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1、RevisionQ1.In Para.2,what were the two contradictory theories doctors had in those days?Q2.In Para.3,why did the women and her daughter die of cholera after moving away from Broad Street?Q3.What was“the truth”mentioned in Para.4?Q1.In Para.2,what were the contradictory theories doctors had in those
2、days?Q2.In Para.3,why did the woman and her daughter die of cholera after moving away from Broad Street?Q3.What was“the truth”mentioned in Para.4?One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and water.It seemed that the woman l
3、iked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Revision1.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and w
4、ater.3.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.4.The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Explore:Observe and find SubjectSubjectSubjectSubjectLinking verbLinking verbLinking verbLinking ver
5、bPCthat,whether,how,where,what,as if.The basic form of Predicative Clause:Subject+Linking verbs+subordinating conjunction+other elementsbe,seem,appear,look,sound.What is the sentence structure?that,whether,how,where,what.Predicative Clauses are often used:1.to directly explain or emphasize what the
6、Subject is in greater detail.2.function as a Complement(补语)to the Subject.Unit 1 Science and Scientists Linking-v系动词系动词ContentsContents1 1Subordinating conjunction引导词引导词2 23 3Practice and Apply练习与运用练习与运用4Attention注意事项注意事项系系动动词词的的分分类类1.1.感官类系动词感官类系动词（sound,look,taste,smell,feel)2.2.变化类系动词变化类系动词(get,f
7、all,grow,turn,go,become)bebe动词动词3.3.状态系动词状态系动词保持类系动词保持类系动词（keep,remain,stay）似乎类系动词似乎类系动词（seem,appear）证明类系动词证明类系动词（prove,turn out)系动词后的成分为表语。系动词后的从句为表语从句。（am,is,are,was,were)，意为意为“是是”1 Linking-v系动词证明是.结果是.2 Subordinating conjunction引导词1.One theory was _ bad air caused the disease.2.What people really
8、 doubt is _ the doctor will defeat the serious illness.3.It seemed _ the world were coming to an end.4.This applied science,which saves work and makes life easier,brings us little happiness.That is _ we have not yet learn to make sensible use of it.表语从句中SVO成分完整表语从句中SVO成分完整表语从句中SVO成分完整表语从句中SP成分完整1）连词
9、：在从句中不充当成分as if/as though 意为意为“_”引导的表语从句常置引导的表语从句常置于于系动词系动词look,seem,sound,be,become 等等后面后面。that _ _ 意义，在表语从句意义，在表语从句中中 _ _ 成分成分,起起_ _ 作用，作用，_ _ 省略。省略。无无不充当不充当连接连接不能不能连接连接词词whether起起 _ _ 作用，意为作用，意为“_”，在句中也在句中也不作任何不作任何成分成分（注意：注意：if _引导引导表语表语从句从句)。连接连接是否、究竟、到底是否、究竟、到底不能不能似乎，好像似乎，好像because意为意为“_”引导表语从句
10、引导表语从句强调原因，注意与强调原因，注意与why的的区别区别。因为因为5.Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is _ makes me immensely satisfied.6.That is _ many experts are worrying about.7.There are dozens of books about Zoology in library.However,what really makes him confused is _ is the most suitable one fo
11、r his research paper.2）连接代词：在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语表语从句中缺少主语表语从句中缺少宾语表语从句中缺少主语8.The problem is _ could find out a cure for the disease.9.What I have not decided is _ I am going to visit.10.Both my parents have given me some advice on how to save money.But the question is _ advice I should take.表语从句中缺少定语表语
12、从句中缺少主语表语从句中缺少宾语2）连接代词：在从句中充当成分主语、宾语、表语、定语连接代词连接代词 what,which,who,whom,whose 除在句子中起除在句子中起 _ _ 作用外，还可在从句中作作用外，还可在从句中作 _、_、_ _ 或或 _，且各有词义。，且各有词义。连接连接主语主语表语表语定语定语宾语宾语 2选词填空(what/that)My hometown is no longer _it used to be.This is _I should have done first of all.What surprised me most was _the thin gi
13、rl should have won three gold medals.All I know is _I read in the papers.The amazing thing about the spring is _the colder the temperature gets,the hotter the spring!what whatthatwhatthat11.What John Snow showed to the world was _ cholera could be overcome.12.The exact places Snow marked on the map
14、were _ all those who died had lived.13.What Snow was determined to find out was _ more than 500 people died in ten days.14.The next major explosion is going to be _ genetics and computers come together.表语从句中SVA成分完整,缺少原因状语：“为什么.”3）连接副词：在从句中充当方式、地点、原因、时间状语表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少方式状语：“如何”表语从句中SV成分完整,缺少时间状语：“.的时
15、候”表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少地点状语：“.的地方”连接连接副词副词where,when,why,how除除在句中起在句中起_ _ 作用外，在作用外，在从句中还充当从句中还充当_、_、_或或_状语状语，本身具，本身具有词义。有词义。连接连接时间时间地点地点方式方式原因原因 1选词填空(why/how/where)This is _ Mary met her husband for the first time.This is _ we put off the meeting.This is _ we ve dealt with the economic crisis.wherewhyhow1
16、.The reason why he is late for school is _ he missed the bus.2.Why we decided to put off the football match is _ the weather was too bad.3 Attention1:引导词that,because,why的区别当主句的主当主句的主语是是 _ 或或 why 引引导的的 _时常用常用 _ 来引来引导表表语从句，而不用从句，而不用 because。the reason主语从句thatthatthat1.I think thats _ he was so angry.2
17、.I think it is _ you are doing too much.3.The reason _ he was so late is _ it was raining hard.whybecausewhythatlthat/this/it+is/was+why+_(原因原因/结果结果)表示表示“_”lthat/this/it +is/was+because+_(原因原因/结果结果)表示表示“_”lthe reason why is that 中中 why 是引导是引导 _，that 引导的引导的是是 _，表示，表示“_”。这这/那就是那就是的原因的原因原因原因这这/那就是因为那就是
18、因为结果结果定语从句定语从句表语从句表语从句的原因是的原因是 3补全句子David was injured in the training._he didn t take part in the Olympic Games.大卫在训练中受伤了，那就是他没有参加奥运会的原因。He did not see the film last night._he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没去看电影。那是因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。The reason _ he was absent from the meeting _他缺席会议
19、的原因是他病了。That was why That was becausewhywas that he was ill3 Attention2:表语从句中的虚拟语气My proposal is that we(should)start early tomorrow.My advice is that we(should)get there by train.My suggestion is that we(should)go and help him.1)1)主语是表示主语是表示_等的名词时，表语从句中谓语动词等的名词时，表语从句中谓语动词用用“should+should+动词原形动词原形”，
20、shouldshould可省略可省略建议、命令、要求建议、命令、要求Dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain.It sounded as if the night would never end.2)as if/as though 引导的表语从句语气：若表示真实情况，用陈述语气。若表示真实情况，用陈述语气。若表示非真实情况，用虚拟语气。若表示非真实情况，用虚拟语气。若跟现在事实不符：过去式（若跟现在事实不符：过去式（be动词用动词用were）若跟过去事实不符：若跟过去事实不符：had done若跟将来事实不符：若跟将来
21、事实不符：would/could+动词原形动词原形 4单句语法填空I felt as if my head _(be)splitting.It looks as if she _(be)really ill.were isSummary：1.表语从句的结构表语从句的结构:主语主语+系动词系动词+引导词引导词+简单句简单句2.引引导导词词从属连词从属连词:that,whether,as,as if/though,because 连接代词连接代词:who,what,which,whom,whose,.+ever连接副词连接副词:when,where,how,why3.注意点注意点:3）if 不引导
22、表语从句。不引导表语从句。4）表语从句的虚拟语气。）表语从句的虚拟语气。1）语序）语序:连主谓。连主谓。2）主语为主语为reason时，引导词用时，引导词用that表语从句表语从句EXAMPLE What was it that John Snow showed to the world?What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.1.What was Snows discovery in two particular streets in London?Snows discovery in two
23、particular streets in London was that _.2.What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London?What Snow was determined to find out was why _.3.What were the exact places Snow marked on the map?The exact places Snow marked on the map were where _.4.What was the finding
24、that Snow announced?Snows finding was that _.P5 EX.2 Complete the following questions by using predicative clauses and figure out what meanings and functions they communicate.the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days the cholera outbreak had caused more than 500 p
25、eople died in ten daysall those who died had livedthe pump water carried cholera germs4 Practice and Apply练习与运用A:Absolutely!You may not believe it,but that was_happened at the initial(初始的)stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B:Yes,it is.And it seemed _ all the theories we
26、re useful,but the fact was _ we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.C:Exactly!The problem was not about _ all our theories were equally good,but in deciding _ theory to depend upon.D:We realized that what we cared about was not _ aspect we needed to develop a theory
27、in,but rather _ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!E:Youre right.At last,we became focused on the key issue,which was _we had to carry out the research in the first place.as if that what who when has if that what who when how why whose which whetherow why whose which whe
28、therP5 EX.3:David is talking to Maria about their scientific research project.First complete Davids lines(A-E,using the words in the box.Then put Davids lines in the correct order and practice the conversation.lThen put Davids lines in the correct order.A:Absolutely!You may not believe it,but that w
29、as what happened at the initial(初始的)stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B:Yes,it is.And it seemed as if all the theories were useful,but the fact was that we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.C:Exactly!The problem was not about whether
30、all our theories were equally good,but in deciding what/which theory to depend upon.D:We realized that what we cared about was not what/which aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather how we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!E:Youre right.At last,we became focused
31、 on the key issue,which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place.Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:_Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:_M
32、aria:This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.David:_Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_A：“initial stage”(logical connector)C：“deciding what theory to depend upon”-“Deciding on a theory”(lexical connectors)B：“couldnt persuade one another”-“this”(grammatic
33、al connector)E：“At last”-“in the end”(logical connectors)D：a possible answer to the Wh-question(grammatical connector)思考：1.对话语篇有哪些衔接手段？2.如何选择，才能使对话进行下去？衔接手段：logical connector逻辑纽带grammatical connector语法lexical connector词汇Complete the following ideas by famous scientists with a word or expression that
34、 introduces a predicative clause and translate them in your own words.1.Research is _ Im doing when I dont know what Im doing.(Werner von Braun)what as though because that what whoever whyP62 Workbook EX.1 研究就是当我不知道自己在做什么的时候我在研究就是当我不知道自己在做什么的时候我在做的事做的事。布劳恩（徳裔美籍火箭科学家）布劳恩（徳裔美籍火箭科学家）Practice and Apply2
35、.The saddest aspect of life right now is _ science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.(Isaac Asimov)that as though because that what whoever whyPractice and Apply当下生活最可悲的一面就是科学积当下生活最可悲的一面就是科学积累知识的速度超过了社会积累智慧累知识的速度超过了社会积累智慧的速度的速度。艾萨克艾萨克阿西莫夫阿西莫夫 （美国科幻小说作家、化学家）（美国科幻小说作家、化学家）3.An exper
36、t can be _ has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrow field.(Niles Bohr)whoever as though because that what whoever whyPractice and Apply专家可能是在一个非常狭窄的领域里犯了专家可能是在一个非常狭窄的领域里犯了所有可能犯的错误的人所有可能犯的错误的人。尼耳斯尼耳斯玻尔玻尔（丹麦物理学家）（丹麦物理学家）4.When different experiments give you the same result,it is no
37、longer subject to your opinion.Thats the good thing about science:It is true whether or not you believe in it.Thats _ it works.(Neil deGrasse Tyson)why as though because that what whoever whyPractice and Apply当不同的实验呈现出相同的结果时，它就不再受当不同的实验呈现出相同的结果时，它就不再受制于你的意见。这就是科学的好处制于你的意见。这就是科学的好处:不管你信不不管你信不信它都是真的。这
38、就是科学工作的原理信它都是真的。这就是科学工作的原理。奈尔奈尔德葛拉司德葛拉司泰森泰森 （美国天文学家）（美国天文学家）5.This applied science,which saves work and makes life easier,brings us little happiness.That is _ we have not yet learnt to make sensible use of it!(Albert Einstein)because as though because that what whoever whyPractice and Apply这种节约工作量，使
39、生活更容易的应用科学，这种节约工作量，使生活更容易的应用科学，给我们带来的快乐很少。那是因为我们还没有给我们带来的快乐很少。那是因为我们还没有学会合理地利用它学会合理地利用它!爱因斯坦爱因斯坦6.There are only two ways to live your life.One is _ nothing is a miracle.The other is _ everything is a miracle.(Albert Einstein)as thoughas though as though because that what whoever whyPractice and App
40、ly你的生活只有两种方式。一种是好像什么都你的生活只有两种方式。一种是好像什么都不是奇迹。另一种是好像一切都是奇迹不是奇迹。另一种是好像一切都是奇迹。爱因斯坦爱因斯坦1.A:Papermaking,printing,gunpowder,and the compass are the four great inventions of ancient China.They are significant contributions of the Chinese nation to the world.B:Sure,they are.What I want to know though is_2.A
41、:The ancient Chinese were the first to invent paper and printing.Then they went on to invent books and had opened bookshops in many cities.B:What I am curious about is _which one is the greatest Complete the conversations using noun clause as the predicative./how these inventions have changed China
42、and the world.who invented paper/when ink was invented./when and how printing spread to the rest of the world.invention.P62 Workbook EX.2 3.A:The compass is a special invention of ancient China,dating back to as early as the Warring States Period.B:Yes,It seems_4.A:Gunpowder was originally used for
43、making fireworks.B:But what surprises me is _that ancient Chinese had developed a good knowledge of/that the compass was particularly useful.that gunpowder was not used initially for/how it is so unexpectedly used today.magnetism.firearms.5.A:After the discovery of medicine,acupuncture was invented
44、in China.Acupuncture is a treatment which doesnt involve any drugs.Very thin needles are put in certain parts of a persons body.B:Really?What puzzles me is _6.A:High-speed trains,mobile payments,the bike-sharing system,and online shopping are considered by some as the new“four inventions”of China.B:Is that so?I feel/It seems _/for whom this practice was first done.who first started this practice.that these inventions have really made our lives easier./as if I could not live without them,especially when it comes to online shopping.