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1、Learning about languageUnit 1The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性和非限制性定语从句先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的：被定语从句所修饰的名词名词或或代词代词关系词关系词：引导引导定语从句的词定语从句的词He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词 关系代词关系代词一、定语从句一、定语从句在复合句中在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句,其其作用相当于作用相当于形容词形容词。定语从句的引导
2、词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词指人指人指物指物that(主主语语/宾宾语语/表表语语),who(主主语语/宾宾语语),whom(宾宾语语),whose(定语定语),as(主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语)that,which(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose,aswhere(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)Ps:关系词关系词在从句中做在从句中做状语状语时时,连接词有时连接词有时可以用可以用介词介词+which/whom+which/whom来替换关系副词来替换关系副词 定语从句可分为定语从句可分为限制性限制性定语从句定语从句和和非限制性非限制性定语从句
3、定语从句。定语从句的分类：定语从句的分类：1.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句它它是是对对先先行行词词作作修修饰饰、限限制制,从从句句与与主主句句的的关关系系十十分分密密切切,如如果果去去掉掉,主主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。句的意思就不完整或失去意义。2.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句它它是是对对先先行行词词作作附附加加补补充充说说明明,从从句句与与主主句句的的关关系系不不是是很很密密切切,如如果果去去掉掉,主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。His daughter,who is in Shenzhen now,is coming home next week.People
4、who take physical exercise regularly live longer.1.形式不同形式不同二、限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别二、限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:与主句之间与主句之间无逗号无逗号隔开；隔开；非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:与主句之间与主句之间有逗号有逗号隔开。隔开。His daughter,who is in Shenzhen now,is coming home next week.People who take physical exercise regularly live longer.He is the man
5、who lives next to me.他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。He is a warm-hearted man,who lives next to me.他是个热心肠的人,住在我的隔壁。2.翻译翻译不同不同限限制制性性定定语语从从句句:一一般般先先译译从从句句,后后译译先先行行词词,即即把把从从句句翻翻译译在在它它所所修修饰饰的的先行词前先行词前,译为译为“的先行词的先行词”。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:一般先译主句一般先译主句,后译从句后译从句,翻译翻译成成两个分句两个分句。3.先行词先行词不同不同限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:可以修饰名词或代词可以修饰名词或代词；非限制性定语从
6、句非限制性定语从句:可以可以修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词,也可以修饰整个句子也可以修饰整个句子,Do you remember the man who taught us English?She and her family bicycle to work,which helps them keep fit.Mr.White,whom you met yesterday,is one of my old friends.(非限制性定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,不能省略）4.关系词关系词不同不同在限制性定语从句中在限制性定语从句中,关系代词关系代词作宾语时可以省略作宾语时可以省略；在非限制性
7、定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中,所有关系词都不可省略所有关系词都不可省略。三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项1.that不能引导非限制性定语从句。不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中,用用who,whom指代人指代人,用用which 指代物。指代物。She was very fond of speaking French,which indeed she spoke well.I had told them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting.2.非限制性定语从句非限
8、制性定语从句表原因表原因时时,不不能能用用why引导引导,而而用用for which代替代替why。三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项They went to London,where they lived for six months.3.当当先先行行词词是是世世界界上上独独一一无无二二的的事事物物或或专专有有名名词词时时,其其后后的的定定语语从从句句通通常是非限制性定语从句。常是非限制性定语从句。4.当当先行词是唯一亲属先行词是唯一亲属,使用非限制性定语从句。使用非限制性定语从句。Professor Wang has a son,who works i
9、n Beijing.三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项5.当先行词指代整个主句内容时当先行词指代整个主句内容时,使用非限制性定语从句。使用非限制性定语从句。He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.6.most/each/few/some/any/none/both/all/neither/分分数数/百百分分数数/数数字字 +of+which/whomLater,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom r
10、ecovered.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上形式上与主句之间与主句之间_逗号隔开逗号隔开与主句之间与主句之间_逗号隔开逗号隔开功能上功能上对先行词修饰、限制对先行词修饰、限制对先行词补充说明对先行词补充说明意义意义上上去掉后主句句意去掉后主句句意_去掉后主句句意去掉后主句句意_翻译上翻译上先行词先行词关系词关系词不完整不完整不用不用用用完整完整翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前按句子顺序按句子顺序,翻译成两个简单句翻译成两个简单句名词或代词名词或代词既可为名词或代词既可为名词或代词,也可是整个主句也可是整个主句that/which/wh
11、o/whom/whose/as/when/where/why不能用不能用that/why关系代词作宾语可省略关系代词作宾语可省略所有关系词都不可省略所有关系词都不可省略限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 Write down the word that matches each definition.Then find the sentences containing these words in the text.1._ cook something in very hot water2._ relating to plants3._ qualities or ch
12、aracteristics of something4._ a kind of substance that flows freely,such as water or milk5._ physical material that existsboilbotanicalpropertiesliquidsubstanceThey then tried boiling fresh wormwood.but this did not work either.In 1969,she.to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.Her
13、 team examined.for their medical properties.They then tried.using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.Guess the meaning of the underlined words.Then fill in the blanks with words that have the same roots.
14、1.The two flowers are quite distinct from one another,so it is easy to make a _ between them.2.Scientists need to _ how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.3.A talented scientist well known for his _ to his country,Huang Danian committed himself to his research in
15、 geophysics.4.A:Did you come to any conclusions?B:Yes,we _ that by drawing out the extract at a low temperature,we could find the substance that we needed to complete the experiment.5.She spends a lot of time _ her patients dreams.This analysis is very helpful,explaining their daily behaviour very w
16、ell.distinctionevaluatecommitmentconcludedanalysing Read the passage about Lu Xun.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.insist obtain objective acknowledge apparently crucialLu Xun,_ as one of the greatest modern writers in China,was born in Shaoxing,Zhejiang Province in
17、1881.In 1904,he went to Japan and became a medical student,with the _ of improving peoples health and saving lives.However,he changed his mind when he saw in a photo a Chinese man about to be killed by a Japanese soldier.It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo _ did not care about what
18、 was happening to their fellow countrymen.From this,he concluded that the _ problem in China was not physical illness,but the spiritual illness of people at that time.Following this,he quit medical school.When he returned to China in 1908,he _ a teaching job.In 1917,a friend _ that he help write for a magazine called New Youth.That was how his first famous short story A Madmans Diary got published.acknowledgedobjectiveapparentlycrucialobtainedinsistedTHANKS