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1、Predicative ClausesNoun Clauses主语从句主语从句主语从句 (The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)NounClausesThe person stood in front of you just now is headmaster.The door remained closed.My job is to teach you English.The reason why he
2、came late was that his clock didnt work.表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的What is the predicative？1.表语从句的定义The question is who will do it.The question is difficult.（表）表语从句（表）在复合句中做表语在复合句中做表语的从句，叫做表语从句。的从句，叫做表语从句。它位于主句的它位于主句的系动词系动词之之后，对主语进行解释说后，对主语进行解释说明，使主语的内容具体明，使主语的内容具体化。化。2.表语从句的构成主语+系动词+引导词引导词+简单句This is
3、 why he did it.What I want to say is that I am tired.表语从句系系动动词词的的分分类类1.感官类系动词（sound,look,taste,smell,feel)2.变化类系动词(get,fall,grow,turn,go,become)be动词3.状态系动词保持类系动词（keep,remain,stay）似乎类系动词（seem,appear）证明类系动词（prove,turn out)表语从句的判断The judgment of the predicative clause系动词后的成分为表语。系动词后的从句为表语从句。（am,is,are,
4、was,were)，意为“是”Underline all the examples in the reading passage where noun clauses are used as the predicative on page 5.Then state their meaning and functions.1.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.(Para.2)2.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
5、(Para.2)3.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(Para.3)4.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.(Para.4)1.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.(Para.2)一种理论认为是空气不好导致了这种疾病。2
6、.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.(Para.2)另一种说法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。3.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(Para.3)4.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had bee
7、n infected by waste.(Para.4)这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以她每天都要把水送到她家里。事实是，街上水泵的水已经被垃圾污染了3.引导词从属连词：从属连词：that/whether as if/as though(if不引导表语从句不引导表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词：连接副词：when/where/why/how that that 在从句中仅起连接作用，无实际意义，在从句中仅起连接作用，无实际意义，在句中不作任何成分，不能省略。在句中不作任何成分，不能省略。（1）thatOne theory was t
8、hat bad air caused the disease.（2）whether 1.we want to know is .我们想知道的是他是否会来帮助我们我们想知道的是他是否会来帮助我们。2.we are worried about is .我们担心的是他是否很快好转。我们担心的是他是否很快好转。whether he will come to help us whether he will feel better soonwhether 在句子中不充当任何成分，但具有在句子中不充当任何成分，但具有“是否是否”的意义。的意义。注意：注意：ifif不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句WhatWh
9、atas if/though引导表语从句时，在句子中不充当引导表语从句时，在句子中不充当任何成分，但有意义。译为：似乎，好像。任何成分，但有意义。译为：似乎，好像。He looks as if he were a rich man.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.（3）as if/through他看起来好像是个有钱人。他看起来好像是个有钱人。听起来好像有人在敲门。听起来好像有人在敲门。as if/as thoughas if/as though引导的表语从句如果是引导的表语从句如果是事实事实，就用，就用陈述语气陈述语气，如果与，如
10、果与事实事实不符不符，就用，就用虚拟语气虚拟语气(主句一般主句一般现在时现在时，从句就用一般过去时。主，从句就用一般过去时。主句是一般句是一般过去时过去时，从句用，从句用过去完成时过去完成时 )。1.It sounds as if someone _ knocking at the door.(与事实相符)听起来好像有人敲门。2.Tom likes to talk big as if he _ an important person.汤姆喜欢说大话，好像他是一个重要的人。(对现在的虚拟，用一般过去时，be动词用were)3.He opens his mouth as if he _ say s
11、omething.他张开嘴，似乎将说些什么。(对将来的虚拟，用would/could/might+do)4.He talked about Rome as if he _ there.他谈到罗马，就好像他去过那里一样。(对过去的虚拟，用had done)werewouldhad beenis(4)what 在表语从句中充当在表语从句中充当_ 表示表示_._.The question is what caused the accident.That mountain is no longer what it used to be.What he told you was what had bee
12、n discussed at the meeting.主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语什么，什么样子，或所什么，什么样子，或所的（人或事）的（人或事）(5)who 在表语从句中充当在表语从句中充当_ 表示表示_.1.The problem is who could do the work.2.My trouble is who(whom)I can turn to.3.Could you tell me who he is?主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语谁谁 (6)which 在引导表语从句时在引导表语从句时,常充当常充当_ 表示表示 。I read about it in some boo
13、k or another,but what I dont know is which(book)it is.我在某本书或另一本书中读到过它，但我不知道我在某本书或另一本书中读到过它，但我不知道它是哪本（书）。它是哪本（书）。定语定语,表语表语哪一个哪一个,哪一些哪一些(7)where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当在从句中还充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义。本身具有词义。The question is how he did it.That is where he was born.问题是他如何做此事的。问
14、题是他如何做此事的。那就是他出生的地方。那就是他出生的地方。This is why she was late for the meeting.这就是她会议迟到的原因。这就是她会议迟到的原因。That/It is/was why 那是那是的原因的原因 (强调结果）强调结果）That/It /is/was because 那是因为那是因为（强调原因）（强调原因）The reason/cause is that 的原因是的原因是注意：She often comes late.Thats she has a baby to take care of.She has a baby to take car
15、e of.Thats often comes late.becausewhy她经常迟到。那是因为她有孩子要照顾。强调“迟到”的原因。(强调原因）强调原因）他有一个孩子要照顾。那是她经常迟到的原因。强调“迟到”的结果。（强调结果）（强调结果）1.The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A.because B.that C.for D.because of2.This is _ Sara was late for the meeting.A.why B.what C.how D.That3.The reason is _ he is una
16、ble to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.Whether B C A表原因的名词reason作句子主语时，表语从句常用that引导。句意：他失败的原因是他太粗心了。强调结果句意：这就是萨拉开会迟到的原因。表原因的名词reason作句子主语时，表语从句常用that引导。句意：原因是他无法操作机器。4.4.使用虚拟语气的表语从句使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形动词原形”表示，表示，should可省略可省略。
17、常见的词有：。常见的词有：My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.一一 “坚持坚持”二二 “命令命令”三三 “建议建议”四四 “要求要求”insistorder/commandsuggest/advise/recommendrequest/require/demand/ask小结：小结：1.1.表语从句的构成表语从句的构成:引导词引导词+简单句简单句2.2.引导词引导词:连词：连词：that,whether,as,as if 连接代词：连接代词：who,what,which连接副词：连接副词：when,where,how,why
18、 3.3.三个注意点三个注意点:if 不引导表语从句不引导表语从句主语为主语为reason时，引导词用时，引导词用that语序语序that引导表语从句时不能省略引导表语从句时不能省略如何选择表语从句的引导词？1.分析表语从句的句子结构2.分析表语从句表达的句意主语+系动词+引导词引导词+简单句表语从句2020新高考全国新高考全国卷卷 完形填空完形填空Besides,the number of snakes had declined as well.He realized that it was there werent enough trees to protect them from the
19、 heat.20202020全国全国卷卷 阅读阅读 And thats makes the act of rereading so rich and can be worth the effort.20202020全国全国卷卷 七选五七选五 The good news is its simple to learn and can be worth the effort.becausewhatthat此外，蛇的数量也减少了。此外，蛇的数量也减少了。他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护他们免受高温。他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护他们免受高温。使重读行为变得丰富多彩和有变革意义的东西使重读行为
20、变得丰富多彩和有变革意义的东西好消息是它易于学习并且值得付出努力。好消息是它易于学习并且值得付出努力。1.The problem is has took away with the document.2.That is mice ruin many stores of grain every year.3.My strongest memory is I attended an American wedding.4.It looks we shall have to walk home.whohowwhenas if/though表语从句缺主语，而且指人，用表语从句缺主语，而且指人，用whow
21、ho句意：问题是谁拿走了文件。句意：问题是谁拿走了文件。表语从句成分完整，指的是方式，用表语从句成分完整，指的是方式，用 how how句意：那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。句意：那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。表语从句成完整，指的是时间，用表语从句成完整，指的是时间，用whenwhen句意：我最深刻的记忆是参加一个美国婚礼。句意：我最深刻的记忆是参加一个美国婚礼。表语从句成分完整，表示表语从句成分完整，表示“似乎、好像似乎、好像”句意：看来我们得步行回家了。句意：看来我们得步行回家了。7.His advice to his grandma is that she (make)good
22、 use of her spare time.8.Everything in my childhood crowded in to my mind as if it (happen)just now.（should）makehad happened在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。as if 引导的表语从句，与现在事实相反，表示对过去的虚拟，用 had+done句意：童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海中,仿佛刚刚发生似的。III.完成句子1)The fact was _.事实是他没有做真正的尝试。事实是他没有做真正的尝试。2
23、)The question is _.问题是这部电影是否值得看。问题是这部电影是否值得看。3)Now _she had known Millie for years.现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。现在看起来好像她认识米莉已有好多年了。4)My advice is that you_as often as possible.我的建议是你要尽可能经常地联系说英语。我的建议是你要尽可能经常地联系说英语。5)Thats _.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。6)The problem is _.问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。tha
24、t he didnt really try whether the film is worth seeingit seems as ifpractice speaking Englishwhere I first met herwho is really fit for the hard jobTom：Spell STOP three times.Jerry：.Tom：What will you do when you come to a green light？Jerry：.A：STOP.STOP.STOP.B：I dont know.A：I will stop.B：Yes.He was a
25、t home.STOP.STOP.STOP.I will stop.Tom：Then what will you do when you come to a red light.Jerry：.Tom：What？At a red light？Jerry：No,I will stop first to see the color of the light.A：I will stop.B：I will go on.I will stop.A：Then I will go on.B：What do you mean?Then I will go on.as if that what who when
26、as if that what who when how why whose which whetherhow why whose which whetherA:Absolutely!You may not believe it,but that was _ happened at the initial stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B:Yes,it is.And it seemed _ all the theories were useful,but the fact was _ we co
27、uldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.C:Exactly The problem was not about _ all our theories were equally good,but in deciding _ theory to depend upon.D:We realised that what we cared about was not_ aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather _we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!E:Youre right.At last,we became focused on the key issue,which was_ we had to carry out the reseach in the first place.whatas ifthatwhetherwhosewhichhowwhy Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!