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1、Unit 1 People of achievement Learning about LanguageGrammarThe Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive ClauseThe woman who is awarded the Nobel prize is Tu Youyou.The woman who is awarded the Nobel prize is Tu Youyou.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句whowho关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 who,whom,which,that,whose,aswhere,wh
2、en,why关系词的作用：关系词的作用：关系词的作用：关系词的作用：引导作用引导作用引导作用引导作用(引导定语从句引导定语从句引导定语从句引导定语从句)替代作用替代作用替代作用替代作用(替代先行词替代先行词替代先行词替代先行词)在定语从句中担当某个成在定语从句中担当某个成在定语从句中担当某个成在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用分的作用分的作用分的作用节日PPT模板 http:/ whom)物物主主that/which宾that/which/省略省略定定whose(=of which)先行先行词在从句中所作成分在从句中所作成分关系副关系副词时间名名词时间状状语when 地点名地点名词词地点状地点状语
3、where reason原因状原因状语whyHe is my father.He wears a white shirt.The man who wears a white shirt is my father.1.I saw the guy who delivers my mail in town yesterday.2.Ill always remember the river where we learned to swim.3.Do you know the reason why the sky is blue?4.Shes the person whose daughter goes
4、 to Harvard.which guy?which river?the reason for what?which person?若去掉，句子含义若去掉，句子含义不明确不明确无逗号无逗号与主句隔开与主句隔开1.Paris,where I spent six months studying,is the most beautiful city in the world.2.The woman down the street,whose children are the same age as yours,invited us over for dinner next week.3.The m
5、ovie,which is my favorite comedy of all time,is being shown on TV tomorrow night.有逗号有逗号与主句隔开与主句隔开若去掉，若去掉，不影响不影响句句子含义子含义I have a dad,who never do housework.若去掉从句不影响句子含若去掉从句不影响句子含义，只是起，只是起补充充说明的作用。往往明的作用。往往用逗号分开用逗号分开,不用不用that引引导非限制性定非限制性定语从句从句形式形式作用作用能否能否省略省略翻翻译限制性限制性定定语 从句从句非限制非限制性定性定语从句从句逗号逗号隔开隔开修饰修
6、饰限定限定补充补充解释解释能能不能不能的的两个两个句子句子无无 逗号逗号定定语从句从句非限制性定非限制性定语从句中关系从句中关系词的指代关系的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的作在定语从句中的作用用WhoWhomWhichwhose主主语主主语 宾语定定语宾语指代整个主句指代整个主句宾语关系副关系副词(where,when)的指代关系的指代关系指地点指地点指时间指时间 在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用WhereWhen时间状状语地点状地点状语that,why不能在非限制性定不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。从句中使用。tip介介词+which非限制性定非限制性定语从句的用法从句的用法 非限
7、制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也去掉了也 不会影响主句意思不会影响主句意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。引导引导“非限定非限定”的关系词有：的关系词有：1.1.指人时：指人时：指人时：指人时：2.2.指物时：指物时：指物时：指物时：3.3.所属关系：所属关系：所属关系：所属关系：which（可指某个词也可指整个主句，（可指某个词也可指整个主句，which 只可放在句中只可放在句中）as （表示（表示正如正如，as可以在可以在句句首，也可在句中首，也可在句中）3.3.指地点时：指地点时：指地点时：指地点时：4.4.指时间时：指
8、时间时：指时间时：指时间时：5.5.指原因时：指原因时：指原因时：指原因时：who,whom（宾语）which,aswhere=相相应介介词+whichwhen=相相应介介词+whichfor which（切不可用（切不可用why）Whose(定定语：谁的）的）as 和和 which 可指代整个主句可指代整个主句 as 可放在句中或句首可放在句中或句首,which 只放在句中只放在句中_ we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth,_ is very important to us.Aswhich注意注意:
9、as/which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别引导非限定性定语从句的区别 as 引导非限制性从句，常意为引导非限制性从句，常意为“正如正如”。可出现在句首、句中、句末。常见结构有：可出现在句首、句中、句末。常见结构有：as is known to all as is often the caseas might/could be expected as has been said beforeas has been mentioned aboveas has been pointed outas will be shown这是常有的事这是常有的事 正如人们所预料的正如人们所预料的 正如上面所提到
10、的正如上面所提到的 正如前面所说的正如前面所说的 正如所指出的正如所指出的 正如正如所示所示 在在 of which/whom 之前可以使之前可以使用表达数量或定位的用表达数量或定位的数词或代词数词或代词1.I am doing different types of exercises,all of _ are quite helpful to my health.2.Many people,some of _ are not overweight,are going on diets.3.There are 54 students in my class,three of _ come fr
11、om US.whichwhomwhom注意注意4：非限制性定语从句和简单句的比较非限制性定语从句和简单句的比较1)He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.2)He failed in the exam,_ made his parents angry.3)He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.4)He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem“非限定非限定”使用须知使用须知1.从句中所有的关系词都从句中所有的关系词都不可省略不可省略2.
12、从句通常从句通常不能用不能用that引导引导3.在在“非限定非限定”中中,指人的关系代词指人的关系代词作宾语作宾语时时,只能只能用宾格用宾格whom,不能用不能用who替换替换,也不能省略。也不能省略。4.从句从句不能用不能用why引导引导,要用要用 for which 代替代替why5.从句从句置于句首时置于句首时,不能用不能用which引导引导;而要用关而要用关系代词系代词 as 引导引导(as可放主句前可放主句前,也可放主句后也可放主句后)当我当我们做非限制性定做非限制性定语从句的从句的练习时,往往先确定先行往往先确定先行词,然后再分析先行然后再分析先行词在从句中的作用在从句中的作用,再
13、再对关系关系词加以加以选择。整理一番整理一番节日PPT模板 http:/ found the ancient book,which was broken.I like the house,whose windows face the sea.先行先行词指物指物,在从句中做主或在从句中做主或宾语,用关系用关系词which,不能用不能用that先行先行词在从句做定在从句做定语,用关系用关系词whose节日PPT模板 http:/ will remember August 8th,2008,when 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing.先行先行词在从句中做在
14、从句中做时间状状语,用用whenCindy is a lovely girl,with whom many people like to make friends.节日PPT模板 http:/ 在引在引导非限制性定非限制性定语从句中，可指代整个主句内容，从句中，可指代整个主句内容，并有并有“正如、像正如、像一一样”的含的含义，其位置可放在主句，其位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面。而前面，也可放在后面。而which引引导的非限制性定的非限制性定语从句从句只能放在只能放在 后面后面，且无，且无“正如正如”之意。之意。As we all know,he is a famous scientist.A
15、s is well known to all,Taiwan is a part of China.常与常与as连用的用的词有有 know,see,expect,point out 等。等。试比比较下面两个句子。下面两个句子。He went abroad,_was expected.He went abroad,_was unexpected.aswhich当从句是否定句或表示否定意当从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用，只能用which引引导。节日PPT模板 http:/ is known to all 众所周知众所周知 as you know 正如你所知道的那样正如你所知道的那样 as is
16、 expected 正如所预料的那样正如所预料的那样 as we expected 正如我们所期待的正如我们所期待的 as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提到的正如上面所提到的 as is reported/said 正如报道正如报道/所说的那样所说的那样 as is shown 正如正如.所示所示 as 常见搭配Non-restrictive attributive clause节日PPT模板 http:/ http:/ are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang,he was the first Chinese to walk in sp
17、ace.2.Many Chinese will never forget May 12th,2008,when a big earthquake happened in Sichuan then.3.Which is shown on TV,many children suffered a lot from the polluted milk.hewhothen去掉去掉WhichAs节日PPT模板 http:/ Hao is a hero,who we should learn.5.China got the most gold medals in the Olympics,that make
18、s people excited.6.I dream of going to Beijing,which the 29th Olympic Games was held.whofrom whomthatwhichwhichwhere/in which节日PPT模板 http:/ http:/ is a beautiful city,_ people visit the famous West Lake.2.Beijing,_ is the capital of China,has a very long history.3._ is known to all,he is the best st
19、udent.4.The young man had a new girl friend,_ is a pop star.ExerciseswhichAswhowhere/in which节日PPT模板 http:/ should thank my teacher,with _ help,I solved the problem.6.He once worked on the Birds Nest,_ _ his son is proud.whoseofwhich1.The famous basketball star,_ is an American,came to China yesterd
20、ay.2.In those days,she used to go to Mr.Black,with _ she had a wonderful time.3.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.4.Xian,_ I visited last year,is a nice old city.5.He will come to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.6.The school,_ I once studied,was built thirty years ago.7.John said hed be
21、en working in the office for an hour,_ was true.8.The managers daughter,_ name is Ann,gave me a patient smile.whowhomwhichwhich课课堂堂练练习习whenwherewhichwhose1.The famous basketball star,_ is an American,came to China yesterday.2.In those days,she used to go to Mr.Black,with _ she had a wonderful time.3
22、.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.4.Xian,_ I visited last year,is a nice old city.5.He will come to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.6.The school,_ I once studied,was built thirty years ago.7.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.8.The managers daughter,_ name
23、is Ann,gave me a patient smile.whowhomwhichwhich课课堂堂练练习习whenwherewhichwhose“Doctor,”she said loudly,breaking into the room,_ there was a man,“I want you to tell what is wrong with me.”He looked at her from head to foot,then said,“_ is shown in the mirror,Ive just three things to tell you.Fill in the
24、 blanks with proper link wordsThe doctor lives downstairswhereAsFirst,I suggest that you,my lady,_ weight needs reducing by nearly fifty pounds,should do more exercise.Second,you may use 1/10 as much lipstick(口口红),by _ you will be prettier.And third,Im an artist-the doctor,_ you are looking for,live
25、s downstairs.whichwhomwhose1.She was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,_ madethe others unhappy.A.which B.who C.this D.what2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.when C.that D.whereA D 练一一练3.The old man has two s
26、ons,_ is a soldier.A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom D.none of them4.New York is famous for its sky-scrapers (摩天大楼摩天大楼),_ has more than 100 storeys.A.the higher of them B.the highest of which C.the highest of them D.some of whichA B 5.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that D.which6.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.itB B Thank you