of important environmental laws were passed, such as the Clean Air Act, the Water Quality Improvement Act and the Endangered Specie
25、s Act. Another key development was the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) in December 1970, which was tasked with protecting human health and safeguarding the natural environmentair, water and land.8.What do we learn about the circumstances in America before Earth Day was foun
26、ded?A.The overuse of pesticides had little impact on the American countryside.B.The fire on Cuyahoga River was caused by improper chemical waste disposal.C.The government highly valued the protection of the natural resources.D.Only a few Americans were familiar with environmental issues and practice
27、d recycling.9.What can be inferred from the third paragraph?A.Nelson convinced the federal government that the planet was at risk.B.Nelson organized the modem environmental movements all by himself.C.The Earth Day successfully aroused the publics interest in environmental issues.D.The electric power
28、 supply had been cut off because numerous telephone inquiries poured in.10.Why was the Environmental Protection Agency set up?A.To collect public opinions.B.To kick off the environmental decade.C.To change public attitudes.D.To protect human beings and nature.11.What do you think the author will dis
29、cuss later?A.Earth Day celebrations have grown and spread around the globe.B.EPA protects human health and our natural environment.C.The environmental laws come into effect.D.Senator Nelsons achievements are remarkable.D Today we know Antarctica as an extreme environment containing ice and snow. But
30、 new research provides evidence that the area had a rainforest in the past. The researchers collected a piece of Earth sediment(沉淀物) from under the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica. In the sediment, they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old. This would h
31、ave been in the Cretaceous Period, when dinosaurs were the main land animals. The sediment was removed by scientists on the research icebreaker RV Polarstern in the Amundsen Sea near Pine Island Glacier. Johann Klages is a geologist with the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and M
32、arine Research in Germany. He was the lead writer of a study on the findings, published in the journal Nature. He said the sediment was collected from a depth of about 30 meters below the ocean floor. Klages said an examination showed that the material didnt form in the ocean. The researchers estima
33、te that the areaabout 900 kilometers from the South Polehad average yearly temperatures of about 12 to 13 degrees Celsius. During the warmest summer months, average temperatures likely reached between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. The soil included fine dirt particles(颗粒) and hard clay, as well as subs
34、tances linkedto at least 65 different kinds of plants, the study found. Klages added that the plants included trees, ferns and flowering plants. While no animal remains were found, Klages said there were likely dinosaurs, flying reptiles(爬行动物) and many insects in the environment. The research repres
35、ents new evidence of the major climate changes Earth has experienced in the past and is currently undergoing today. The soil in the sediment dates back to the planets warmest period of the past 140 million years, with sea level about 170 meters higher than today. The researchers said that the rainfo
36、rest environment in Antarctica was especially surprising because each year, the area experiences a four-month polar night when there is no sunlight to fuel plant life. Klages said no ice sheets were present during the time, but seasonal snowfall was likely.12. How did the researchers come to their f
37、indings?A. By collecting data on climate.B. By researching special plants.C. By exploring ice in Antarctica.D. By analyzing the Earth sediment.13. What did the researchers say about the sediment?A. Its material developed in the ocean.B. Its material formed on the land.C. It dates back to cold times
38、in Antarctica.D. It contained different animal remains.14. What does the author indicate in the last paragraph?A. There were ice sheets 140 million years ago.B. Seasonal snowfall made the forest disappear.C. Antarcticas natural environment has changed greatly.D. Polar nights in Antarctica are gettin
39、g shorter than before.15. What is the main idea of the text?A. Antarctica is getting warmer like before.B. Various wildlife once existed in Antarctica.C. Antarctica had a different history of climate.D. Researchers study the secrets of Antarctica.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空
40、白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Amid hopes of the digital age, it is easy to forget that old-fashioned human desire is as essential to achieving business goals as ever. Yet many companies struggle because their cultures get in the way. This is a big problem. 16_ Why? For two reasons. People essentially seek jo
41、y. And joy connects people more powerfully than almost any other human experience. The connective power of joy is clearly visible in sports.17_ Joy fuels further success. Everyone is caught up in the moment. Can the joy that is so apparent in athletics be copied in business? Absolutely. In any team
42、environment, joy usually arises from three things which business leaders can engender in their organizations.18_ On winning teams, each player has a distinct role in achieving the goal. One player might be a great passer. Another is a great scorer. When the diverse skills and strengths of teammates
43、are really clicking together, it feels great. Impact. 19_ You can see it in their faces as they throw their arms around each other and jump up and down like children. They are saying to each other: Can you believe we did that?! Acknowledgment. Great coaches instruct their players to, when they score
44、, immediately point to the teammates who created the scoring opportunity.20_ This is a pattern full of opportunities for business leaders. By providing people with more of the experiences that engender joy in any team setting. leaders can tap (发掘) more of the practical power of joy in their companie
45、s.A.Harmony.B.Achievement.C.And joy can be a big part of the solution.D.Success in sports sparks the joy of the team members.E.Team harmony leads to an impact, which further fuels joy.F.Joy is one element that counts in sports as well as in other fields.G.Acknowledging each players contributions and
46、 cheering for each other power the entire joy-success-joy cycle.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was at the bus stop, on my Way to the lab where I was a postdoctoral fellow. It was 21 like any other morning. But something began to22 inside
47、me as I watched the people around me headphones hanging from their ears, 23 cast down, unsmiling faces. They looked 24 .And I realized I was one of them. Suddenly, I could no longer 25 my work life and booked a one-way ticket to fly home. Over the years, I had grown more 26 . Those who could have be
48、en collaborators(合作者) became competitors. But the effect of this competition was exactly the 27 of what I had hoped for. So I began to feel alone and lost. The 28 had to end. I emailed my professors, explaining that I had put the 29 first and myself second for too long. Back home, I 30 my family and